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Lateral Crushing Properties of Non-Woven Kenaf (Mat)- Reinforced Epoxy Composite Hexagonal Tubes
Munir Faraj Almbrouk Alkbir,Mohd Sapuan b. Salit,Nuraini bt. Abdul Aziz,Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.7
The current study investigated the energy absorption capability and load carrying capacity of non-woven natural kenaf fiber (mat)/ epoxy–hexagonal composite tubes subjected to a lateral quasi-static crushing test. The hexagonal composite tubes were manufactured by the hand lay-up technique. Natural non-woven kenaf (mat) was chosen as reinforcement due to low cost, low specific weight, easy processing, no need for tooling when dealing with the raw material, and no skin irritation and epoxy resin was used as the matrix to manufacture three configurations of β=40o, β=50o and β=60o of natural non-woven kenaf (mat)/epoxy laminate. The effects of hexagonal angles, supporting plate inside the tubes, and failure modes were studied by a lateral compression test. The crashworthiness of the tubes was evaluated by analysis of the specific energy absorption in quasi-static lateral compression. Specific energy absorption (SEA) was obtained from the load–displacement curve during testing. The failure mode of the tubes was analyzed from high-resolution photographs. Overall, the tube with β=40o had the best crashworthiness among the tubes. Furthermore, the results showed that the tubes with supporting plates have better specific energy absorption for all tested specimens and exhibited approximately 69% better crashworthiness than the non-supporting ones. The results also demonstrated that all specimens failed by the longitudinal failure mode.
R.F Sputtering 법으로 증착한 ITO 박막의 미세구조와 전기ㆍ광학적 특성
전영희(Y.H. Jung),이은수(E.S. Lee),B. Munir,R.A. Wibowo,김규호(K.H. Kim) 한국표면공학회 2005 한국표면공학회지 Vol.38 No.4
Highly conductive and transparent in the visible region tin-doped indium oxide(ITO) thin films were deposited on Corning glass by r.f sputtering. To achieve high transmittance and low resistivity, we examined various parameters such as r.f power and deposition time. The films crystallinity shifted from (222) to (400) and (440) orientation as deposition time and r.f power increased. Surface roughness RMS value increased proportionally with deposition time. The lowest resistivity was 5.36 × 10<SUP>-4</SUP> Ωㆍ㎝ at 750 ㎚ thickness, 200℃ substrate temperature and 125 w r.f power. All of the films showed over 85% transmittance in the visible wavelength range.