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경사식 및 소형 터널식 인삼 해가림 시설에서 생육, 병해, 고온 피해 비교
배영석(Yeoung Seuk Bae),임은성(Eun Sung Lim),서수정(Su Jeoung Suh),유진(Jin Yu),장인배(In Bae Jang),장인복(In Bok Jang),김동휘(Dong Hwi Kim),김영창(Young Chang Kim) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.29 No.6
Background: Ginseng cultivation is conducted in sun-shade facilities, and farmers are demanding new cultivation facilities with high durability and reusability. Methods and Results: In this study, three different sun-shade facilities, slope-shading type (SST), small connecting-tunnel (SCTT), and gradient-tunnel (GTT) were compared in terms of temperature and ginseng growth. The highest temperatures recorded, occuring at 13:00 on August 9, were 42.9℃ for the SCTT and 40.9℃ for the GTT. The SST was 38.5℃ at this time point, which was the lowest of the three treatment. When temperatures above 33℃ were cumulatively calculated from June to August, the SCTT was higher by 2,731.7℃ and 124.5℃ than the GTT and SST respectively. Plant length, stem length, leaf length, and leaf width were significantly higher in SCTT and GTT than in SST. The root weight was 14.7 g, 14.5 g, and 15.3 g in the SST, SCTT, and GTT, respectively, with the highest root weight in GTT. Anthracnose incidence was marginally higher in SST; 1.7% for the SST, 0.3% for the SCTT, and 0.2% for the GTT. Damage caused by high temperature was the highest in SST (8.0%), and was lower in SCTT (5.7%) and GTT (7.3%). Conclusions: We found that SCTT and GTT facilities are safe for ginseng cultivation. Future studies should investigate ways to lower the temperature, such as by installing light-shield film.
녹비작물 토양환원과 태양열 소독에 의한 3년생 인삼의 뿌리썩음병 억제효과
서문원(Mun Won Seo),이성우(Sung Woo Lee),이승호(Seung Ho Lee),장인복(In Bok Jang),허혜지(Hye Ji Heo) 한국약용작물학회 2019 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Background: Ginseng root rot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani is a major cause of replant failure in continuous cropping ginseng. Methods and Results: To control replant injury in soil infected with C. destructans and F. solani, biosolarization was performed by covering the plot with transparent polyethylene film after adding green manure of maize and sunflower for the summer season. Per 10 a, fresh and dry weight of maize was 10.1 and 2.5 tons, respectively, and that of sunflower was 8.1 tons and 1.2 tons, respectively. Mean maximum temperature at 20 ㎝ depth was 33.2℃, 41.5℃ and 41.8℃ in the control, maize-incorporated and sunflower-incorporated plots, respectively. The elapsed time over 40℃ was 36.4 h in the maize-incorporated plot and 77.3 h in the sunflower-incorporated plot. Biosolarization increased NO₃ content in soil, while content of organic matter, Ca, and Mg was decreased. Electrical conductivity, NOO₃ and P₂O<SUB>5</SUB> in soil significantly increased after two years of biosolarization. The number of spores of C. destructans in soil was significantly decreased by biosolarization, and sunflower treatment was more effective than maize treatment in decreasing the number of spores. Root yield of 3-year-old ginseng was significantly increased by biosolarization, however, there was no significant difference between maize and sunflower treatments. Rate of root rot in 3-year-old ginseng decreased to 16.5% with the incorporation maize and 5.0% with the incorporation of sunflower, while that in control 25.6%. Conclusions: Biosolarization was effective in inhibiting ginseng root rot by decreasing the density of root rot disease and improving soil chemical properties.
