중년여성의 건강증진 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구

차영남,김금자,임혜경,장효순,한혜실,Cha, Young-Nam,Kim, Keum-Ja,Lim, Hye-Kyung,Jang, Hyo-Soon,Han, Hae-Sil 한국지역사회간호학회 1998 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop health promotion programs for middle aged women and to identify the adaptability and the effectiveness of the program in order to provide a model for health promotion programs as a basis for nursing intervention. The research design was a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control-group pretest -posttest design. The data were collected from October 30 to December 11, 1996. The study subjects were middle aged women residing in Chonju city, with ages from 40 to 59. The experimental group consisted of 42 subjects who were recruited through announcements of the local newspaper. The control group consisted of 49 subjects who were mothers of nursing college students. The health promotion program for middle aged women was based on the Bandura's self efficacy theory and Pender's heath promotion behavior theory consisting of exercise and heath diaries as performance accomplishments as well as education and group sessions as verbal persuasion and vicarious experiences. The study program was provided for 6 weeks, 3 hours a day per week. There was a pretest before the program and a posttest after the 6 week program. The instruments used for the study were a Self Efficacy Scale and a Health Promotion Behavior Scale developed by Park(1995). The data analysis was done by the use of a SPSS/PC. The study results were as follows: 1. In the analysis of the homogeneity between the experimental and control groups, there were significant differences in the socio-demographic characteristics, self efficacy and health promotion behavior. There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in occupation, the number of children, and the status of involvement in social activities. 2. The first hypothesis, 'The level of self efficacy of the experimental group will be higher than that of the control group.' was supported(F=10.154, p=.002). The second hypothesis, 'The degree of health promotive behaviors in the experimental group will be higher than that of the control group.' was supported(F=17.349, p=.000). 3. There was a significant positive correlation between the self efficacy and the health promotion behaviors in pretest and posttests (pretest: r=.732, p=.000 ; posttest : r=.754, p=.000). 4. The significant variables for health promotion behaviors were religion(t= -1.97, p=.05), family income(F=4.85, p=.00), education level (F=6.38, p=.00) and involvement in social activities(t= -3.06, p=.00) in socio-demographic characteristics. In summary, a heath promotion program based on self efficacy theory has made an improvement on health promotion behaviors. Also, the results show that the higher the level of self efficacy, the better the health promotion is in middle aged women. The study has proved that nurses can provide nursing intervention for the improvement of health promotion in middle aged women through the adaptation of a program increasing the subject's self efficacy level.

Differential Effects of Indole, Indole-3-carbinol and Benzofuran on Several Microsomal and Cytosolic Enzyme Activities in Mouse Liver

차영남,정진호,Cha, Young-Nam,Thompson, David C.,Heine, Henry S.,Chung, Jin-Ho The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1985 대한약리학잡지 Vol.21 No.1

