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한국어 TimeML -텍스트의 사건 및 시간 정보 연구
유현조 ( Hyun Jo You ),장하연 ( Ha Yeon Jang ),조유미 ( Yu Mi Jo ),남승호 ( Seung Ho Nam ),신효필 ( Hyo Pil Shin ),김윤신 ( Yoon Shin Kim ) 한국언어정보학회 2011 언어와 정보 Vol.15 No.1
TimeML is a markup language for events and temporal expressions in natural language, proposed in Pustejovsky et al. (2003) and latter standardized as ISO-TimeML (ISO 24617-1:2009). In this paper, we propose the further specification of ISO-TimeML for the Korean language with the concrete and thorough examination of real world texts. Since Korean differs significantly from English, which is the first and almost only extensively tested language with TimeML, one continuously run into theoretical and practical difficulties in the application of TimeML to Korean. We focus on the discussion for the consistent and efficent application of TimeML: how to consistently apply TimeML in accordance with Korean specificity and what to be annotated and what not to be, i.e. which information is meaningful in the temporal interpretation of Korean text, for efficient application of TimeML.
조유미(Jo, Yu-Mi) 국제법평론회 2022 국제법평론 Vol.- No.61
Recently, unilateral trade restrictive measures taken with the reason of national security are increasingly important issues. In particular, through competition for technological hegemony led by the 4th Industrial Revolution, the COVID-19 crisis and so forth, the perception of security has gone beyond traditional concept of security such as military threats. The concept of security has been expanded to human security or comprehensive security including non-military and non-human threats like the economic crisis, cyber threats, diseases and climate change. Thus, the security exceptions under Article XXI of the GATT should be subject to scrutiny than at any time since 1947. However, it is difficult to interpret Article XXI of the GATT as the Article contains self-judging language that a Member State can invoke whenever it considers a measure to be necessary for the protection of its essential security interests. In addition, since there have not been many WTO cases regarding security exceptions, it can not be said that the principles of WTO law have been sufficiently accumulated. Therefore, the author s doctoral thesis aimed at filling large gaps in interpreting Article XXI of the GATT and rigidly judging according to certain criteria. It also pursued improvement suggestions and further tasks for evolutive interpretation and application of Article XXI of the GATT. To this end, the thesis investigated the origin of the concept of security and the process of its being expanded in the historical and theoretical context. It also examined how to specifically protect security interests in international law. States can protect their essential security interests under many international agreements such as the UN Charter, FCN(Friendship, Commerce and Navigation) treaties, bilateral investment treaties, free trade agreements, digital trade agreements and necessity in customary international law, so the thesis scrutinized these norms. Moreover, it analyzed case law on security exceptions. In particular, it identified legal principles related with self-judging security exception, jurisdiction, essential security interests, necessity test, necessity defense in jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. The next thing, it dealt with concrete interpretation and application of Article XXI of the GATT as the representative of security exception provisions. Above all, it specifically analyzed the origin and requirements of Article XXI of the GATT. Then, it navigated how Article XXI of the GATT has been interpreted in the disputes raised in the GATT/WTO regimes. Especially, considering that the case where the Article XXI of the GATT was analyzed exhaustively for the first time on the dispute between Ukraine and Russia in 2019, this study reviewed the panel report minutely. Furthermore, it also looked briefly pending cases in the WTO focusing on the factual details and future prospects on them. Based on such discussions, it suggested future projects to strike a balance between trade liberalization and security interests. First of all, it offered some ideas on how Article XXI of the GATT can be revised, and while raising the problems related with security exceptions in free trade agreements and digital trade agreements, emphasized that it is necessary to search for ways to harmoniously interpret WTO rules. In light of the recent five years when Article XXI of the GATT has been frequently invoked, in the end, the following efforts are required in addition to establishing strict and specific standards for Article XXI of the GATT. Most of all, it should be recognized that WTO has made a significant contribution to work to guarantee a rule-based international trading system as a bastion of free trade. So, based on this, from the perception of security in the liberal perspective on international relations,
Ti,STS 이종 금속 판재의 계면 연계 물성에 미치는 열처리 영향
조유미 ( Yu Mi Jo ),이광석 ( Kwang Seok Lee ),강남현 ( Nam Hyun Kang ),이영선 ( Young Seon Lee ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2014 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.52 No.11
We investigated effects of annealing conditions on the interface-correlated microstructural evolution and subsequent mechanical properties of a Ti/STS439 clad sheet. The evolution of the interface microstructure was first analyzed with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The generation and growth of a diffusive layer consisted of μm-scale β- Ti adjacent to the parent Ti, and the nm-scale intermetallic compounds Fe2Ti and FeTi adjacent to STS phases were indexed. The thicknesses of β-Ti, Fe2Ti, and FeTi increased with annealing time and temperature. Mechanical properties were evaluated by peel, microindentation and uniaxial tensile tests. Improvement of bonding strength between Ti and STS by feasible annealing below 650 ℃ seemed to be strongly related to the generation of considerable metallurgical bonding. (Received March 7, 2014)
조유미(Yu-mi Jo) 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회 2007 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.2007 No.10
양화문 안의 강 양화사와 약 양화사가 전제적 / 비전제적 해석과 관련된 영향권 다툼의 과정에서도 약 양화사가 주어이든 목적어이든지 표면 형태에서 VP로부터 멀리 떨어져 있는 경우에는 전제적 해석만을 받게 되어 양화문에 중의성이 발생하지 않는다. 그런데 타동사의 목적어나 비대격 주어 등의 약 양화사가 초점에 민감한 경우에 비전제적 해석이 가능하게 되어 중의적인 문장이 될 수 있다고 본다. 표면구조상 VP 밖에 위치한 약 양화사라도 초점화 되면, 초점투사를 통하여 논리 형태에서 형성된 초점의 영향권(초점 구문) 안에 들어있게 되며, 이때의 초점이 가지는 영향권은 핵 영향권과 일치한다. 즉, 초점은 안에 있는 약 양 화사가 핵 영향권 안에서 비전제적으로 해석되도록 하는 동력으로 작용한다고 볼 수 있다.
조유미(Y. M. Jo),이광석(K. S. Lee),이영선(Y. S. Lee) 한국소성가공학회 2014 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
Deformation behavior and formability of a Ti/STS dissimilar metal sheet were investigated through tensile and cupping tests, spanning a wide range of deformation rates and temperatures. After performing a series of high-temperature tensile test for Ti/STS 2-ply clad sheets, it should be noted that flow stresses exhibited maximum values at relatively higher strain rate regime in the samples subjected above 800 ℃, which promising feasible forming condition could be obtained at relatively higher deformation rate at temperature above 800℃. Maximum cup height of 13.8 mm was observed at 850℃ under the fast deformation rate of 30 mm/min. Furthermore, fracture mechanism was revealed by cross-sectioning of the cupping tested specimens, which is rationalized by finite element simulations.
조유미(Y.M. Jo),이광석(K.S. Lee),강남현(N.H. Kang),이영선(Y.S. Lee) 한국소성가공학회 2013 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
We present here effects of deformation test conditions such as temperature and strain rate on the high temperature deformation behavior of a Ti/STS clad metals. The effect of annealing upon the evolution of interface microstructure is first analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) attached with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). After performing a series of high-temperature tensile test for Ti/STS 2-ply clad sheets, process maps were constructed in which the appropriate working temperature-strain rate combination for optimum solid-to-solid forming was deduced. Furthermore, the actual warm formability around this processing window was confirmed by carrying out a series of laboratory-scale ball punch test.