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        Spherical and spheroidal fullerenes entering carbon nanotubes

        Barry J. Cox,Ngamta Thamwattana,James M. Hill 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4

        A continuous model of a fullerene inside a carbon nanotube and for which both the fullerene and carbon nanotube are treated assmooth surfaces with uniform atomic number densities and the van der Waals interaction is formulated using a 612 Lennard-Jonespotential. From the model we derive acceptance conditions and suction energies for C60,C70 and C80 fullerenes. We show that for thesesystems where the fullerenes are not accepted by the nanotube, then the suction energy is particularly sensitive to the equatorial semi-axislengthb. Alternatively, when the nanotube does accept the fullerene then an approximately equal suction energy per atom is obtained forall the fullerene types with little or no sensitivity to change in the equatorial semi-axis length. The analysis is given for the spherical ful-lerene C60 for which good agreement with molecular dynamics studies is obtained and it is repeated for C70 and C80 fullerenes using aself-consistent solution.

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        Cigarette smoking status has a modifying effect on the association between polymorphisms in KALRN and measures of cardiovascular risk in the diabetes heart study

        Megan E. Rudock,Amanda. J. Cox,Julie T. Ziegler,Allison B. Lehtinen,Jessica J. Connelly,Barry I. Freedman,J. Jeffrey Carr,Elizabeth R. Hauser,Benjamin D. Horne,Donald W. Bowden 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.5

        All manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are substantially more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in non-diabetic individuals. The current study evaluated KALRN, a gene previously linked to CVD, as a contributor to CVD in a sample enriched for T2DM. Specifically,the potential modifying effect of cigarette smoking was examined. A total of 28 SNPs in KALRN were genotyped in 1001 European Americans from 369 Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) families, as well as 762 population-based controls. The association between each SNP and both qualitative and quantitative CVD disease phenotypes was determined using generalized estimating equations and variance component models,respectively. Selected KALRN SNPs were found to be associated with both the qualitative (T2DM, CVD, metabolic syndrome)and quantitative traits (C-reactive protein and abdominal aortic calcified plaque). Interaction analysis and stratification were then used to test whether smoking modulates the genetic effects of KALRN. The strongest evidence of a modifying effect of smoking status was observed for rs9289231 and intima-media thickness (p=9.0x10^(-4)) and abdominal aortic calcified plaque (p=3.0x10^(-4)). Overall, following stratification by smoking status, the evidence of association with quantitative traits was more pronounced in smokers compared to non-smokers. The strongest association for smokers was between rs1720960 and abdominal aortic calcified plaque (p=2.6x10^(-5)), while in non-smokers there was no observed association. KALRN variants are associated with measures of CVD and T2DM in the DHS sample with smoking status observed to have a significant modifying effect on these associations.

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