이물질(xenobiotics) 대사에 관여하는 간장 microsome과 cytosol 효소 활성에 indole, indole-3-carbinol 및 benzofuran이 미치는 영향을 검색하기위하여 마우스에 이들 약물을 각각 5 mmole/kg씩 10일간 투여하여 다음 몇 가지의 성적을 얻었다. Benzofuran은 microsome 효소인 aniline hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, p-nitrophenol UDPGA-transferase, epoxide hydrolase와 cytosol 효소인 glutathione S-tranferase, NADH : quinone reductase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase의 활성도를 증가시켰다. 그러나 benzofuran과는 구조적으로 furan ring내의 N원소가 O원소로 치환되었을 뿐 주된 구조가 유사한 indole과 indole-3-carbinol 투여로는 UDPGA-transferase와 NADH: quinone reductase의 활성도 증가를 볼 수 없었으며, 특히 indole은 NADPH : cytochrome C reductase만을 증가시킨데 비하여 구조상 indole에 carbinol (methanol)기가 붙은 indole-3-carbinol은 수종의 mixed function oxidase와 아울러 특히 epoxide hydrolase의 활성도 역시 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 benzofuran과 indole-3-carbinol에 의한 epoxide hydrolase 활성도 증가의 기전의 일부를 설명할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The effects of feeding indole, indole-3-carbinol and benzofuran (all at 5 mmole/kg body wt./day) on various hepatic microsomal and cytosolic enzyme activities involved in xenobiotic metabolism have been compared. Benzofuran was found to elevate the activities of many enzymes both in microsomes (e.g., aniline hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, p-nitrophenol UDPGA-transferase and epoxide hydrolase) and in cytosol (e.g., glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, NADH:quinone reductase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase). The structures of indole and indole-3-carbinol are similar to benzofuran except for the substitution of nitrogen with oxygen atom within the furan ring. Results showed that the activities of UDPGA-transferase and NADH:quinone reductase were not elevated by these indole compounds. While the chemical structure of these two indole compounds are identical except for the presence of the carbinol (methanol) group in indole-3-carbinol, there were marked differences in the types and activities of microsomal enzymes that were enhanced. Among the microsomal enzyme activities determined, indole elevated only the NADPH:cytochrome c reductase, while indole-3-carbinol increased several mixed function oxidase and particularly the epoxide hydrolase activities. Based on the chemical structures of tested compounds and the observed results, possible explanations for the mechanisms involved in elevating epoxide hydrolase activity by benzofuran and indole-3-carbinol are discussed.

국가대표 태권도 시범단 단원 및 겨루기 선수와 일반 수련생의 하지근력, 체간 근력, 균형능력, 고유수용감각의 차이

차영남 ( Young-nam Cha ),오재근 ( Jae-keun Oh ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2016 스포츠사이언스 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 국가대표 태권도 시범단 단원 및 겨루기 선수와 일반 수련생들을 대상으로 하지근력, 체간근력, 균형능력, 고유수용 감각의 차이를 검증하기 위해 실시하였다. 이를 위해 태권도 수련경력 5년 이상인 국가대표 태권도 시범단 11명, 겨루기 선수 11명, 일반 수련생 11명으로 총 33명의 피험자가 연구에 참여하였다. 하지근력, 체간근력, 고유수용 감각(능동적 관절위치감각검사)은 CSMi(HUMAC, U.SA)를 이용하였고, 균형능력검사는 Biodex Balance System(Biodex, U.S.A) 을 이용하여 측정하였다. 연구 결과 하지 및 체간근력에서는 국가대표 태권도 시범단 집단이 고관절 좌측 신전 근력 및 근지구력 좌ㆍ우측 신전, 그리고 체간 굴근 근력에서 다른 두 집단보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 겨루기 선수 집단은 슬관절 근력 및 근지구력, 그리고 족관절 근력 좌측 저측 굴곡에서 다른 두 집단보다 높은 것으로 나타났으나 근지구력 배측ㆍ저측 굴곡 우측에서는 겨루기 선수 집단이 다른 두 집단보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 균형감각 및 고유수용감각에서도 국가대표 태권도 시범단 집단이 다른 두 집단보다 높은 것으로 나타났으나 정적인 동작에서의 측정이었기에 경기 중 발생할 수 있는 부상의 유형과는 다소 차이가 있을 것으로 사료되어 향후 연구에서는 각 종목별 태권도 선수들의 운동 형태에 따른 동적인 측정방식이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to identify difference of muscle strength of lower extremity and trunk, balance and proprioception among korea national Taekwondo demonstration player(TDP; n=11), competition(TCP; n=11) and trainees(TT; n=11). Total 33 Taekwondo players was used for this research and all subjects have over 5 years career. Muscle strength of lower extremity was measured at 60°/sec and 180°/sec in hip joint, knee joint and trunk and at 30°/sec and 180°/sec in ankle. Active Joint Position Sense(AJPS) was used for measuring proprioception of knee. Balance test was conducted by Biodex Balance System. As a result, this study has suggested that fact muscle strength and endurance of Left extensor in hip joint higher of Taekwondo demonstration player than that of Taekwondo competition player and trainees. And muscle endurance of left extensor and muscle strength of trunk flexor of TDP higher than that of TCP and TT. In TCP, muscle strength and muscle endurance of knee is much stronger than the other groups and muscle strength of ankle plantar flexor is higher compared to TDP and TT. But muscle endurance of right ankle dorsi- and plantar flexor of TCP is lower than that of the other groups. Although balance and proprioceptive function of TDP is higher than that of the other groups, the measurement was conducted in static state. Thus, further researches would be necessary for measuring dynamic ability for balance and proprioception actually related to injury mechanism on play.