인삼 연작장해 유발토양과 억제토양의 화학성, 미생물상 및 뿌리썩음병 발생 특성
이성우(Sung Woo Lee),이승호(Seung Ho Lee),서문원(Mun Won Seo),장인복(In Bok Jang),권나영(Ra Yeong Kwon),허혜지(Hye Ji Heo) 한국약용작물학회 2020 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.28 No.2
Background: Suppressive soil inhibits soil-borne diseases if pathogens are present, and ginseng does not show injury even if replanted in the same field. Methods and Results: Soil chemical properties and microbial community of soil were investigated in soil suppressive and conducive to ginseng root rot. Root rot disease in 2-year-old ginseng was tested by mixing conducive soil, with suppressive or sterilized suppressive soil. The root rot ratio in suppressive soil was 43.3% compared to 96.7% in conducive soil. Biological factors acted to inhibit the root rot because disease ratio was increased in the sterilized suppressive soil compared to that in non-suppressive soil. The suppressive soil had lower pH, nitrate nitrogen and sodium than the conducive soil. Dominat bacteria and fungi (more than 1.0%) were 3 and 17 species in conducive soil and 7 and 23 species in suppressive soil, respectively. The most predominant fungi were Pseudaleuria sp. HG936843 (28.70%) in conducive soil and Pseudogymnoascus roseus (7.52%) in suppressive soil. Conclusion: Microbial diversity was more abundant in the suppressive soil than in the conducive soil, and the proportion of pathogens (Nectriaceae sp.) causing root rot was significantly lower in the suppressive soil than in the conducive soil.
장인배(In Bae Jang),문지원(Ji Won Moon),유진(Jin Yu),장인복(In Bok Jang),서수정(Su Jeoung Suh),전창후(Chang Hoo Chun) 한국약용작물학회 2019 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Background: High temperature damage in ginseng is influenced by shading materials related not only to temperature, but also to light intensity and light quality. To address, this green-colored khaki shading sheet is widely used. As they are recently, developed, there is limited research information about their attributes and use. Methods and Results: The four-layered shading net (FLSN), blue-colored shading sheet (BCSS), aluminum-coated shading board (ACSB), and green-colored shading sheet (GCSS) were installed in the wooden A type of sun-block facilities. Two layered black, shading net was additionally used to cover the facilities since the beginning of June. The average temperature at the facility where different shades were tested was in the order of BCSS (28.9℃) > FLSN (27.7℃) > GCSS (27.6℃) > ACSB (27.1℃). However, high temperature injury rates were in order: FLSN > ACSB > GCSS > BCSS. Root weight vaired and was in the order: ACSB > GCSS > BCSS > FLSN. Conclusions: High temperature damage is possible not only because of temperature increase, but also due to various environmental light factors. Ginseng high temperature injury was minimal when BCSS or GCSS were used by difference of light quality. Although the root weight was higher in ACSB, it could be vulnerable to high temperature damage. Therefore, we propose using GCSS for ginseng shading.
저온처리 온도와 상대습도가 2년생 인삼의 동해에 미치는 영향
서수정(Su Jeoung Suh),문지원(Ji Won Moon),권나영(Na yeong Kwon),장인복(In Bok Jang),김영창(Young Chang Kim),장인배(In bae Jang) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.29 No.3
Background: Abrupt cold, especially frost after seedling emergence, in spring causes servere losses in ginseng yield as it is a perennial crop and has a determinate growth. Although abnormal temperature occurs more frequently, the physiological aspects of ginseng to cold stress are poorly understood. Here we report the freezing response of ginseng under artificial conditions. Methods and Results: Cold treatment at -4℃ for 16 h resulted in a 21.4% damage rate in a cold chamber, however, no damage was observed at -2℃ and -4℃ for 2, 4, 6, or 8 h. High humidity increased the damage rate to 59.9% even at the higher temperature (RH 95%, -3℃) than the ambient temperature (RH 66%, -4℃) of the cold chamber. Seedlings early in the leaf expansion were damaged more than older ones. The quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of cold-damaged seedlings was lower than the control or seedlings without visual symptoms. The root weight of a damaged seedling one month after cold treatment was 58% of control. Conclusions: Our results suggested that visual symptoms are correlated with photosynthetic ability and yield after freezing stress in ginseng. We expect our results to contribute to the further understanding of ginseng freezing stress.
