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- 저자 : Arunasalam, P. (검색결과 5 건)
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Mageswaran Arunasalam,Zulkifl le B. Leman,B. T. Hang Tuah B. Baharudin,Shamsuddin B. Sulaiman,Charles Santhakumar Anthony Das 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.2
In surface mount technology, development toward green manufacturing by converting all leaded soldering processes to lead free soldering process has created a lot of challenges mainly in wave soldering process which led to copper dissolution to assemble board causing it to be scrapped if not contained. The paper aims to propose a workable and practical solution to reduce extensive copper dissolution in assemble board and expand the cycle of allowable rework in assemble board. The work was carried out using Six Sigma methodology with defining the problem and research goals, measure the details in various aspects of current process, analyse data to identify potential root cause in a process, improve the process and control the process through experimental approaches. Main factors contributing to copper dissolution were identified and analysed. Total of five factors were identified namely the printed circuit board (PCB) finishing and copper layer construction in PCB, component terminal and led finishing, soldering flux usage and solder alloy composition, environment control with the use of Nitrogen tunnelling and the last factor was on the process itself which was from the in-contact process with molten turbulence soldering or non-contact process with intrusive soldering. Combined controlled factors contributing to minimization of copper dissolution by reducing the direct contact time to molten solder with optimize solder alloy composition and process control was formulated. An increase of sixty percentage of boards with lower copper dissolution going through the lead free wave soldering and rework soldering were obtained, another forty percent reduction of board being scrapped were also obtained with boards going through the molten solder up to triple times.
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Saponins from Edible Legumes: Chemistry, Processing, and Health Benefits
John Shi,Konesh Arunasalam,David Yeung,Yukio Kakuda,Gauri Mittal,Yueming Jiang 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.1
Demand for bean products is growing because of the presence of several health-promoting components in edible bean products such as saponins. Saponins are naturally occurring compound, which are widely distributed in all cells of legume plants. Saponins, which derive their name from their ability to form stable, soaplike foams in aqueous solutions, constitute a complex and chemically diverse group of compounds. In chemical terms, saponins contain a carbohydrate moiety attached to a triterpenoid or steroids. Saponins are attracting considerable interest as a result of their diverse properties, both deleterious and beneficial. Clinical studies have suggested that these health-promoting components, saponins, affect the immune system in ways that help to protect the human body against cancers, and also lower cholesterol levels. Saponins decrease blood lipids, lower cancer risks and lower blood glucose response. A high saponin diet can be used in the inhibition of dental caries and platelet aggregation, in the treatment of hypercalciuria in humans, and as an antidote against acute lead poisoning. In epidemiological studies, saponins have been shown to have an inverse relationship with the incidence of renal stones. Thermal processing such as canning is the typical method to process beans. The study reviews the effect of thermal processing on the characteristics and stability of saponins in canned bean products. Saponins are thermal sensitive. During soaking and blanching, portions of saponins are dissolved in water and lost in the soaking, washing and blanching liquors. An optimum thermal process can increase the stability and maintain the saponins in canned bean products, which is useful for assisting the food industry to improve thermal processing technology and enhance bean product quality.
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( Wadu Arachchige Dharshika Lakmali Amarasiri ),( Arunasalam Pathmeswaran ),( Arjuna Priyadharshin De Silva ),( Anuradha Supun Dassanayake ),( Channa Dhammika Ranasinha ),( Hithanadura Janaka De Silva 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.3
Background/Aims Asthmatics have abnormal esophageal motility and increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The contribution of gastric motility is less studied. We studied gastric myoelectrical activity, gastric emptying (GE) and their association with GERD symptoms and vagal function in adult asthmatics. Methods Thirty mild, stable asthmatics and 30 healthy controls underwent real-time ultrasonography and 1 hour pre- and post prandial cutaneous electrogastrography, following a test meal (480 kcal, 60% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 20% fat and 200 mL water). The percentage of normal slow waves and arrhythmias, dominant frequency and power, frequency of antral contractions, gastric emptying rate (GER) and antral motility index (MI) was calculated. Twenty-seven asthmatics underwent gastroscopy and in all subjects GERD symptoms were assessed by a validated questionnaire. Vagal function parameters were correlated with gastric motility parameters. Results The asthmatics (37% male; 34.8 ± 8.4 years) and controls (50% male; 30.9 ± 7.7 years) were comparable. None had endoscopic gastric pathological changes. Twenty asthmatics described GERD symptoms. Twenty-two (73.3%) asthmatics showed a hypervagal response. Compared to controls, asthmatics had delayed GER and lower MI, lower percentage of normal gastric slow waves, more gastric dysrythmias and failed to increase the post-prandial dominant power. There was no correlation of GE and cutaneous electrogastrography parameters with presence of GERD symptoms or with vagal function. Conclusions Asthmatics showed abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity, delayed GE and antral hypomotility in response to a solid meal compared to controls. There was no association with vagal function or GERD symptom status. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 19:355-365)
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Hassan, M.R.A.,Azid, I.A.,Ramasamy, M.,Kadesan, J.,Seetharamu, K.N.,Kwan, A.S.K.,Arunasalam, P. Techno-Press 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.35 No.1
In this paper, the mass optimization of four bar linkages is carried out using genetic algorithms (GA) with single and dual constraints. The single constraint of bending stress and the dual constraints of bending and buckling stresses are imposed. From the movement response of the bar linkage mechanism, the analysis of the mechanism is developed using the combination of kinematics, kinetics, and finite element analysis (FEA). A penalty-based transformation technique is used to convert the constrained problem into an unconstrained one. Lastly, a detailed comparison on the effect of single constraint and of dual constraints is presented.
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M.R.A. Hassan,I.A. Azid,M. Ramasamy,J. Kadesan,K.N. Seetharamu,A.S.K. Kwan,P. Arunasalam 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.35 No.1
In this paper, the mass optimization of four bar linkages is carried out using genetic algorithms (GA) with single and dual constraints. The single constraint of bending stress and the dual constraints of bending and buckling stresses are imposed. From the movement response of the bar linkage mechanism, the analysis of the mechanism is developed using the combination of kinematics, kinetics, and finite element analysis (FEA). A penalty-based transformation technique is used to convert the constrained problem into an unconstrained one. Lastly, a detailed comparison on the effect of single constraint and of dual constraints is presented.
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