청소년 태권도 격파선수들의 스포츠심상능력이 경쟁상태불안과 스포츠자신감에 미치는 영향

차영남(Cha, Young-Nam),김종수(Kim, Jong-Soo),신호철(Shin, Ho-Chul) 한국코칭능력개발원 2020 코칭능력개발지 Vol.22 No.3

Ghostly writing: Narrative Structure in J.M. Coetzee`s Foe

차영남 ( Young Nam Cha ) 21세기영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학21 Vol.21 No.1

Indole, Indole-3-calbinol 및 Benzofuran이 간장 microsome과 cytosol의 약물대사 효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

차영남(Young-Nam Cha),정진호(Jin-Ho Chung),David C. Thompson,Henry S. Heine 대한약리학회 1985 대한약리학잡지 Vol.21 No.1

이물질(xenobiotics) 대사에 관여하는 간장 microsome과 cytosol 효소 활성에 indole, indole-3-carbinol 및 benzofuran이 미치는 영향을 검색하기위하여 마우스에 이들 약물을 각각 5 mmole/kg씩 10일간 투여하여 다음 몇 가지의 성적을 얻었다. Benzofuran은 microsome 효소인 aniline hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, p-nitrophenol UDPGA-transferase, epoxide hydrolase와 cytosol 효소인 glutathione S-tranferase, NADH : quinone reductase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase의 활성도를 증가시켰다. 그러나 benzofuran과는 구조적으로 furan ring내의 N원소가 O원소로 치환되었을 뿐 주된 구조가 유사한 indole과 indole-3-carbinol 투여로는 UDPGA-transferase와 NADH: quinone reductase의 활성도 증가를 볼 수 없었으며, 특히 indole은 NADPH : cytochrome C reductase만을 증가시킨데 비하여 구조상 indole에 carbinol (methanol)기가 붙은 indole-3-carbinol은 수종의 mixed function oxidase와 아울러 특히 epoxide hydrolase의 활성도 역시 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 benzofuran과 indole-3-carbinol에 의한 epoxide hydrolase 활성도 증가의 기전의 일부를 설명할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The effects of feeding indole, indole-3-carbinol and benzofuran (all at 5 mmole/kg body wt./day) on various hepatic microsomal and cytosolic enzyme activities involved in xenobiotic metabolism have been compared. Benzofuran was found to elevate the activities of many enzymes both in microsomes (e.g., aniline hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, p-nitrophenol UDPGA-transferase and epoxide hydrolase) and in cytosol (e.g., glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, NADH:quinone reductase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase). The structures of indole and indole-3-carbinol are similar to benzofuran except for the substitution of nitrogen with oxygen atom within the furan ring. Results showed that the activities of UDPGA-transferase and NADH:quinone reductase were not elevated by these indole compounds. While the chemical structure of these two indole compounds are identical except for the presence of the carbinol (methanol) group in indole-3-carbinol, there were marked differences in the types and activities of microsomal enzymes that were enhanced. Among the microsomal enzyme activities determined, indole elevated only the NADPH:cytochrome c reductase, while indole-3-carbinol increased several mixed function oxidase and particularly the epoxide hydrolase activities. Based on the chemical structures of tested compounds and the observed results, possible explanations for the mechanisms involved in elevating epoxide hydrolase activity by benzofuran and indole-3-carbinol are discussed.

