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B., Balamuralitharan,Cho, In-Ho,Bak, Jin-Soo,Kim, Hee-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.14
<P>Metal oxides have attracted considerable interest due to their distinguished electrochemical properties and applications in multiple fields such as supercapacitors and solar cells. It is beneficial to exploit V2O5 electrode materials with desired structures as well as potential applications due to their low-cost, low toxicity, wide voltage windows and multiple oxidation states. A facile hydrothermal method for synthesizing V2O5 nanorods using ammonium metavanadate with an acidic reducing agent at 200 °C is reported. The surface morphology, crystallinity and functional group modifications of the nanorods are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. V2O5 nanorods on stainless steel (SS) plate architecture exhibit an outstanding electrochemical performance in supercapacitors with high areal specific capacitance of 417.4 mF cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at a scan rate of 5 mV s<SUP>−1</SUP>, excellent rate capability, and good cycling stability for 5000 cycles in 0.5 M sodium sulfate in comparison to the observations in 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 0.5 M KCl electrolytes. Moreover, a three electrode setup is used to scrutinize the electrochemical performance of the V2O5-nanorod electrode; it shows superior performance in terms of high areal specific capacitance, which is the highest reported value so far, and it also shows long cycling stability. Our study demonstrates that the as-fabricated V2O5 nanorods can be applied in both high energy density fields and high power density applications such as flexible electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage devices.</P>
B. Balamuralitharan,Suresh Kannan Balasingam,S. N. Karthick,Ananthakumar Ramadoss,Manab Kundu,박진수,조인호,프라바카르,전용석,김희제 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.71 No.-
Iron pyrite (FeS2) is an interesting mineral in the transition metal dichalcogenide group due to its highabundance in the earth’s crust which can be used for various electrochemical energy storage applications,such as batteries and supercapacitors; however, it suffers from low rate capability and poor cycleperformance, which hampers its use from large-scale commercial applications. In the present study, irondisulfide microspheres anchored onto a reduced graphene oxide matrix (rGO-FeS2 hybrid) were grownusing a superficial hydrothermal method. For comparison, rGO-free iron disulfide material wassynthesized under the same hydrothermal conditions, and uniformly distributed FeS2 micro-sizeflowerswere formed. The energy storage capacity of both electroactive materials (FeS2 and rGO-FeS2 hybridmaterial) was tested for supercapacitor applications in a symmetric cell configuration. The pristine FeS2microflower electrode exhibited an areal capacitance of 70.98 mF cm 2 at 5 mV s 1. On the other hand,the rGO-FeS2 hybrid microsphere electrode exhibited an enhanced areal capacitance of 112.41 mF cm 2 atthe same scan rate with an excellent capacitance retention of 90% over 10,000 cycles. The improvedelectrochemical performance of the rGO-FeS2 hybrid material is due mainly to its improved electricalconductivity, high surface area indicating an enhanced electron, and ion transfer mechanism. This studysuggests that the rGO-FeS2 hybrid electrode material has potential applications in energy storage devices.
Selvam, S.,Balamuralitharan, B.,Karthick, S. N.,Savariraj, A. Dennyson,Hemalatha, K. V.,Kim, Soo-Kyoung,Kim, Hee-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.3 No.19
<▼1><P>A novel sulfated β-cyclodextrin/PVP/MnCO3 composite has been synthesized for a parallel-connected supercapacitor and dye-sensitized solar cell (counter electrode).</P></▼1><▼2><P>A novel sulfated β-cyclodextrin/PVP/MnCO3 composite has been synthesized for a parallel-connected supercapacitor and dye-sensitized solar cell (counter electrode). β-Cyclodextrin has sulfonated, thermally cross-linked with PVP, and incorporated with MnCO3 nanoparticles. The composite electrode exhibited 202.6 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> capacitance, 197.96 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP> energy density, 5.57% <I>η</I> (DSSC) and 70% performance up to 200 °C with a [BMI][TFSI] electrolyte.</P></▼2>
Selvam, S.,Balamuralitharan, B.,Karthick, S. N.,Hemalatha, K. V.,Prabakar, K.,Kim, Hee-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Analytical methods Vol.8 No.44
