A Situational Assessment of Children Living with HIV and AIDS in Bangalore

Christy Abraham Research Institute of Asian Women Sookmyung Women' 2005 Asian Women Vol.21 No.-

In its efforts to combat the HIV and AIDS epidemic in India, the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) in line with Government's efforts has developed an integrated work plan on combating the disease. NACO and the State AIDS Control Societies' primary activity targeting children has been prevention of mother-to-child transmission, which involves administering a short course of antiretroviral drugs to mother and newborn that greatly reduces the risk of HIV transmission during pregnancy and child birth. The most vulnerable group of the population, the HIV positive children and children who are now orphans due to the death of one or both of their parents from AIDS, have received little attention both in terms of practical programs and in sector plans. This is much so because the number of AIDS orphans in the country is not known let alone their living conditions and their needs as other children. This paper assesses the situation of 100 children who are living with HIV and AIDS and who are now orphans due to the death of one or both of their parents from AIDS and the concerns and challeges of positive mothers in Bangalore, India. While 63 children live with their families 36 positive children live in one of the Positive Children's Homes in Bangalore. Out of the 64 positive children, 30 children are paternal orphans, three children are maternal orphans, and nine children are double orphans. Thirteen children are living with their positive parents and the double orphans live with their extended families. The information was gathered in individual therapy sessions, group discussions, and family support sessions with positive children and widows. Out of the 36 Positive Children in the institution, 26 are double orphans and 10 children are either maternal orphans or paternal orphans. The paper also gives an insight on how a Family Support Network, MILANA in Bangalore, India, is addressing and coping with the varied issues and problems faced by orphans and their families. The assessment suggests the need to map out the children orphaned by AIDS, so as to get reliable data on the total number of children orphaned by AIDS, and to frame policies for children orphaned by AIDS, taking into consideration not only the educational, health, and nutritional aspects but also the psycho social and economic aspects.

Stabilization of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A by increasing the residual packing

Abraham1, Tajo,Pil Pack1, Seung,Je Yoo, Young Taylor Francis 2005 Biocatalysis and biotransformation Vol.23 No.3

<P>Introduction of well-packed residues to the interior of a protein structure could be considered as a stabilization strategy since the reduction of buried cavities might stabilize protein structure. In this study, the less-packed residues with no water-contact were selected as target sites for increasing residual packing. When Lipase A from Bacillus subtilis (179 amino acids) was used as a model system, 43 less-packed residues were initially considered by analyzing their residual packing value and residual exposure ratio. Among the 43 residues, small amino acids such as GLY and ALA were chosen as target sites. Packing increases of ALA to VAL and GLY to ALA were estimated, by molecular modeling, to give 0.5368∼⃒0.7433  kcal mol −1 stabilization. Mutants of Lipase A such as A38V, A75V, G80A, A105V A146V, and G172A were obtained via protein engineering. Thermostability assays revealed that A38V, G80A and G172V were the most stable mutants. This procedure for selecting the target residues for improved thermostability of Lipase A could be applied for improving the thermostability of other proteins and enzymes.</P>

Role of colour and volatile in foraging behaviour of honeybee Apis cerana on Jacquemontia pentanthos

Anitha Annamma Abraham,Abraham Verghese,Subramanyam Muthangi 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4

Floral visual and olfactory cues guide the insect visitors to the source of reward. This work addresses one such interaction between honeybee Apis cerana and a garden climber Jacquemontia pentanthos. Field studies have indicated that A. cerana showed preference to J. pentanthos over the other flowering plants during its visits for foraging. The objectives of the work is to understand the role of colour and scent in the attraction of Apis cerana to the host plant. Bioassays performed emphasized the involvement of colour and volatiles for the visits of A. cerana. Petals show high reflectance to ultraviolet light with ultraviolet absorbing regions in the centre which serve as a nectar guide. Gas chromatography linked electroanntenogram detector (GC-EAD) showed antennal response to the floral volatile of J. pentanthos identified as sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene. Behavioural studies have shown similar preference to β- caryophyllene as that of α-humulene. Our studies suggest an interplay of colour and volatiles cues for A. cerana visitation to Jacquemontia flowers and these findings are further supported by behavioural studies on.

Resurrection and Corporality

( Abraham Van De Beek ) 한국복음주의조직신학회 2003 조직신학연구 Vol.2 No.-

Wind-gust Compensation Algorithm based on High-gain Residual Observer to Control a Quadrotor Aircraft: Real-time Verification Task at Fixed Point

Abraham Efraim Rodríguez-Mata,Ivan González-Hernández,Jesus Gabriel Rangel-Peraza,Sergio Salazar,Rogelio Lozano Leal 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.2

Wind is considered a strong disturbance for quadrotor aircrafts (UAV) when an outdoor task at a fixed point is carried out. The effect of wind produces a distortion on the attitude of the vehicle which is reflected on undesired longitudinal movements. This paper addresses a real-time implementation and design of a robust embedded control-observer based on a type high-gain observer algorithm for on-line estimation and compensation of external disturbances produced by wind gusts on an autonomous quadrotor aircraft. A real-time experimental implementation of embedded Residual High Gain algorithm control is proposed in order to eliminate the effects of real perturbations in the hover position of the UAV. A Lyapunov function was used to practical stability analysis the system. Also numerical simulations were carried out to estimate wind behavior by the use of Drydel mathematical wind model. The main contribution of this work is the implementation of a Residual High Gain Observer in an outdoor real-time experiment in presence of real wind gusts perturbations. The proposed embedded algorithm control improves the stabilization of an UAV in the presence of real wind gusts with average of 8 m/s. The proposed algorithm improved the UAV behavior as shown by the GPS position experimental results, decreasing the wind effect on the translational movement of the aircraft.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS BY PROPERTIES OF PARTIAL MOMENTS

Abraham, B.,Nair, N. Unnikrishnan,Sankaran, P.G. The Korean Statistical Society 2007 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.36 No.3

In this paper we present characterizations of the Pareto, Lomax, exponential and beta models by some properties of their $r^{th}$ partial moment defined as ${\alpha}_r(t)=E[(X-t)^+]^r$, where $(X-t)^+ = max(X-t,0)$. Given the partial moments at a few truncation points, these results enable us to calculate the moments at many other points.

