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Flowering and Photosynthetic Responses of Phalaenopsis under Elevated CO₂ and Nutrient Supply
Ah Ram Cho,Sun Hee Choi,Yoon Jin Kim 한국원예학회 2020 원예과학기술지 Vol.38 No.5
The demand for phalaenopsis has been increasing in areas including Thailand, Japan, and the United States. Increasing atmospheric CO₂ during the night improves the productivity and quality of phalaenopsis flowers. Because nutrient requirements change under conditions of elevated CO₂, the interactive effects of CO₂ enrichment and nutrient supply require particular attention. Our studyaimed to discover the effect of nutrient treatments on phalaenopsis using electrical conductivity (EC) when applying CO₂ in the greenhouse. We investigated the flowering and photosynthetic responses of Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ and ‘Jupiter’ in response to EC-based nutrients supplied with 1.0 (control) and 2.0 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> and two levels of ambient and elevated CO₂ (≈ 650 μ㏖·㏖<SUP>-1</SUP> CO₂) for a period of 21 weeks of treatment (WOT). A longer first flower spike was produced in the plants exposed to EC 2.0 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> than in those exposed to EC 1.0 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> under elevated CO₂, regardless of the phalaenopsis cultivar. Responses to CO₂ and EC in the second flower spike length varied among phalaenopsis cultivars during 0 to 18 WOT; however, maximum second spike length was obtained with EC 2.0 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> under elevated CO₂ at 21 WOT in ‘Jupiter’. More visible flower buds and lateral branches were observed in plants exposed to EC 2.0 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> under elevated CO₂. The net CO₂ assimilation rate showed significance with CO₂ treatment, regardless of phalaenopsis cultivar. The most flowers were produced in the plants exposed to EC 2.0 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> under ambient CO₂ in both phalaenopsis cultivars, but water use efficiency, as well as potential yield, were the highest in plants exposed to EC 2.0 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> under elevated CO₂. We conclude that ≈ 650 μ㏖·㏖<SUP>-1</SUP> CO₂ increased the flowering quality of phalaenopsis and recommend adjusting the nutrient concentration with an EC of 2.0 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP>.
Cho, Ah Ram,Song, Su Jung,Chung, Sun Woo,Kim, Yoon Jin Elsevier 2019 Scientia horticulturae Vol.247 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the flowering and photosynthetic responses of <I>Phalaenopsis</I> Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ to CO<SUB>2</SUB> enrichment and light level. Potted plants at the flowering stage were supplied with low light level (LL; 90 ± 10 μmol m<SUP>−2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>) or high light level (HL; 260 ± 40 μmol m<SUP>−2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>) using three−wave cool white fluorescent lamps and metal halide lamp and different levels of CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Carbon dioxide was supplied to the plants, which perform crassulacean acid metabolism, during their dark period at three concentrations: 400 (control), 800, and 1200 μmol mol<SUP>−1</SUP> CO<SUB>2</SUB>. More flowers and lateral branches were produced by plants grown under HL than the control plants grown under LL, and there were more visible floral buds in the plants grown under HL than those grown LL, regardless of CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration. Net CO<SUB>2</SUB> assimilation rate was higher in plants exposed to 800 and 1200 μmol mol<SUP>−1</SUP> CO<SUB>2</SUB> under LL and 1200 μmol mol<SUP>−1</SUP> CO<SUB>2</SUB> than the control plants under LL and HL. We conclude that photosynthesis is enhanced in CO<SUB>2</SUB>-enriched plants, and lateral branch and floral bud production are maximized at the high light level used here in <I>Phalaenopsis</I> Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Higher CO<SUB>2</SUB> under higher light level produced more floral bud and lateral branch. </LI> <LI> Higher CO<SUB>2</SUB> under higher light level fastened flowering without detrimental effects. </LI> <LI> Higher CO<SUB>2</SUB> with low or high light level increased net CO<SUB>2</SUB> assimilation rate. </LI> <LI> High-quality <I>Phalaenopsis</I> could be produced by surplus CO<SUB>2</SUB> under higher light. </LI> </UL> </P>