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植物遺體에 基礎한 新石器時代 農耕 에 대한 觀點의 再檢討
이경아(Lee Gyoung Ah)(李炅娥) 한국신석기학회 2005 한국신석기연구 Vol.- No.10
본고는 필자가 지금까지 분석한 식물유존체 자료에 기초하여 신석기시대 생계상 및 농경에 대한 관점을 재점토한 것이다. 필자가 분석한 자료는 전기의 세죽리, 비봉리유적, 중기와 동삼동, 후기의 용유도와 상촌리유적에서 수집되었다. 세축리 자료는 명아주속을 중심으로 한 잡초종자로 인간 거주지 주변에서 흔한 종들이다. 당시 주민들이 주변의 야생식물자원을 관리하였을 가능성이 있다. 비봉리에서는 전기층에서 다량의 도토리와 함께 조 1 립이 출토되었다. 동삼동 자료는 조와 기장이 전체 종자의 45%를 차지하며 나머지는 명아주 위주의 일년생 잡초종자이다. 상촌리 자료에서는 조와 기장의 비중이 더욱 커지고 잡초에서는 가장족이 명아주속을 대체한다. 반면 서해안의 용유도 유적에서는 어떠한 재배종 유체도 검출되지 않았다. 현재까지 분석된 자료로 볼 때 신석기시대의 식물 이용상은 지역별, 유적 특성별로 차이가 있다. 동남부지역의 경우 조와 기장이 재배되는 시점이 중부지역 즐문토기의 확산기와 대략 일치하며, 주거와 자원 이용 양상 역시 변화한다. 만약 비봉리 출토 조의 연대가 전기로 밝혀지면 작물 및 재배기술이 다른 문화현상에 앞서 확산되었음을 의미한다. 기존 자원 이용 계획에 큰 저해가 되지 않는다면 조, 기장 같은 재배종은 쉽게 수용될 수 있다. 조와 기장의 확산에서 지역별 다양성을 고려하여야 한다. 중서부 도서의 신석기유적에서는 경작의 흔적이 전혀 발견되지 않았기 때문이다. 한반도 전역의 다양한 생계경제상을 이해하기 위해서는 체계적인 식물유체 분석이 이루어지지 않은 지역과 시기에 대한 연구가 절실히 요구된다. 한반도의 선사시대유적에서 발견된 작물은 다른 지역에서 재배화가 일어난 후 들어왔으므로 한반도는 작물의 기원상 이차적 지역에 속한다. 또한 작물 재배가 이루어진 한반도 신석기시대의 경제상은 집약적 농경 단계 이전의 저차원 식량생산단계로 볼 수 있다. This paper tries to review briefly the perspectives on Korean Neolithic subsistence and agriculture based on archaeobotanical remains which I have examined. My samples were collected from Sejuk-ri and Bibong-ri sites of early Neolithic. Dongsam-dong site of middle Neolithic. and Sangchon-ri and Yongyu-do site of late Neolithic. Sejuk-ri samples are mainly weed seeds of anthropogenic taxa in which Chenopodium species are most abundant. which indicates the possibility of the management of surrounding wild plant resources by hunter-gatherers. Among Dongsam-dong samples 45% of seeds are cultivated millets, and others are annual weed seeds mainly of Chenopodium. In Sangchon-ri, the importance of millets were increased and Paniceae weeds replaced Chenopodium ones. On the other hand there is no cultivated remains from Yongyu-do site in western coast. Comparing the samples examined so far, plant exploitation system in Korean Neolithic were varied according to periods. regions, and function of the site. In case of the southeast region. the appearance of millet cultivation was roughly correspondent with the spread of mid-west style chulmun pottery. and the patterns of settlement and plant exploitation were also changed at that time. The regional diversity should be considered in the spread of millet cultivation since the evidence of cultivation has not been found so far from any Neolithic sites in mid-western islands. In order to understand the diverse Neolithic subsistence economy pattern across Korean peninsular, we urgently need the study on the region and period where no systematic archaeobotanical analysis have been done. Generally it might be said that the subsistence economy during middle and late Neolithic in Korean peninsular belonged to the low-level production with domesticates, being secondary context of agricultural origins.
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운전자와 현장조업자의 협동훈련을 위한 플랜트 훈련시스템 플랫폼 연구
이경창(Gyungchang Lee),정교일(Kyo-il Chung),문두환(Duhwan Mun),윤청(Cheong Youn) (사)한국CDE학회 2015 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.21 No.2
Operator Training Simulators (OTSs) provide macroscopic training environment for plant operation. They are equipped with simulation systems for the emulation of remote monitoring and controlling operations. OTSs typically provide 2D block diagram-based graphic user interface (GUI) and connect to process simulation tools. However, process modeling for OTSs is a difficult task. Furthermore, conventional OTSs do not provide real plant field information since they are based on 2D human machine interface (HMI). In order to overcome the limitation of OTSs, we propose a new type of plant training system. This system has the capability required for collaborative training between operators and field workers. In addition, the system provides 3D virtual training environment such that field workers feel like they are in real plant site. For this, we designed system architecture and developed essential functions for the system. For the verification of the proposed system design, we implemented a prototype training system and performed experiments of collaborative training between one operator and two field workers with the prototype system.
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이경일,박양현,김용숙 朝鮮大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2004 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.15 No.-
By analyzing on walking patterns of patients who have damaged ACL, we intended to use this study as data for several walking researches. Followings are the result of angles and angular velocities that are variables in the study. 1. The angle of ankle showed flection of 91.28˚ and 93.54˚ at the point E2 (opposite toe off) and at the point of E3(opposite heel contact). The angle of normal left foot was flection of 96.66˚ and 92.30˚ when it was at the point of E1(heel strike) and E2(opposite toe off). 2. The angle of knee showed the biggest curve of 121.07˚ at the point of E2(opposite toe off ) and there was a significant difference with the angle of left knee. 3. The angle of hip joint was the biggest numerical value extension, 49.93˚ at the point of E1(heel strike ) and at the point of E3(opposite heel contact), it showed the curve of 38.43˚. We could see the significant difference at normal left hip joint but at the point of E3(opposite heel contact) the numerical value of the curve appeared to be 89.49˚. 4. The angular velocity of ankle was the biggest as 67.33 at the point of E1(heel strike) and simultaneously, the angular velocity of left ankle appeared to be the smallest as -19.80˚. 5. The angular velocity of knee was -78.28 at the point of E2 (opposite toe off) and at the same point, the velocity of normal left knee was 46.68˚ which was the biggest numerical value. 6. The angular velocity of hip joint were -7.18˚ and -58.03˚ at the point of E1(heel strike) and E2(opposite toe off). At the same point, the velocity of left hip joint showed bigger number of 27.45˚ and -6.11˚.
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