Some Data for Crossflow Pressure Drop in Tube Banks that Contain 3/4 Inch ( 0.0191 m ) Integral Low-Finned Tubes with 27 Fins per Inch ( 1063 Fins/m )

Abraham L. Yarden,Antoni Kaliniecki 대한기계학회 1993 International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Vol.3 No.1

The Identity and Mission of the Church

( Abraham Van De Beek ) 한국복음주의조직신학회 2003 조직신학연구 Vol.2 No.-

Jesus and the Fourth Servant Song

Abraham Sung-Ho Oh(오성호) 한국신학정보연구원 2018 Canon&Culture Vol.12 No.2

이 논문은 제4 종의 노래가 그리스도에 대한 예언인지 혹은 모형론인지를 결정하기 위하여 세 가지 영역을 조사한다. 첫째, 이 논문은 현재 제시된 대로의 언어의 평이한 의미로서의 제4 종의 노래의 이해를 조사한다. 둘째, 그것은 종과 그리스도 사이의 관계에 대한 신약의 이해를 조사한다. 셋째, 그것은 종종 도전되는 바, 타인을 위한 역할의 관점에서 종과 그리스도 사이의 신학적 연속성을 추가로 숙고한다. 역사적 재구성은 불충분한 자료로 인하여 불확실한 반면에 본문의 정경적 독법은 이사야서의 문맥 속에서의 종말론적 읽기를 제안한다. 본문의 평이한 의미는 종의 죽음에 의한 대리 속죄를 가리킨다. 신약에서의 제4종의 노래에 대한 직접적 인용들 및 예수님 자신의 암시는 신약 저자들은 물론 예수님은 예수님 자신이 제4 종의 노래의 종을 성취하며 따라서 제4종의 노래는 그리스도 사건을 예조한다고 생각하고 있음을 보여준다. 역사적 해석에 있어서는 종과 그리스도의 대리 개념(Stellvertretung) 사이에 신학적 상위성이 있을지 모른다. 정경적 접근에서는 종과 그리스도는 대리의 개념에서 연속적이므로 종과 그리스도는 일치된다. 그들 모두는 대리적 죽음이라는 점에서 배타적 대리이며, 그들 모두는 각각 이사야서와 신약에 있어서 언약 백성들의 대표들이라는 점에서 포함적 대리이다. 그러므로 역사적 접근들에서는 종은 그리스도의 모형이며, 그 둘은 다른 정체성이지만, 정경적 해석에서는 종은 그리스도와 동일시된다. 고로 제4종의 노래는 신약의 그리스도에서 완전한 성취를 기다리는 직접적 예언이라고 이해된다. 종이 그의 죽음으로 가져오는 대리적 속죄는 그리스도 이외의 어떤 다른 인간에게 적용되거나 성취될 수 없다. This article has examined three areas to decide whether the fourth Servant Song (SS4) is a prophecy for Christ or a typology. First, it examined the understanding of the SS4 especially as presented in the plain sense of the language and in the context of the book of Isaiah. Second, it investigated the NT’s understanding of the relation between the Servant and Christ. Third, it further elaborates the often-challenged theological continuity between the Servant and Christ in respect of their roles for others. While historical reconstruction is not convincing due to insufficient historical data, the canonical reading of the text suggests an eschatological reading in the context of the book of Isaiah. The plain sense of the text indicates the vicarious atonement by the death of the Servant. Direct quotations of, and Jesus’ own allusions to, the SS4 in the NT show that Jesus as well as the NT writers thought that Jesus (Himself) fulfills the Servant of the SS4 and so the SS4 prefigures the Christ event. There may be theological disparity between the vicariousness (Stellvertretung) concepts of the Servant and Christ in historical interpretation; in a canonical approach, the Servant is identified with Christ, as the Servant and Christ are continuous in terms of Stellvertretung: both of them are exclusive place-taking in respect to the vicarious death; both of them are inclusive place-taking as both of them are representatives of the Covenant people in the book of Isaiah and the NT respectively. Therefore, in historical approaches, the Servant may be a type of Christ, as the two have different identities; in canonical interpretation, the Servant is identified with Christ, so the SS4 is understood as a direct prophecy, awaiting its complete fulfillment at Christ of the NT. The vicarious atonement the Servant brings by his death cannot be applied to, and fulfilled by, any other human except Christ.

Molecular Characterization of Filenchus cylindricus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Niblack & Bernard, 1985 (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) from Korea, with Comments on Its Morphology

Abraham Okki Mwamula,Yiseul Kim,김영호,이호욱,김영호,이동운 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.4

Filenchus cylindricus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Niblack & Bernard, 1985 was reported from the sandy rhizospheric soils of Poa pratensis and for the first time in Korea. Females and males are molecularly characterized and morphological and morphometric data supplied. Identification was made using an integrative approach considering morphological characteristics and inferences drawn from the analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of rRNA partial sequences. Females and males from Korea conform to the type descriptions and also to subsequent species descriptions from Iowa and Colorado USA, Sudan and Pakistan. Despite the close morphological and morphometric similarities with F. thornei (Andrássy, 1954) Andrássy, 1963, the two species can be adequately differentiated based on molecular data inference.