소의 품종 , 배양액의 첨가제 및 발정주기가 난포란의 체외성숙 , 수정 및 발생에 미치는 영향

정구민(K . M . Chung),임경순(K . S . Im) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of breeds, medium supplements and ovarian phases on the developmental pattern of bovine follicular oocytes. Ham`s F10 powder was dissolved in the 3rd demineralized and 5th distilled water and supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (HI-FBS) or 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The medium was equihlmated for 16±2 hours in 5% CO₂ incubator and adjusted in pH 7.4-7,6 and in 280±10 mOsm. The oocytes were recovered from small antral follicles (2 to 5㎜) and matured for 24 to 26 hours at 39℃. Matured oocytes were fertilized with ejaculated sperm (1-2 x 10^6/㎖) and cultured for 4 days at 38.5℃ in 5% CO₂ in air. The cleavage rate of oocytes was higher in Korean native cattle (KNC; 22.0%, 18/82) than ins Holsteins (4.4%, 4/93). Eleven among eighty two (13.2%) of KNC oocytes developed to morula stage, but none of Holstein oocytes cleaved up to 8 cells. Of the developed ova, rate of embryos with regular blastomeres was also higher in KNC (∼65%) than in Holsteins (∼33%). Holstein oocytes were fertilized with KNC sperm to clear the reason why the developmental potential of Holstein oocytes was extremely limited. Their cleavage rate was 16.7%o (4/24) and was higher than that of Holstein oocytes fertilized with Holstein sperm. Therefore the low potential in vitro of Holstein oocytes was due to oocytes and not to sperm. Cleavage rate of KNC oocytes was higher in FBS supplemented medium (22.0%, 18/82) than in BSA supplemented medium (14.8%, 4/27). The oocytesdeveloped to morula stage in FBS-medium, but non-cleaved up to 3 cells in B SA-medium. Of the developed ova, rate of embryos with regular blastomeres is higher in FBS-medium (∼65%) than in BSA-medium (∼33%). Of the uncleaved 1-cell ova, rate of fragmental ova was significantly higher in BSA-medium (33.3%) than in FBS-medium (14.6%). By contrast, the rate of deformed ova was significantly lower in BSA-medium (7.4%) than in FBS-medium (25.0%). The cleavage rate of oocytes was not different between luteal phase and follicular phase, but the rate of embryos with regular blastomeres was higher in luteal phase than in follicular phase. In conclusion, the rates of cleavage and normal development of follicular oocytes were higher in KNC than in Holsteins, in FBS-medium than in BSA-medium, and in luteal phase than in follicular phase. The cleavage rate of oocytes was related to the rate of normal development. Immature-follicular oocytes of KNC can normally mature and develop to morula stage in Ham`s F10 supplemented with 10% FBS but that of Holsteins can not.

소에 있어서 비외과적 방법에 의한 수정란의 채란 기술개발에 관한 연구

임경순,이용빈,정구민 ( K . S . Im,Y . B . Lee,K . M . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

These experiments were conducted to develop embryo collection by nonsurgical methods and. establish basis of embryo transfer in bovine. The recovery rate of embryos between natural and superovulated cows, the ovarian response following 3 to 4 times repeated uses of 2000 IU PMSG with some intervals, cleavage stage of embryo and expansion of uterine cervix with laminaria were studied with korean native cows. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Laminaria No. 1 was expanded into 3.2 times in diameter within 3 hrs and 4 times in diameter within 4 hrs when it was set in warm water at 38℃ and uterine cervix, respectively. After removing it from uterine cervix, foley catheters (18-22FR) were easily inserted into uterus without rectal manipulation. 2. Average numbers of corpus lutea on 9-12 days following estrus induced with 2000 IU PMSG in I, II, III and IV replications taking for 60±15, 90±15 and 150 days intervals among replications were 6.0, 10.3, 7.3 and 7.0, respectively. Accordingly, appropriate interval between replications is thought to be 3 to 4 months and can be shorter or extended according to variation of estrus cycle in the individual. 3. Ovarian response following PMSG injection was greater in fall than in summer and winter. 4. The cows showed standing estrus at average 71±2 hrs following PMSG injection and 85% of the cows showed the estrus between 3 to 4 days following PMSG injection. 5. 92.6% of the flushing fluid was recovered by flushing and 24 eggs (34.3%) among 70 corpus lutea were collected from the superovulated cows. 6. The recovery rates of embryos from I. II, III and IV replications were 50, 3.6, 8.6 and 100%, respectively. The shorter the interval between replications was, the lower the recovery rate of embryo was. 7. Six embryos (100%) were collected from the six cows in natural ovulation by nonsurgical method. 8. Cleavage stages of embryos recovered respectively on 5,7,8,10 and 15 days following estrus ware 16-cell, morula, tight morula, early hatching blastocyst and late hatching blastocyst, respectively. 9. Abnormal, non-fertilized and broken ova among 30 ova recovered were 3(10%), 2(6.7%) and 2(6.7%), respectively. 10. In case of cows in natural ovultion, embryo was not recovered in 1S fractions obtained only by flushing, but mostly recovered in 2nd to 5th factions obtained by flushing with massage of uterus. 11. The embryo recovered on the same day following estrus by PMSG showed 1½±½ difference in cleavage stage between Holstein and Korean native cows and also showed 1±½ difference between the natural and superovulated cows.

