희토가 크림손 클로버와 헤어리 베치의 생산성과 사료가치에 미치는 영향

이종경(Joung Kyong Lee),윤세형(Sei Hyung Yoon),정민웅(Min Woong Jeong),김종근(Jong Geun Kim),박형수(Hyung Soo Park),임영철(Young Cheol Lim),김원호(Won Ho Kim),이상훈(Sang Hoon Lee),지희정(Hee Chung Ji) 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.29 No.1

초고는 크림손 클로버에 비하여 헤어리 베치가 높았으며, 희토 1회 처리시 크림손 클로버는 가장 낮았고, 헤어리 베치는 가장 좋아 상반된 결과를 보였다. 크림손 클로버와 헤어리베치의 평균 건물율은 각각 20.3%와 18.1%로 크림손 클로버의 건물율이 높았으며 희토 처리에 의한 건물율 차이는 없었다. 생초 수량은 크림손 클로버에 비하여 헤어리 베치가 많았으나 건물 수량은 생초 수량과 반대로 크림손 클로버가 많았으며 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 크림손 클로버와 헤어리 베치의 생초 수량과 건물 수량은 두 초종 모두 희토 1회 처리가 가장 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 사료가치는 크림손 클로버보다 헤어리 베치가 좋았으며, NDF와 ADF는 희토 1회 처리가 낮은 경향이었으나 조단백질과 소화율은 처리간에 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 크림손 클로버와 헤어리 베치가 희토에 반응하지 않았으며, 처리 횟수 간에도 영향이 없었다. The plant height of hairy vetch was high to comparing with crimson clover, and that of crimson clover was the lowest while that of hairy vetch was the highest with one application of rare earth. The dry matter content of crimson clover and hairy vetch were 20.3% and 18.1%, respectively, and the dry matter content between two species had little difference. In this study, the fresh yield of hairy vetch was higher than that of crimson clover, while the dry matter yield of crimson clover was higher than that of hairy vetch. But there were not significant difference between two species. Although the fresh and dry matter yield of both species were the high with one application of rare earth, there were not significant difference between three treatments of rare earth. The nutritive values of hairy vetch were higher than that of crimson clover. Neural detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content decreased with one application of rare earth. But crude protein (CP) and digestibility were not significant between rare earth applications.

2008년도 사일리지 품질경연대회에 출품한 청보리의 품질 평가

이종경(Joung Kyong Lee),김종덕(Jong Duk Kim),이현진(Hyun Jin Lee),전경협(Gyeong Heop Jeon),김종근(Jong Geun Kim),서성(Sung Seo),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),최진혁(Jin Hyuk Choi),조남철(Nam Chul Jo),박형수(Hyung Soo Park),김원호(Won Ho Ki 韓國草地學會 2009 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.29 No.4

최근에 청보리 사일리지는 국내에서 가장 많이 이용하는 조사료이지만 농가에서 제조한 사일리지의 품질에 관한 분석은 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2008년 사일리지 품질경연대회에 출품한 농가의 청보리 사일리지 33점의 품질을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 품질평가는 생산지역, 생산량, 첨가제 사용유무, 파종시기 및 수확시기에 따라 비교하였다. 청보리 사일리지 생산지역별 품질의 비교에서는 젖산 함량은 생산지역, 건물수량, 첨가제사용유무, 수확시기에서 처리간의 유의적인 차이가 있었으나, 다른 성분은 부분적으로 처리 간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 즉, 수분 함량은 농가의 건물수량에서, pH는 첨가제 사용유무에서, 조회분 함량은 첨가제와 파종시기에서 처리 간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 또한 조단백질은 생산지역, 조지방은 생산지역, 건물수량 및 수확시기에서 유의적인 차이가 있었으나, 비섬유성탄수화물은 파종시기에서 처리간에 차이가 있었다. 한편 조사료 평가의 중요한 요인인 NDF, ADF 및 RFV는 청보리 생산지역에서만 처리간에 차이가 있었다. 따라서 청보리 사일지리의 품질에서는 수분과 pH 뿐만아니라 화학성분과 유기산 평가도 중요한 요인으로 평가되었다. 특히 유기산 중에서 젖산 함량은 청보리 사일리지의 품질 평가에 중요한 요인으로 평가되었다. The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is now widely grown as a whole crop silage in Korea, but the quality of that silage does not examined from farms. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the forage quality of whole crop barley that was participated in Silage Quality Contest in 2008. These data were classified by region, dry matter (DM) yield, with or not additive, planting and harvest date. Difference on the lactic acid content of barley silage was detected in the region, DM yield, additive and harvest date (p<0.05), however, there were partially significant differences in chemical composition. There were significant differences among moisture content in DM yield, pH in additive, and crude ash content in additive and planting date of barley silage. Crude protein content was significant difference in the region, and ether extract content was in region, DM yield and harvest date, however, non-fiber carbohydrate was significant difference in planting date of barley silage. Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and relative feed value were significant difference only in the cultivation region of whole crop barley. According to this experiment, differences in the silage quality were observed among whole crop barley silages. Therefore, nutritive value as well as moisture and pH are important in silage quality evaluation of whole crop barley. Especially, lactic acid is an important factor for the evaluation of whole crop barley silage.

