An overview of microdiesel — A sustainable future source of renewable energy

Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Bhatia, Ravi Kant,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.79 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microdiesel obtained from microbes using renewable materials as carbon sources is an important alternative to petroleum diesel. This review provides information related to microdiesel production using various carbon sources; i.e. carbon dioxide, C<SUB>2</SUB>, saccharides, and lignocellulose. Microbes can accumulate different contents of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). Not all microbes store fatty acids and utilize a broad range of substrates as carbon sources, and vice versa. Microbes can be engineered to consume various carbon sources, and accumulate increased amounts of fatty acids with different composition. The properties of microdiesel depend on its fatty acid profile, which in turn determines its efficacy. The structural features of the fatty acids, such as carbon chain length, branching and degree of unsaturation, affect the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel (cetane number (CN), oxidation stability (OS), iodine value (IV), cold flow properties, density and kinematic viscosity). Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles can be used to evaluate the key properties of biodiesel, i.e. the stability of the oil used. The overview presented herein concludes that microdiesel production using non-feed carbon sources and genetically engineered microbes shows much promise.</P>

Bioconversion of plant biomass hydrolysate into bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates) using <i>Ralstonia eutropha</i> 5119

Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Gurav, Ranjit,Choi, Tae-Rim,Jung, Hye-Rim,Yang, Soo-Yeon,Moon, Yu-Mi,Song, Hun-Suk,Jeon, Jong-Min,Choi, Kwon-Young,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2019 Bioresource technology Vol.271 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass results in the formation of byproducts (furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural [HMF], vanillin, acetate etc.), which affect microbial growth and productivity. Furfural (0.02%), HMF (0.04%), and acetate (0.6%) showed positive effects on <I>Ralstonia eutropha</I> 5119 growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production, while vanillin exhibited negative effects. Response optimization and interaction studies between the variables glucose, ammonium chloride, furfural, HMF, and acetate using the response surface methodology resulted in maximum PHA production (2.1 g/L) at optimal variable values of 15.3 g/L, 0.43 g/L, 0.04 g/L, 0.05 g/L, and 2.34 g/L, respectively. Different lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates (LBHs), including barley biomass hydrolysate (BBH), <I>Miscanthus</I> biomass hydrolysate (MBH), and pine biomass hydrolysate (PBH), were evaluated as potential carbon sources for <I>R. eutropha</I> 5119 and resulted in 1.8, 2.0, and 1.7 g/L PHA production, respectively. MBH proved the best carbon source, resulted in higher biomass (Y<SUB>x/s,</SUB> 0.31 g/g) and PHA (Y<SUB>p/s,</SUB> 0.14 g/g) yield.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Ralstonia eutropha</I> 5119 can co-metabolize biomass derived byproducts with glucose. </LI> <LI> Furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and acetate promote biomass and PHA production. </LI> <LI> Vanillin is more toxic followed by furfural > hydroxymethylfurfural > acetate. </LI> <LI> <I>Miscanthus</I> biomass hydrolysate resulted in high PHA (Y<SUB>p/s,</SUB> 0.14 g/g) yield. </LI> <LI> PHA produced from biomass hydrolysate has similar properties to P(3HB-<I>co</I>-3HV). </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Dynamics of Vaccination Model with Holling Type II Functional Response

Bhatia, Sumit Kaur,Chauhan, Sudipa,Nasir, Umama Department of Mathematics 2020 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.60 No.2

We propose a mathematical model with Holling type II functional response, to study the dynamics of vaccination. In order to make our model more realistic, we have incorporated the recruitment of infected individuals as a continuous process. We have assumed that vaccination cannot be perfect and there is always a possibility of re-infection. We have obtained the existence of a disease free and endemic equilibrium point, when the recruitment of infective is not considered and also obtained the existence of at least one endemic equilibrium point when recruitment of infective is considered. We have proved that if R_v < 1, disease free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable, which leads to the elimination of the disease from the population. The persistence of the model has also been established. Numerical simulations have been done to establish the results obtained.

Biodiversity and Conservation of Indian Sheep Genetic Resources - An Overview -

Bhatia, S.,Arora, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10

Indian subcontinent is a rich source of diverse ovine germplasm, and only very few countries have such a large number of breeds with wide genetic diversity. This vast ovine biodiversity in India is being eroded rapidly and more than 50% of sheep breeds are currently under threat. It is noteworthy that the characterization of Indian sheep breeds was last done in the first half of the century since then no recent estimates are available and surveys in majority of the regions/breeds are far from complete. Starting in 1985 National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Karnal, India, therefore, initiated activities aimed at determining the status and compiling information on indigenous farm animals including sheep. This report represents attempts made to date on the basis of field/literature surveys and additional activities on molecular characterization to ascertain their status including distribution, population changes, breed diversities and risk status. The need, mode and mechanisms of conservation are also described. Involvement of several agencies for evaluation, improvement, conservation programmes and recommendations made for effective characterization and conservation of sheep biodiversity are highlighted. This publication would promote action particularly at national level to improve the information base on domestic Indian breeds of sheep and provide input into national domestic sheep diversity conservation policy decisions.

