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하종문(Ha, Jong-Moon) 한일민족문제학회 2015 한일민족문제연구 Vol.28 No.-
This paper includes discussion of colonial responsibility in Korea for Japanese military sexual slavery issue and proposal for further necessary actions for asking colonial responsibility with consideration of recent strain between Korea and Japan. In August of 2011, Constitutional Court found Korean government’s diplomatic forbearance against Japanese military sexual slavery unconstitutional. Also, Supreme Court concluded that ‘general colonization responsibilities’ including forced labor were unresolved and found Japan’s colonization itself illegitimate. Korean Department of Justice made demanding of colonial responsibility public and Korean-Japan treaty of 1965 proved its limits. Korea-Japan treaty of 1965 concerning the settlement of problems in regard to property and claims and economic cooperation stated that Korean government propose Japanese government a arbitration committee to resolve ‘Japanese military sexual slavery’ issue. However, both government have been passive towards the issue and with the intensifying historical conflict, relationship between the two countries is going downhill without a single summit talk. This paper proposes the solution that discussion on related issues must precede composition of arbitration committee, which could dispel doubts of the victims and pressurize the Japanese government. In short term, both governments should agree upon opening objective and professional discussion on historical issues and Korean government should make an official statement on colonial responsibility. Lastly, both country’s societies must cooperate on composition of ‘East Asian Truth and Reconciliation Commission’ for resolution of colonial responsibility.
하종문(Ha, Jong Moon) 역사비평사 2013 역사비평 Vol.- No.103
In 1943 Japan, the requisition system and ‘Labor Constitutional Law (勤?根本法, LCL)’ sparked a serious controversy over issues on the nationality (?家性) of labor (??, 勤?) and enterprise. This paper analyzes the process and meaning of their controversy. Numerous studies on the framework and actual conditions of labor power mobilization, have failed to consider its contradiction and dynamics. The problem of labor power mobilization has not been analyzed by academics because it has been taken for granted. However, it is crucial to note that those who were originally drafted for the national cause ended up working for private enterprise. This contradictory outcome was? to coexistence of national labor and private business in the same field-a distortion of ‘system’ and ‘idea’. In 1943, the Ministry of Welfare attempted to reform the requisition system by enacting LCL, which substituted the former Factory Act (工場法) and consisted of policies related to labor including the nationalization of labor and enterprise. Nevertheless, the tentative plan of LCL was too radical to be accepted by the economic entities and was suspended. In spite of the enactment of the Munitions Factory Act (軍需?社法), contradictions that surrounded the nationality of labor and enterprise were not resolved. In other words, the conflict between labor and enterprise and the simultaneous exploration of the labor problem was deliberately evaded by the state power in wartime Japan. This point is a critical to Yamanouchi Yasushi’s argument that rationalized of the total-war system. Nationalization in the mobilization policy of labor power was only something created by the state power and it is imperative that we focus on the unstable nature of Japanese policy which stemmed from the distortion of ‘system’ and ‘idea’.