고교 태권도 격파선수의 자기관리, 스포츠자신감, 운동지속의 구조적 관계 분석

차영남(Cha, Young-Nam),김종수(Kim, Jong-Soo),신호철(Shin, Ho-Chul) 한국코칭능력개발원 2022 코칭능력개발지 Vol.24 No.1

대학 태권도 격파 선수들의 심판판정인식이 경기스트레스에 미치는 영향

차영남(Cha, Young-Nam),김종수(Kim Jong-Soo),신호철(Shin, Ho-Chul) 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.3

흰쥐 간세포의 소포체에서의 Aflatoxin B1 의 대사 및 돌연변이 유발양상에 미치는 Butylated Hydroxyanisole 의 영향

최치용,차영남 ( Chee Yong Choi,Young Nam Cha ) 한국환경생물학회 1991 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Effect of administering butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) on the metabolism of aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1) and production of mutagenic metabolites have been compared with those of phenobarbital(PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene(MC) administration in rat liver microsomes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with these inducers and liver microsomes were isolated. These microsomes were used to metabolize AFB_1 and to produce mutagenic metabolites. Results showed that normal rat liver were able to metabolize AFB_1 quite actively and produced large amounts of AFB-8, 9-epoxide (appearing as the AFB-8, 9-dihydrodiol-Tris complex). Upon incubations of normal rat liver microsomes with increasing concentrations of AFB_1, a steep dose-related increases of mutagenicity were observed in the Ames test. The PB-microsomes had an increased ability to metabolize AFB_1 and particularly the rate for the production of the weakly mutagenic AFQ_1 metabolite was markedly increased. Conversely, PB-microsomes had a moderate decrease in its ability to form the strongly mutagenic of AFB-8, 9-epoxide metabolite. However, the ability of PB-microsomes to form mutagenic metabolites from AFB_1 was somewhat greater than that of the control-microsomes. The MC-microsomes had an increased ability to metabolize AFB_1 also. However, instead of the weakly mutagenic AFQ_1 metabolite seen with the PB-microsomes, large amounts of the strongly mutagenic AFM_1 metabolite was formed. Although AFM_1 is not known to be a direct mutagen, it was highly mutagenic upon activation with microsomes. The very steep dose-related increases of mutagenicity and appearance of bacterial toxicity at relatively lower doses of AFB_1 may have been caused by the secondary metabolic activation. The ability of BHA-microsomes to metabolize AFB_1 was decreased. Among the metabolites produced by the BHA-microsomes, the non-mutagenic AFB_2a, was formed in significantly increased amounts but the toxic AFB-8, 9-epoxide was produced only in much reduced amounts. The AFB_2a was not mutagenic even after metabolic activation with microsomes. When increasing concentrations of AFB_1 was incubated with BHA-microsomes, a very mild dose-related increases of mutagenicity was observed and the occurence of toxic effects on bacterial growth appeared only at high doses of AFB_1, This may have been due both to the reduced rate of overall AFB_1 metabolism and to the decreased formation of the highly mutagenic AFB-8, 9-epoxide but an increased formation of the non-mutagenic AFB_2a metabolite by the BHA-microsomes. Such a reduced rate of formation of the toxic AFB-8, 9-epoxide but an increased production of the non-toxic AFB_2a metabolite by the BHA-microsomes may have been, at least partially, responsible for the anticarcinogenic effect of BHA.