<▼1><▼1><P>A self-powered supercapacitor based on a caffeine sensor electrode has been developed using an electrochemically deposited rGO/β-CD/MnO2 ternary composite with ionic liquid assistance.</P></▼1><▼2><P>A self-powered supercapacitor based on a caffeine sensor electrode has been developed using an electrochemically deposited rGO/β-CD/MnO2 ternary composite with ionic liquid assistance. This typical composite electrode was prepared from electrochemically reduced e-rGO followed by the addition of β-cyclodextrin and MnO2 from Mn(CH3COOH)2·4H2O on FTO surfaces. The composite material is indexed to the corresponding crystalline phase of MnO2 in the XRD investigation and Mn 3p, Mn 2p, C 1s, and O 1s signals were identified from XPS analysis. The cyclic voltammetry study reveals that the potential of the caffeine samples and the square wave voltammetry peak currents indicate an increasing trend for caffeine oxidation. The sensor expressed a sensitivity of 0.187 μA cm<SUP>2</SUP> μM<SUP>−1</SUP> with a linear range of 10–550 μM (<I>n</I> = 3.12). The corresponding supercapacitor also exhibited a specific capacitance of 352 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> and it showed a very good life time from a long term cyclic test. The proposed ternary composite electrodes may be suitable electrodes for self-powered sensor devices.</P></▼2></▼1>
Selvam, S.,Balamuralitharan, B.,Jegatheeswaran, S.,Kim, M. Y.,Karthick, S. N.,AnandhaRaj, J.,Boomi, P.,Sundrarajan, M.,Prabakar, K.,Kim, H. J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.4
<P>Electrolyte-imprinted and copper crosslinked hybrid flexible electrodes have been considered as long-term stability supercapacitors. Graphene oxide, chitosan and copper (copper chloride) were crosslinked under ionic liquid medium using a hydrothermal technique. The fabricated flexible supercapacitor exhibits a maximum 356 F g(-1) specific capacitance and possesses extreme cyclic stability up to 200 000 cycles.</P>
Duraivel, Malarkodi,Nagappan, Saravanan,Balamuralitharan, B.,Selvam, S.,Karthick, S. N.,Prabakar, K.,Ha, Chang-Sik,Kim, Hee-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.13
<P>In this work, we report the synthesis of sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (S-rGO) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and sodium sulfide (Na2S) by a facile one-pot approach <I>via</I> refluxing in deionised water. The undoped rGO chemical structure is partially reduced by NaBH4, whereas the addition of a small amount of Na2S with NaBH4 resulted in a better reduction of rGO. XPS analysis confirmed the successful doping of sulfur and Raman spectroscopy verified the increased defect density. The S-rGO electrode exhibits good power density (3202 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) with increased specific capacitance (392 F g<SUP>−1</SUP>) and cyclic stability (91%, 2000 cycles) in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The obtained results suggest that the simple tuning of the graphene oxide structure using Na2S with NaBH4 enhances the above properties. Moreover, this method is facile and allows the easy reproduction of bulk quantities of materials for use in commercial applications.</P>
Chebrolu Venkata Thulasi-Varma,Balamuralitharan Balakrishnan,Hee-JeKim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.81 No.-
Here, we report a simple strategy to grow NiSe architectures vertically on nickel foam (NF) via facilesolution-based deposition. The as-synthesized NSE7h core-shell nanoplate structure with a mass loadingof 6.4 mg/cm 2 can be delivered a high specific capacitance of 2234.84 Fg 1 at 10 mA cm 2 andoutstanding rate capability compared to that of NO (708.52 Fg 1), NS (968.22 Fg 1), NSE1h (1357.43 Fg 1),and NSE4h (1675.87 Fg 1). The desirable electrochemical performance was mainly attributed to thecomponent’s synergy assuring rich redox reactions, deposition of selenium on the surface of NiOnanotubes, high conductivity, great specific area and furthermore, rapid ion diffusion distance, witheffective transport pathway of electrons and electrolyte ions. The existence of selenium vacancies andversatile synthesis of NiSe architectures would open up a wide range of applications in energy storageand conversion applications including supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, and batteries.
Phase transition kinetics and surface binding states of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite
Rajendra Kumar, G.,Dennyson Savariraj, A.,Karthick, S. N.,Selvam, S.,Balamuralitharan, B.,Kim, Hee-Je,Viswanathan, K. K.,Vijaykumar, M.,Prabakar, Kandasamy The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.18 No.10
<P>We have presented a detailed analysis of the phase transition kinetics and binding energy states of solution processed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) thin films prepared at ambient conditions and annealed at different elevated temperatures. It is the processing temperature and environmental conditions that predominantly control the crystal structure and surface morphology of MAPbI3 thin films. The structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic occurs at 60 degrees C with a 30 minute annealing time while the 10 minute annealed films posses a tetragonal crystal structure. The transformed phase is greatly intact even at the higher annealing temperature of 150 degrees C and after a time of 2 hours. The charge transfer interaction between the Pb 4f and I 3d oxidation states is quantified using XPS.</P>