미성숙 및 성숙미경산우의 다배란 처리가 난소반응 , 수정란 생산과 수태에 미치는 영향

김종국(J . G . Kim),정구민(K . M . Chung),임경순(K . S . Im),이용빈(Y . B . Lee) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.5

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of superovulation on the ovarian response and non-surgical recovery in immature and mature heifers. The possibility of nonsurgical recovery from the immature heifers and pragnancy of embryos transferred to mature recipients was also investigated. Total 8 heifers (S heads of Holstein, 2 heads Korean Native Cattle (KNC) and 1 head of Angus × Hereford crossbred) were devided into 2 groups by their age. Immature heifers (Group I) were 7-10 months old and mature heifers (Group II) were 12-18 months old. Heifers of Group I and Group II were superovulated with muscular injection of 1,000 or 2,000 IU Pregnant Mare`s Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) on day 10-12 of estrous cycle followed by muscular injection of 25㎎ PGF₂α 48h later. Heifers were artifically inseminated or copulated 2 to 3 times with the interval of 12h while they were in heat. The embryos were collected non-surgically on day 6 of estrous cycle. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The average number of corpus lutea (CL) by the superovulation treatment was much greater in Group II (9.2) than in Group I (3.2). 2. The average number of unruptured follicles by superovulation treatment was much grater in Group II (6.8) than Group I (1.0). 3. The interval to onset estrus after PGF₂α injection was longer in Group I (44.2) than in Group II (31.8h). 4. There was no difference in the duration of estrus between Group I (32.0h) and Group II (37.5h). 5. It was possible to flush the uterus of 7 month old KNC heifers non-surgically. 6. The average number of embryos recovered was much greater in Group II (6.0) than in Group I (2.3) and the recovery rate of embryos in Group I (73.6%) was similar to that Group II (87.3%). More flushing fluid was recovered in Group I (93.0%) than in Group II (87.3%). 7. Twelve of 14 embryos recovered (87.5%) were normal in Group I, while 17 of 54 embryos (31.5%) were normal in Group II. 8. All of the normal embryos (12/12) were morula in Group I, while 82.4% (14/17) of the normal embryos were monala and 17.6%o (3/17) were blastocysts in Gooup II. 9. The estrous cycle after superovulation treatment tended to become longer with the average of 24.8 days in Group I and 24 days in Group II. Some donor heifers had cystic ovaries. 10. Six embryos were transferred to 4 recipients non-surgically. One recipient who had received 2 morula that were recovered from a 10 month old KNC-2 became pregnant and delivered a male Korean native calf of 27 Kg.

발정혈청 및 양수가 소 난포란의 체외성숙에 미치는 영향

임경순(K . S . Im),김형선(H . S . Kim),정구민(G . M . Chung),박연진(Y . J . Park),김현종(H . J . Kim),박광욱(K . W . Park) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.3

These experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of addition of estrous cow serum(ECS), amniotic fluid(AF) and AF + FCS on maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro. The oocytes with cumulus cells and unfragmented cytoplasm were used. The oocytes were matured in vitro for 24 hr in a CO₂ incubator with 5% CO₂ in air at 38.5℃. The medium used for maturation was TCM 199 and Ham`s F10 supplemented with hormones and antibiotics. The results obtained are as follows : I. When the oocytes were cultured in TCM (99 medium, maturation rate of oocyte in FCS 10%. ECS 5, 10, 15 and 20% was 70.0, 74.4, 75.0, 78.1 and 58.8%, respectively. There were no significant (p$gt;0.05) difference among the treatments. 2. When the oocytes were cultured in Ham`s F10, maturation rate of oocyte in AF 0, 10, 50 and 100% was 63.0, 87.3, 63.6 and 7.8%, respectively. AF 10% showed significantly (p$lt;0.05) higher maturation rate than others. 3. When the oocytes were cultured in Ham`s F10, maturation rate of oocyte FCS + AF showed significantly (p$lt;0.05) higher maturation rate(76.9%) than FCS only (50.8%).

H-Y 항체에 의한 토끼배의 성조절에 관한 연구 1 . 배의 발달과 형광 발현에 의한 자 웅 수정란의 분리

이창규(C . K . Lee),정구민(K . M . Chung),김수헌(S . H . Kim),임경순(K . S . Im) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.7