만성 간질환 환자에서 Metoprolol의 약동학에 관한 연구

채희복,이경훈,차영남,이영상,서동진,윤영란,신재국,임동석,신상구,장인진,Chae, Hee-Bok,Lee, Kyung-Hoon,Cha, Young-Nam,Lee, Young-Sang,Suh, Dong-Jin,Yoon, Young-Ran,Shin, Jae-Gook,Yim, Dong-Seok,Shin, Sang-Goo,Jang, In-Jin 대한임상약리학회 1999 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.7 No.1

연구배경 : 간기능은 심하게 진행되기 전까지는 단백합성기능, 배설기능, 약물대사기능 등이 잘 보존되며, 고추출율 약물은 저추출율 약물에 비해 약물 대사능과 간기능의 장애 정도간에 더 밀접한 상관관계가 있음이 알려져 있다. 선택적 ${\beta}_1$-adrenoceptor 길항제인 metoprolol은 주로 간에서 대사되며 경구투여시 1차통과효과(first pass effect)가 큰 고추출율 약물로, metoprolol의 ${\alpha}$-수산화 대사는 간장의 CYP2D6 활성도를 측정하는데 이용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비교적 진행된 간기능 장애를 지닌 modified Child-Pugh class B군과 C군에 해당하는 만성 간질환 환자에서 metoprolol 및 ${\alpha}-OH$ Metoprolol의 약동학적 성상을 대조군과 비교함으로써, 간기능 장애정도에 따른 약물대사능의 변화(특히 CYP2D6 활성도의 변화)를 규명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 정상대조군 피험자 8명과 modified Child-Pugh class B군 9명 및 C군 7명을 대상으로, metoprolol 50 mg을 경구로 일회투여후 경시적으로 혈장과 요중 metoprolol 및 그 대사체인 ${\alpha}$-OH metoprolol의 농도를 관찰하였다. Metoprolol 및 ${\alpha}$-OH metoprolol의 혈장과 요중 농도는 형광검출기를 이용하여 HPLC로 측정하였으며, 약동학적 파라미터는 noncompartmental 분석법으로 산출하였다. 결과 : Metoprolol의 약동학적 변수중 $C_{max},\;T{max},\;t_{1/2{\beta}}$, $ACU_{0-12hr}$가 환자군과 대조군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며 , ${\alpha}$-OH metoprolol에 대해서는 $C_{max}$와 $T_{max}$가 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 환자들을 modified Child-Pugh class B군과 C군으로 나누어 비교시에는 약동학적 파라미터들에 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과 정상대조군의 metoprolol 혈장농도곡 선하면적은 만성 간질환 환자군의 약 35%였으므로, 만성 간질환 환자에서 metoprolol의 초기용량은 정상인의 약 3분의 1 용량으로 시작하고 유지용량은 각 환자의 임상반응에 따라 조정하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. Background : Metoprolol, the selective ${\beta}_1$-adrenoceptor antagonist, is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism. Usually less than 5% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Metoprolol is a highly extracted drug and its ${\alpha}$-hydroxylation pathway is mediated by CYP2D6. Therefore, it is often used as a probe drug to measure the metabolic capacity of liver. Method : The effects of impaired liver function on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol were studied in 16 patients with hepatic cirrhosis (modified Child-Pugh class B and C group : 9 and 7 persons, respectively) together with 8 healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetic parameters in these patients were compared to those in normal subjects. All subjects were given single oral doses of 50mg in the morning fasting state. Blood and urine samples were collected serially. The concentrations of metoprolol and ${\alpha}$-OH metoprolol in the biological fluids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detector. Results : There were statistically significant differences in $C_{max},\;T_{max},\;t_{1/2{\beta}}$, and $AUC_{0-12hr}$ of metoprolol between the patients and the normal subjects (p<0.05), ${\alpha}$-OH metoprolol produced by CYP2D6 was also measured and significant differences in both $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were observed. There was no statistically significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between modified Child-pugh class B and C groups. Conclusion : For the sake of safety, the reasonable initial dose of metoprolol for the patients with portocaval shunts or advanced liver disease would be about one third of the usual dose, although the potential for adverse reactions is tempered by the flat dose response curve and the wide therapeutic index of this drug.