재배년수에 따른 인삼의 생육특성, 생리활성, 성분의 변화
문지원(Ji Won Moon),장인배(In Bae Jang),유진(Jin Yu),장인복(In Bok Jang),서수정(Su Jeoung Seo),이성우(Sung Woo Lee) 한국약용작물학회 2019 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.27 No.6
Background: Ginseng has been used as a medicine and functional food since ancient times. It is a perennial crop, and its whose commercial valuse increases with growing period and is affected by the atmosphere and soil environment. Methods and Results: In a selected field, we measured air temperature under a shade structure and soil physicochemical properties, and determied plant and root growth as well as ginsenoside and total polyphenol content of one- to five-year-old ginsengs plants. Although air temperature above 30℃ was recored for more than 37 days, no marked growth inhibition of ginseng was detected. Among all soil physicochemical properties, except for pH, were within the allowable range the shortage increases with ginseng years. In five-year-old ginseng, the quantity is about 9.7% higher than the average weight by standard, indicating that is not affected by temperature when grown under a shade structure. Three-year-old ginseng contained the highest total ginsenoside and total polyphenol levels and exhibited the greatest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Conclusions: The total ginsenoside and protopanaxadiol/protopanaxatriol ratio were both low at five-year-old ginseng plants, which was attributed to rapid growth of the root system in five-year-oid plants. There were no significant differences in total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity between.
서수정(Su Jeoung Suh),장인배(In Bae Jang),장인복(In Bok Jang),문지원(Ji Won Moon),유진(Jin Yu) 한국약용작물학회 2019 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.27 No.6
Background: Usually ginseng seeds are sown during autumn and spring. Sowing in spring often results in poorer seedling establishment than in autumn. One of the reasons for poor germination could be cold-treatment condition for breakage of physiological dormancy during winter. Here we tested the effects of storage temperature used during cold treatment on germination. Methods and Results: Germination properties were observed after dehiscent seeds were stored as wet and dry at 2℃, -2℃, -3.5℃ and alternating temperature (AT). Seed dryness and storage temperature affected germination properties (p < 0.01). Wet and AT condition germinated highest, and wet and -3.5℃ condition germinated lowest, which was 91.2% and 1.4% respectively. Mean germination time (MGT) of the wet and AT condition was faster than other treatments at 2.4 days, and the dry and -2℃ condition was the longest. Germination performance index (GPI) was highest for wet and AT condition (37.7%) and the lowest for wet and -3.5℃ condition (0.5%). The growth of above-ground and below-ground were the best for wet and 2℃ condition, and wet seeds showed better growth than dry seeds (p < 0.01). Conclusions: For cold treatment, ginseng seeds may not be stored below -2℃ for successful germination during spring sowing.
침수 시간과 침수 수위가 인삼 생육 및 광합성 특성에 미치는 영향
서수정(Su Jeoung Suh),문지원(Ji Won Moon),장인복(In Bok Jang),김영창(Young Chang Kim),김동휘(Dong Hwi Kim),유진(Jin Yu) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.29 No.6
Background: Abnormal climate change induces many environmental disasters, including flooding. Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is highly sensitive to waterlogging, but the experimental approaches to understanding the mechanism are relatively scarce. Methods and Results: Waterlogging was applied to 2-year-old ginseng plant in July under artificial conditions for 1, 2, 3, and 5 days at two different water levels: above the soil surface [WA(+)] and below the rhizome level [WA(-)]. Growth properties and photosynthetic characteristics were measured during waterlogging, and in the recovery period after waterlogging had stopped. Shoot death was evident in ginseng plants that were treated with WA(+) for 5 days. Growth inhibition in root diameter and root weight were severe when waterlogging lasted more than 3 days, and when the water level was above the soil surface. Chlorophyll fluorescences, F<SUB>v</SUB>/F<SUB>m</SUB>, was significantly decreased during the recovery period in WA(+) for 5 days. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were influenced after waterlogging, depending on waterlogging duration and water levels. Conclusions: The degree of damage to ginseng upon waterlogging was dependent on the duration and water level. These results will be helpful to understand the waterlogging response of ginseng, and suggest that photosynthetic characteristics can be used as an indicator of damage from waterlogging.