Current status and strategies for second generation biofuel production using microbial systems

Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Kim, Sang-Hyoun,Yoon, Jeong-Jun,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2017 Energy conversion and management Vol.148 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Economic growth and industrial energy demand necessitate sustainable energy resources. The food vs. fuel issue means that first generation biofuels appear unsustainable. Therefore, biofuel production using lignocellulosic biomass clearly needs to be explored and promoted. However, due to technological barriers, the production of biofuel from lignocellulose (second generation biofuel) is currently not cost effective. Although microbial fermentation is an ecofriendly way to convert lignocellulose into biofuel, it will take time to become a commercial reality. Biofuels of different generations can contribute synergistically to fulfill energy demand. More research and government participation is needed to make the biofuel production process more feasible. This review focuses on the pretreatment of biomass, the production of biofuel (biodiesel, bioalcohol, and biogas) using microbial systems, and the various efforts that have been implemented to improve biofuel production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Second generation biofuel is produced from lignocellulosic biomass. </LI> <LI> Microbes have potential to ferment biomass into biofuel. </LI> <LI> Metabolic engineering and consortia approach can improve biofuel production. </LI> <LI> Second generation biofuel production still in initial stage and require more research input. </LI> </UL> </P>

Some norm inequalities for matrix means

Bhatia, R.,Lim, Y.,Yamazaki, T. North Holland [etc.] 2016 Linear algebra and its applications Vol.501 No.-

<P>Inequalities for unitarily invariant norms of power means of positive definite matrices are presented. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Biowaste-to-bioenergy using biological methods – A mini-review

Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Joo, Hwang-Soo,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2018 Energy conversion and management Vol.177 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The continued production of waste is creating management problems. The use of traditional waste management methods, such as incineration and landfill, releases gases that may cause global warming. Energy demand is also increasing rapidly owing to the rapid increase in population and industrialization. To meet this ever-increasing demand, access to clean and green energy is essential for the sustainable development of human society. These two challenges, if managed scientifically using biowaste to bioenergy (BtB) technology, can provide solutions for one another. In this article, we reviewed the strategies for and status of BtB technology (anaerobic digestion, transesterification, and microbial fuel cells) used to convert various biowastes (forest and agriculture residue, animal wastes, and municipal wastes) into bioenergy (biogas, biodiesel, bioalcohol, and bioelectricity). The participation of researchers, scientists, government agencies, and stakeholders is needed to increase the feasibility of these technologies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biowaste-to-bioenergy technology is a possible solution to fulfill energy demand. </LI> <LI> This technology will not only solve energy problem but also help to manage biowaste. </LI> <LI> There is need to develop an integrated process to get more revenue from biowaste. </LI> <LI> To compete with other energy source this technology need government policy and subsidies. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Anesthetic management of a parturient with Shone’s syndrome -a case report with review of literature-

Bhatia Kailash,Eccles Jennifer,Meessala Dinesh. K 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.4

Background: Shone’s syndrome is a rare complex congenital cardiac condition, characterized by a supra-valvular mitral ring, parachute deformity of the mitral valve, aortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta.Case: A 26-year-old parturient with partial Shone’s syndrome presented to our delivery unit in pulmonary edema. She underwent a scheduled cesarean section performed under a combined spinal-epidural anesthetic at 33 weeks. She had multidisciplinary input from the cardiac, obstetric, and anesthetic teams, which led to a good outcome. A review of the five published case reports of Shone’s syndrome in pregnancy is presented along with key findings.Conclusions: Our case report and the review highlight the successful use of combined spinal-epidural anesthetic and provides guidance to the multidisciplinary team on the varied presentation and the optimum management of women with Shone’s syndrome during the peripartum period.

High-Mobility Bismuth-based Transparent <i>p</i>-Type Oxide from High-Throughput Material Screening

Bhatia, Amit,Hautier, Geoffroy,Nilgianskul, Tan,Miglio, Anna,Sun, Jingying,Kim, Hyung Joon,Kim, Kee Hoon,Chen, Shuo,Rignanese, Gian-Marco,Gonze, Xavier,Suntivich, Jin American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.1

Bioconversion of barley straw lignin into biodiesel using <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp. YHY01

Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Gurav, Ranjit,Choi, Tae-Rim,Han, Yeong Hoon,Park, Ye-Lim,Park, Jun Young,Jung, Hye-Rim,Yang, Soo-Yeon,Song, Hun-Suk,Kim, Sang-Hyoun,Choi, Kwon-Young,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2019 Bioresource technology Vol.289 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01 was studied to utilize various lignin derived aromatic compounds. It was able to utilize <I>p</I>-coumaric acid, cresol, and 2,6 dimethoxyphenol and resulted in biomass production i.e. 0.38 g dcw/L, 0.25 g dcw/L and 0.1 g dcw/L, and lipid accumulation i.e. 49%, 40%, 30%, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<SUB>50</SUB>) value for <I>p</I>-coumaric acid (13.4 mM), cresol (7.9 mM), and 2,6 dimethoxyphenol (3.4 mM) was analyzed. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solubilized barley straw lignin fraction was used as a carbon source for <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01 and resulted in 0.130 g dcw/L with 39% w/w lipid accumulation. Major fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0) 51.87%, palmitoleic acid (C16:l) 14.90%, and oleic acid (C18:1) 13.76%, respectively. Properties of biodiesel produced from barley straw lignin were as iodine value (IV) 27.25, cetane number (CN) 65.57, cold filter plugging point (CFPP) 14.36, viscosity (υ) 3.81, and density (ρ) 0.86.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01 can utilize <I>p</I>-coumaric acid > cresol > 2,6 dimethoxyphenol. </LI> <LI> IC<SUB>50</SUB> value was; <I>p</I>-coumaric (13.4 mM), cresol (7.9 mM), 2,6 dimethoxyphenol (3.4 mM) </LI> <LI> Biomass and lipid production in order; <I>p</I>-coumaric acid > cresol > 2,6 dimethoxyphenol. </LI> <LI> Barley lignin led to 39% w/w lipid accumulation in <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>