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Choi, Yohan,Hosseindoust, Abdolreza,Goel, Akshat,Lee, Suhyup,Jha, Pawan Kumar,Kwon, Ill Kyong,Chae, Byung-Jo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.1
Objective: In the present study, role of increasing levels of Ecklonia cava (seaweed) supplementation in diets was investigated on growth performance, coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, serum immunoglobulins, cecal microflora and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs. Methods: A total of 200 weaned pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc; initial body weight $7.08{\pm}0.15kg$) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of body weight. There were 5 replicate pens in each treatment including 10 pigs of each. Treatments were divided by dietary Ecklonia cava supplementation levels (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.15%) in growing-finishing diets. There were 2 diet formulation phases throughout the experiment. The pigs were offered the diets ad libitum for the entire period of experiment in meal form. Results: The pigs fed with increasing dietary concentrations of Ecklonia cava had linear increase (p<0.05) in the overall average daily gain, however, there were no significant differences in gain to feed ratio, CTTAD of dry matter and crude protein at both phase I and phase II. Digestibility of gross energy was linearly improved (p<0.05) in phase II. At day 28, pigs fed Ecklonia cava had greater (linear, p<0.05) Lactobacillus spp., fewer Escherichia coli (E. coli) spp. (linear, p<0.05) and a tendency to have fewer cecal Clostridium spp. (p = 0.077). The total anaerobic bacteria were not affected with supplementation of Ecklonia cava in diets. Polynomial contrasts analysis revealed that villus height of the ileum exhibited a linear increase (p<0.05) in response with the increase in the level of dietary Ecklonia cava. However, villus height of duodenum and jejunum, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio of different segments of the intestine were not affected. Conclusion: The results suggest that Ecklonia cava had beneficial effects on the growth performance, cecal microflora, and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs.
Association of Microbial Dysbiosis with Gallbladder Diseases Identified by Bile Microbiome Profiling
Choi Seong Ji,Kim Yeseul,Jeon Jehyun,Gwak Ho-Jin,Kim Mimi,Kang Kyojin,Kim Yohan,Jeong Jaemin,Jung Yun Kyung,Lee Kyeong Geun,Choi Ho Soon,Jung Dong-Hwan,Lee Sung-Gyu,Lee Yangsoon,Shin Su-Jin,Jang Kiseo 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.28
Background: Cholecystitis is an important risk factor for gallbladder cancer, but the bile microbiome and its association with gallbladder disease has not been investigated fully. We aimed to analyze the bile microbiome in normal conditions, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer, and to identify candidate bacteria that play an important role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Methods: We performed metagenome sequencing on bile samples of 10 healthy individuals, 10 patients with chronic cholecystitis, and 5 patients with gallbladder cancer, and compared the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of the participants. Results: No significant bacterial signal was identified in the normal bile. The predominant dysbiotic bacteria in both chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer were those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Klebsiella increased significantly in the order of normal, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer. Patients with chronic cholecystitis and dysbiotic microbiome patterns had larger gallstones and showed marked epithelial atypia, which are considered as precancerous conditions. Conclusion: We investigated the bile microbiome in normal, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder cancer. We suggest possible roles of Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella, in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Our findings reveal a possible link between a dysbiotic bile microbiome and the development of chronic calculous cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer.
Klotho : Expression and Regulation at the Maternal-Conceptus Interface in Pigs
Yohan Choi,Heewon Seo,Jangsoo Shim,Sang-Hwan Hyun,Eunsong Lee,Hakhyun Ka 한국수정란이식학회 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Klotho (KL) is a single transmembrane protein composed of KL1 and KL2 repeats possessing β-glucuronidase activity and maintains calcium homeostasis in physiological state. It has been implicated in pigs that calcium is important for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and our previous study has shown that transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6), a calcium ion transporter, is predominantly expressed in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy in pigs. However, expression and function of KL in the uterine endometrium has not been determined in pigs. Thus, the present study determined expression and regulation of KL in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of KL mRNA decreased between Days 12 to 15 of the estrous cycle, and its expression showed a biphasic manner during pregnancy. KL mRNA was expressed in conceptuses and in chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. Explant culture study showed that expression levels of KL were not affected by treatment of steroid hormones or interleukin-1beta during the implantation period. Furthermore, levels of KL mRNA in the uterine endometrium from gilts carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)- derived embryos were significantly lower than those from gilts carrying natural mating-derived embryos on Day 12 of pregnancy. These results exhibited that KL was expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface in a pregnancy statusand stage-specific manner, and its expression was affected by SCNT procedure, suggesting that KL may play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.
