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최성열 ( Choi Sung-yul ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2020 法學硏究 Vol.28 No.2
1992년 브라질에서 개최한 리우환경회의는 전 지구적인 이상 환경 현상에 대하여 당사국 및 이해관계인의 우려와 위기 극복의 새로운 기대와 함께 생물다양성협약(CBD)을 채택하였다. 2010년 나고야의정서가 채택되었으며 2014년 유전자원의 접근과 이익공유를 위한 협약의 세부 이행의정서인 나고야의정서가 대한민국 평창에서 발효하였다. 현재 150개국 이상의 국가들이 생물다양성협약에 서명하였으며 123개국이 나고야의정서의 당사국으로 참여하고 있다. 2020년 중국 쿤밍에서 제15차 생물다양성협약과 나고야의정서 당사국 총회와 당사국 회의를 진행할 예정이다. 협약 발효 이후 2020년까지 당사국들은 협약과 의정서 상 모호하게 규정된 권리와 의무를 명확성을 확보하기 위하여 행정적, 정책적, 제도적 노력을 진행하였다. 하지만 여전히 제공국과 이용국들 간의 토착민 지역공동체의 유전자원 관련 전통지식, 시간적, 장소적 법적 쟁점들이 남아 있으며 당사국회의를 통하여 DSI와 같은 신규의제가 도출되고 있다. 2020년을 기점으로 다수의 협약과 의정서 당사국들은 10년 이후 새로운 2030을 위한 국제협상과 논의를 시작하고 있다. 특히 한국의 바이오산업과 밀접한 연관이 있는 중국이 자국의 전통지식 보호를 위한 움직임을 예의 주시할 필요가 있다. 이 과정에서 우리나라는 나고야의정서에 영향을 미치는 산업계와 긴밀히 협의하고 협약과 의정서를 치밀하게 법리적으로 분석하여 향후 발생 할 수 있는 협상과 분쟁에 적극적으로 대비하여야 할 것이다. 유엔헌장 및 다수의 다자간환경협약은 당사국들의 분쟁이 발생한 경우 유엔헌장에 따라 평화적으로 또한 적절한 방법으로 해결하여야한다고 선언하였다. 분쟁 당사자는 절차적으로 다자간환경협약에서 규정하고 있는 교섭, 사실 심사, 중개, 조정, 중재재판, 사법적 분쟁해결제도 같은 평화적 수단에 의하여 분쟁을 해결하여야 한다. 향후 생물다양성의 해석과 적용에 대하여 당사국간 분쟁 상황에 적극적으로 대비하기 위하여 우리나라는 협약과 의정서 상의 지속적으로 진행하고 있는 권리와 의무에 대한 국제적 협상에 적극적으로 참여하여 확인하고 분쟁 예방적 기능을 하고 있는 의무준수위원회 및 관련기구를 적절하게 활용하는 한편 종국적으로 분쟁해결제도를 진행할 경우 다양한 절차를 적절하게 활용하는 방안을 모색하여야 할 것이다. On 12 October 2014, the twelfth conference parties of Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) had enter into force Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization. as soon as effect Nagoya Protocol article 30, compliance committee shall be expeditiously established by conference of party. so party just begun negotiation for appropriate implementation between genetic resource user country (developed country) and Country providing genetic resources (developing county and LDC). Compliance committee easily divided dispute settlement on CBD. Nagoya Protocol Article 30 last paragraph represent that They shall be separate from between the dispute settlement procedures and mechanisms and compliance committee. it can divide dispute resolving solution concerning dispute between resource user country (developed country) and Country providing genetic resources, dispute settlement on CBD will manage dispute situation about substantial issue and obligation within convention right. dispute settlement on CBD regulate manner such as ICJ, arbitration. negotiation, mediation, good office, conciliation. This paper present a nature of environmental law dispute and it also illustrate dispute settlement system comparing other international body The Objection of this committee shall make a effective procedures and mechanisms to promote compliance with this protocol and prevention dispute. so committee shall offer not only advice and assistance for incapacity member of party but also reporting to non-compliance case to conference of parties. The second conference of parties on nagoya protocol will take place in Kunming China on 2020. more than 123 parties including the china participate in the Compliance committee so they make a official discussion for implementation and compliance mechanism. unfortunately korea can enjoy observer party in committee but korea will join qualified party soon. we should concentrate on the recent compliance issue and reviewing the negotiation history with implement of multilateral environmental agreements.
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朴原奭(Park, Won-Seog),崔聖烈(Choi, Sung-Yul) 중앙법학회 2016 中央法學 Vol.18 No.2
CBD COP 4 adopted the programme of work on Article 8(j) and related provisions to protect traditional knowledge. In decision X/43, the Conference of the Parties revised the programme of work and decided to maintain a number of ongoing tasks. Especially, Task 7 provides that the Working Group is “to develop guidelines for the development of mechanisms, legislation or other appropriate initiatives to ensure: (i) that indigenous and local communities obtain a fair and equitable share of benefits arising from the use and application of their knowledge, innovations and practices; (ii) that private and public institutions interested in using such knowledge, practices and innovations obtain the prior informed approval of the indigenous and local communities; (iii) advancement of the identification of the obligations of countries of origin, as well as Parties and Governments where such knowledge, innovations and practices and the associated genetic resources are used. In addition, Task 12 provides that the Working Group is “to develop guidelines that will assist Parties and Governments in the development of legislation or other mechanisms, as appropriate, to implement Article 8(j) and its related provisions (which could include sui generis systems), and definitions of relevant key terms and concepts in Article 8(j) and related provisions at international, regional and national levels, that recognize, safeguard and fully guarantee the rights of indigenous and local communities over their traditional knowledge, innovations and practices, within the context of the Convention. This Paper provides an overview of relevant work to respect, protect, and conserve traditional knowledges held by IPLC within the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. It also identifies other relevant international processes. Furthermore, it identifies possible elements for proposed draft guidelines. Finally, it suggests a draft recommendation for the consideration of the Working Group.
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오렌지색계 중형 심비디움 ‘Orange Bowl’ 육성
김미선(Mi-Seon Kim),이혜경(Hye-Kyung Rhee),박상근(Sang-Gun Park),정향영(Hyang-Young Jung),최성열(Sung-Yul Choi),임진희(Jin-Hee Lim) 한국원예학회 2011 원예과학기술지 Vol.29 No.6
Cymbidium Orange Bowl (Lucky Rainbow Randevous × Eastern Star) was developed from a cross between hybrids at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 2006. A cross was made between the pink colored flower C. Lucky Rainbow Randevous’as maternal line and pure yellow colored flower, C. Eastern Star as paternal line in 1995. The seed germination, cultivation, selection, and characteristic trials were conducted from 1996 to 2006. The line was named as Wongyo F1-18 and phenotype was characterized in 2006 as a new Orange Bowl. The Orange Bowl has having light yellow basal color (RHS, YO21D) and orange line (RHS, OR30B) on both of sepal and petal with red lip (RHS, OR30B). Orange Bowl has about 10.9 flowers per flower stalk and flower size of 7.4 cm. General appearance of the petals and sepals is slightly incurved shape. The plant size is intermediate having erect peduncle. Blooming is started from the late of January (mid winter) under optimal culture condition. Leaf attitude and twisting is half- erect and very weak respectively. This hybrid has attractive floral arrangement, long flower stalk (71.8 cm) and vigorous growth. We expect that Orange bowl has a great potential for exporting to Chinese market.
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