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Does Sarcopenia Increase the Risk for Fresh Vertebral Fragility Fractures?: A Case-Control Study
Ashish Anand,Ajoy Prasad Shetty,K. R. Renjith,Sri Vijay Anand K. S.,Rishi Mugesh Kanna,Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.1
Study Design: Case-control study. Purpose: Sarcopenia is an age associated condition characterized by decrease in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. We aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia increased the risk of vertebral fragility fractures among the elderly. Overview of Literature: Initial reports on sarcopenia suggest its contribution to the development of vertebral fragility fractures. However, recent studies showed contradictory findings. Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients with vertebral fragility fractures and matched controls without fractures were evaluated for sarcopenia, T-score, body mass index, and presence of preexisting vertebral fractures. Sarcopenia was diagnosed as total psoas cross-sectional area (TPA) 2 standard deviations below normative value from normal young adults and decreased handgrip strength (26 kg for men and 18 kg for women). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the fresh fracture occurrence as the dependent variable. Results: Sarcopenia was confirmed in 29.4% and 7.8% of cases and controls (p=0.005), respectively; 56.8% and 13.7% of cases and controls had previous vertebral fractures. Sarcopenia prevalence was greater among those with previous fractures (38% vs. 7.6%; odds ratio, 7.76; p<0.001). TPA was lower among the cases (1,278 mm2 vs. 1,569 mm2, p=0.001) and those with previous fractures (1,168 mm2 vs. 1,563 mm2, p<0.001). Handgrip strength was greater among those without previous fractures (19.6 kg vs. 16.3 kg, p=0.05). In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was not identified as a significant predictor of fresh fractures whereas previous fractures and lower T-score were found to be significant. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is not an independent risk factor for fresh vertebral fragility fractures in the elderly.
A Review of Energy-Efficient Secured Routing Algorithm for IoT-Enabled Smart Agricultural Systems
Kumar C. Senthil,Anand R. Vijay 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.3
Purpose Food security is the most concerning term nowadays with the increase in world population. The increase in population leads to the conversion of farmland into houses, and unpredictable natural disasters bring down the production of food. This might have increased the usage of smart agriculture with the employment of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data solutions. Methods Traditional agriculture methods are being migrated by requiring smart IoT technologies. Monitoring, maintenance performance, and cost are controlled using modern technologies. In modern agriculture, aerial imagery and satellites play a significant role. The agriculture-related information, such as water level, soil nutrition levels, soil PH, humidity, and temperature, is measured via an accurate agriculture sensor monitoring network in which the computers and phones remotely monitor their crop, and the details are updated to the farmers. This smart agriculture might have increased productivity and operational efficiency to a great extent. The IoT combines most of the traditional technologies and thus increases productivity. Results In this paper, we present the literature review of an IoT-based energy-efficient secured routing protocol applied to the smart agriculture field. We have taken papers from different publishers like IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, and others and reviewed their limitations and advantages. The reviewed papers include protocols such as MAC, cross-layer, LEACH, multihop, and artificial intelligence (AI). Conclusions This study will help guide the researchers to contribute their works to this most trending and needed topic to enhance the productivity and energy efficiency of agricultural products securely for a sustainable future.