Evaluation of high nutrient diets on litter performance of heat-stressed lactating sows
Choi, Yohan,Hosseindoust, Abdolreza,Shim, YoungHo,Kim, Minju,Kumar, Alip,Oh, Seungmin,Kim, YoungHwa,Chae, Byung-Jo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.11
Objective: The present study investigated the litter performance of multiparous sows fed 3% and 6% densified diets at farrowing to weaning during summer with mean maximum room temperature of $30.5^{\circ}C$. Methods: A total of 60 crossbred multiparous sows were allotted to one of three treatments based on body weight according to a completely randomized design. Three different nutrient levels based on NRC were applied as standard diet (ST; metabolizable energy, 3,300 kcal/kg), high nutrient level 1 (HE1; ST+3% higher energy and 16.59% protein) and high nutrient level 2 (HE2; ST+6% higher energy and 17.04% protein). Results: There was no variation in the body weight change. However, backfat thickness change tended to reduce in HE1 in comparison to ST treatment. Dietary treatments had no effects on feed intake, daily energy intake and weaning-to-estrus interval in lactating sows. Litter size, litter weight at weaning and average daily gain of piglets were significantly greater in sows in HE1 compared with ST, however, no difference was observed between HE2 and ST. Increasing the nutrient levels had no effects on the blood urea nitrogen, glucose, triglyceride, and creatinine at post-farrowing and weaning time. The concentration of follicle stimulating hormone, cortisol and insulin were not affected by dietary treatments either in post-farrowing or weaning time. The concentration of blood luteinizing hormone of sows in ST treatment was numerically less than sows in HE2 treatment at weaning. Milk and colostrum compositions such as protein, fat and lactose were not affected by the treatments. Conclusion: An energy level of 3,400 kcal/kg (14.23 MJ/kg) with 166 g/kg crude protein is suggested as the optimal level of dietary nutrients for heat stressed lactating sows with significant beneficial effects on litter size.
Yohan Choi(최요한) 한국노동연구원 2020 노동정책연구 Vol.20 No.1
본 연구는 우리나라를 대상으로 유기계약(temporary contract)과 무기계약(permanent contract) 간의 한계임금분포에 따른 임금격차를 추정하였다. 이를 위하여, 시간당 임금의 로그값과 계약유형 간의 관계를 패널자료와 개인의 고정효과를 통제한 무조건부 분위 회귀분석을 사용하여 추정하였다. 남성과 여성을 구분하여 분석하였으며, 유기계약을 1년 이상 유기계약, 1년 미만 유기계약, 그리고 일용계약의 세 배타적 범주들로 나누어 추가적인 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 유기계약이 무기계약에 비해서 임금페널티를 발생시키고 또한 이 임금페널티는 주로 저임금 근로자들에게 집중되어 있다는 것을 발견하였으며, 또한 특정한 유기계약 형태를 가진 저임금 근로자들은 매우 높은 임금페널티를 받는 것으로 나타났다. This study examines the wage difference between temporary and permanent contracts across the marginal wage distribution in South Korea. For this, I estimate the relationship between the log value of hourly wage and contract types using Korean panel data and unconditional quantile regression with individual fixed-effects. I analyze men and women separately and carry out additional analyses by classifying temporary contracts into three exclusive categories : temporary contracts of one year or more, temporary contracts of less than one year, and casual contracts. The results show that temporary contracts incur a wage penalty relative to permanent contracts and this wage penalty is largely concentrated on low-wage workers, and also that low-wage workers with specific forms of temporary contracts appear to receive a severe wage penalty.
Klotho : Expression and Regulation at the Maternal-Conceptus Interface in Pigs
Choi, Yohan,Seo, Heewon,Shim, Jangsoo,Hyun, Sang-Hwan,Lee, Eunsong,Ka, Hakhyun The Korean Society of Embryo Transfer 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Klotho (KL) is a single transmembrane protein composed of KL1 and KL2 repeats possessing ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity and maintains calcium homeostasis in physiological state. It has been implicated in pigs that calcium is important for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and our previous study has shown that transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6), a calcium ion transporter, is predominantly expressed in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy in pigs. However, expression and function of KL in the uterine endometrium has not been determined in pigs. Thus, the present study determined expression and regulation of KL in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of KL mRNA decreased between Days 12 to 15 of the estrous cycle, and its expression showed a biphasic manner during pregnancy. KL mRNA was expressed in conceptuses and in chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. Explant culture study showed that expression levels of KL were not affected by treatment of steroid hormones or interleukin-1beta during the implantation period. Furthermore, levels of KL mRNA in the uterine endometrium from gilts carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos were significantly lower than those from gilts carrying natural mating-derived embryos on Day 12 of pregnancy. These results exhibited that KL was expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface in a pregnancy status- and stage-specific manner, and its expression was affected by SCNT procedure, suggesting that KL may play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.