http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Baumert, Sophia (검색결과 2 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
Greenhouse gas and energy balance of Jatropha biofuel production systems of Burkina Faso
Baumert, Sophia,Khamzina, Asia,Vlek, Paul L.G. Elsevier 2018 Energy for sustainable development Vol.42 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Jatropha curcas</I> has been introduced as a low-cost energy crop in Burkina Faso for the production of straight vegetable oil (SVO) and biodiesel. It is cultivated in different plantation systems including smallholder inter-plantings with annual crops, large-scale monoculture, afforestation on marginal land, in traditional hedge systems along contour stone walls, and in living fences. We performed Life Cycle Assessment of these Jatropha systems using empirical data on yields and carbon stocks, and accounting for changes in agro-ecosystem provisioning and regulating services that occurred after the land conversion to Jatropha. The study found that all <I>J</I>. <I>curcas</I> production pathways substantially reduced greenhouse gas emission (68–89%) and saved energy (65–90%) compared to diesel fuel. Highest values are achievable under the assumption that by-products (husks, seed cake, glycerin) are used for energy generation. The decentralized production of SVO supplied by feedstocks from intercropping and hedgerow systems seems to be most promising option. However, very low land-use efficiency (6.5–9.5 GJ ha<SUP>−1</SUP> production) characterized Jatropha intercropping and monoculture plantations, rendering the plant a competitor to food crops and increasing the risk of conversion of savanna land to Jatropha cultivation. Jatropha plantings on marginal lands largely failed. High labor requirements constrain integration of Jatropha plantation systems within small farmholdings. Currently, the traditional hedge systems show the lowest land-use replacement potential and labor needs while providing multiple ecosystem services, but alone cannot satisfy rural energy needs. In order to reach energy supply targets without claiming more land and compromising other ecosystem services, the <I>J</I>. <I>curcas</I> plantation systems in Burkina Faso need to be made more efficient through plant breeding and improved agronomic management.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Jatropha biofuel production resulted in GHG emission reduction and fossil energy saving. </LI> <LI> Use of Jatropha by-products as energy source improved life cycle net GHG emissions. </LI> <LI> Jatropha plantations had very low energy yields per hectare. </LI> <LI> Local production and use of Jatropha oil has greatest potential in Burkina Faso. </LI> </UL> </P>
-
Measurement and Evaluation of as Relevant Perceived Product Descriptors
( Michael Brusch(prof. Dr. ) ),( Katrin Baumert ),( Luisa Illner ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2
Purpose When developing new goods, i.e., products and services, decision makers have to include consumer evaluations within their decision making process. These evaluations should analyze the product descriptors, which are really relevant from the customers□ point of view and which can be totally different from simple physical or technical attributes in the case of mate-rial goods. Besides these several types of product characteristics the evaluations should con-sider external influencing factors like the involvement. Methodology/Approach In this investigation, an empirical data set resulting from a complex technical product related survey is used. The products analyzed are smartphones and can be seen as representative ex-amples with both objective physical features and subjective design related attributes. The data collection and analysis will focus on subjective attributes, identifying factors and separating customer segments, e.g., using cluster analysis. Additionally, the existence of influence fac-tors like the involvement of the customers will be tested. Originality/Value of Paper The investigation illustrates consequences of the usage of customer individual subjective ele-ments as product descriptors which are relevant from a customers□ viewpoint. The resulting insights are new for researchers from a theoretical and from a practical point of view. The results verify, among others, the needs to analyze the customers on an individual level and to consider external (customer behavior related) influence factors.
연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