Antisera to histocompatibility (H-Y) antigen were used to immunologically presume the sex of rabbit embryos. H-Y antisera were prepared in inbred SD female rat by repeated immunization of spleen cells from males of same strain. The titre of H-Y antibody in antiserum was examined by mouse sperm cytotoxicity and biological tests. Experiments applied delaying ability of development of embryos in H-Y antiserum and binding ability of FITC labelled second antibody. After culture, embryos were observed their morphological characteristics under phase contrast microscope and detected fluorescence on embryos under fluorescence microscope. After detection of fluorescence, embryos were transfered to normal medium and observed their morphological characteristics. 1. When rabbit morula were treated with H-Y antiserum only, the rate of developed and delayed embryos was 47.2 and 52.8% respectively, and the rate of non-fluorescing and fluorescing embryos was 51.4 and 48.6%, respectively. 2. When rabbit morula were cultured in H-Y antiserum followed by complement, the rate of non-fluorescing and fluorescing embryos was 53.6 and 46.4%. respectively. 3. After detection of fluorescence, the embryos were cultured in normal medium. When embryos were treated with H-Y antiserum only, the rate of arrested and developed embryos was 20.8 and 79.2% respectively. However, when embryos were treated with H-Y antiserum followed by complement, the rate of arrested and developed embryos was 42.9 and 57.1% respectively.

비투과성 동해방지제 Trehalose 가 급속동결한 생쥐상실배의 생존성에 미치는 영향

김수헌(S . H . Kim),정구민(K . M . Chung),이창규(C . K . Lee),임경순(K . S . Im) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.12

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of trehalose and sucrose concentration as a nonpermeating cryoprotectant, and equilibration time at room temperature on in vitro development of mouse morula frozen by direct plunging from room temperature to liquid nitrogen The results obtained from this experiment are as follows: 1. When the morula were frozen-thawed ultrarapidly in 3.5M glycerol and 0.25 or 0.50M sucrose, the proportions of morphologically normal embryos and embryos developed to expanded blastocysts were slightly better in 0.50M than 0.25M, but, there was no difference in recovery rate of embryo between two treatments. 2. When the morula were frozen-thawed ultrarapidly in 3.5M glycerol and 0.25 or 0.50M trehalose, the proportions of embryos developed to expanded blastocysts were slightly better in 0.50M than 0.25M, but, there was no difference in recovery rate and the proportions of morphologically normal embryos between two treatments. 3. When the morula were frozen-thawed ultrarapidly in 3.5M glycerol and 0.50M sucrose or trehalose, the proportions of embryos developed to expanded blastocysts were slightly better in trehalose than sucrose. 4. In the equilibration time at room temperature, the proportions of embryos developed to expanded blastocysts were higher at 2..5 to 3 minutes than at shorter( (2minutes) or longer(5 to 10 minutes) minutes. 5. When mouse morula were equilibrated for 2.5 to 3 minutes in 3.5M glycerol and 0.50M trehalose at room temperature and frozen by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen, more than 85% embryos developed to expanded blastocysts after culture

토끼 할구 융합배의 H-Y 항체에 의한 성감별에 관한 연구 1 . 초기배 절단에 의한 자토 생산

임경순(K . S . Im),최화식(H . S . Choi),정구민(K . M . Chung),양보석(B . S . Yang) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.3

These experiments were carried out to examine development capacity of bisected blastomere by a simple hand method without micromanipulator from 4-cell to morula stage in rabbit. The results obtained from these experiments are as follows: 1) When rabbit embryos were bisected by hand method, both halves undamaged rate was 37.5(3/8). 65.5(33/52) and 65.2(43/66) in 4-8, 16-cell and morula stage, respectively. 2) When demi embryos were cultured, the percentage of bisected embryos developed into blastocysts was 75, 117 and 123% in 4-8, 16-cell and morula stage. respectively 3) When 30 demi-embryos from 16-cell and 70 demi-embryos from morula were transferred into 3 and 7 recipients, 3/30(10) and 6/70(8.9%) young obtained, respectively.

스펙트럼 변조를 이용한 청각정보의 촉감재현 가능성 연구

곽현구(Hyun-Koo Kwak),김희국(Whee Kuk Kim),정주노(Juno Chung),강대임(Dae Im Kang),박연규(Yon Kyu Park),구민모(Min-Mo Koo) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2011 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.28 No.5

Various approaches directly using vibrations of speakers have been suggested to effectively display the aural information such as the music to the hearing-impaired or the deaf. However, in these approaches, the human can't sense the frequency information over the maximum perceivable vibro-tactile frequency (around 1kHz). Therefore, in this study, an approach via spectral modulation of compressing the high frequency audio information into perceivable vibrotactile frequency domain and outputting the modulated signals through the designated speakers is proposed. Then it is shown, through simulations of using Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) with Hanning windows and through preliminary experiments of using the vibro-tactile display testbed which is built and interfaced with a notebook PC, that the modulated signal of a natural sound composing sounds of a frog, a bird, and a water stream could produce the noise-free signal suitable enough for vibro-tactile speakers without causing significant interfering disturbances, Lastly, for three different combinations of information provided to the subject, that is, i) with only video image, ii) with video image along with the modulated vibro-tactile stimuli as proposed in this study to the forearm of the subject, and iii) with video image along with full audio information, the effects to the human sense of reality and his emotion to given audio-video clips including various sounds and images are investigated and compared. It is shown from results of those experiments that the proposed method of providing modulated vibro-tactile stimuli along with the video images to the human has very high feasibility to transmit pseudo-aural sense to the human.