고랭지에서 재식 밀도 및 질소 시비 수준이 사일리지용 옥수수의 생육특성, 건물수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향

이종경(Joung Kyong Lee),박형수(Hyung Soo Park),정종원(Jong Won Chung),김종근(Jong Geun Kim),임영철(Young Chul Lim),김영근(Young Geun Kim),이성철(Sung Chul Lee),정재록(Jae Rok Jung),성경일(Kyung II Sung) 한국초지조사료학회 2005 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Effect of Rate and Timing of Reseeding on Productivity and Nutritive Value of Forages in Forest Fire Burnt Pasture

Joung Kyong Lee(이종경),Sei Hyung Yoon(윤세형),Young Cheol Lim(임영철),Hee Chung Ji(지희정),Ki Young Kim(김기용),Gi Jun Choi(최기준),Won Ho Kim(김원호),Jong Geun Kim(김종근),Hyung Soo Park(박형수),L. L. Tandang(탄당),Sung Seo(서성) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.3

2005년 4월 4일부터 6일까지 강원도 양양군에 대형산불이 발생하여 산림 250 ㏊를 포함하여 인근 농가의 목초지가 피해를 입었다. 따라서 본 연구는 산불 피해 초지에서 보파시기와 보파량이 초지의 생산성과 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 처리는 대조구, 산불발생 10일후에 추천 파종량의 30%와 50%, 20일후에 30%와 50% 보파를 포함하여 6처리를 공시하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 산불 피해 목초지에서 생산성과 사료가치에 미치는 보파의 효과는 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. On April 4 to 6, 2005, there was a huge fire in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea, which burned over 250㏊ of forests and 246 buildings including 160 houses. The effects of reseeding rate and timing on productivity and nutritive value of forages in the forest fire burnt pasture in this study were investigated. The effect of reseeding could not be seen in the burnt pastures in terms of forage productivity and quality in short term but there was a long-term effect particularly with higher reseeding rates at later days after the fire on forage botanical composition. We concluded that forest fire brought reduction in pasture forage yield for a short period but it did not make a significant effect for a long term.

비닐색이 라운드베일 목초 사일리지의 품질에 미치는 영향

김종근(Jong Geun Kim),정의수(Eui Soo Chung),서성(Sung Seo),김맹중(Meng Jung Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee),김종덕(Jong Duk Kim) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.3

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of wrap color on the quality of round baled grass silage at experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1997 to 1998. The experiment was consist of randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were three wrap color(white, black and light green). Wrap color did not affect chemical composition. Fiber components(ADF and NDF) of all silages after 2 months were higher than those of forages at ensiling. Among tested wrap colors, white color wrap resulted in lower pH than others (P〈0.05) but, there was no significant difference between black and green color. Dry matter content of green color was the highest among warp colors, but there was no signifiant difference (P〈0.05). Acetic and butyric acid contents of all plots were not found significant difference among wrap color and wrap color did not influence lactic acid and organic acid concentration. The effect of wrap color on the quality grade and DM loss also were not found significant difference. Results of this study indicate that wrap color does not influence the quality of silage.

여름철 폭염환경이 여성노인의 대사적변인 및 피로유발물질 생성에 미치는 영향

라경환(Ra Kyong-Hwan),이종경(Lee Jong-Kyong) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of extreme heat on metabolic factor and fatigue in elderly women. The subjects of this study were eight post-menopausal elderly women without any metabolic disease. All eight subjects were asked to do treadmill exercise(modified bruce's protocol) in the laboratory and experimental temperature within laboratory were adjusted to two condition: Extreme heat temperature(33±0.5°C), normal temperature(20±0.5°C) and maintained 50±3% humidity condition. Each experimental exercise were monitored and analyzed the change of fatigue material. Metabolic factor(total exercise time, unearobic threshold, VO2max) was a significant difference at exercise and recovery between two condition(p<.05). In extreme heat temperature, total exercise time, unearobic threshold and VO2max were more rapidly decreased, resulted in significantly lower than normal temperature(p<.05). Fatigue factor(ammonia, inorganic phosphate and lactic acid) was significantly increased at post-exercise compared to pre-exercise(p<.05), Fatigue factor were significantly decreased in extreme heat temperature(p<.05). These results show that elderly women can decrease their cardiorespiraory fitness and fatigue material on extreme heat temperature.

근적외선 분광법에 의한 사초의 성분추정

이효원(Hyo-Won Lee),김종덕(Jong Duk Kim),김원호(Won Ho Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구는 청예용 사초의 질을 신속하고 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 대안을 모색하기 위하여 수행하였다. 근적외선분광분석법을 이용한 사초의 분석가능성을 타진하기 위해 2002년부터 2007년에 거쳐 생산된 각종 사초 258점을 시료로 사용하였다. 즉 시료는 조단백질, 조섬유, NDF, ADF 그리고 건물소화율을 분석하였으며, 또한 NIR System으로 400~2,400㎚ 사이의 파장을 얻었다. 그리고 파장과 습식분석치를 이용하여 중회귀식을 만들고 이것을 사용하여 미지의 시료를 분석할 수 있는가를 검증하였다. 근적외선 분석법의 중요한 지표인 결정계수 r²와 표준오차이며 본 실험의 결과 검증식의 r²는 CP (crude protein), CF (crude fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber) 그리고 IVTD (in vitro true digestibility)에서 각 각 0.70, 0.86, 0.94, 0.94 그리고 0.89였다. 검량식은 그 값이 0.47, 0.39, 0.89, 0.90 그리고 0.61이었다. 본 실험 결과 근적외선분광법에 의한 청예사료 질평가가 가능하며 특히 조섬유, ADF 그리고 진정인비트로 소화율 (IVTD)에서 유효할 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 보다 정확한 결과를 얻기 위해서는 시료는 한국사초의 대표성을 갖는 것을 수집하여 사용해야 할 것이다. 앞으로 더 많은 시료를 추가하면 모든 사초를 분석할 강고한 검량식이 작성될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study was conducted to find out an alternative way of rapid and accurate analysis of forage quality. Near reflectance infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to evaluate the possibility of forage analysis and collect 258 samples such as barley for whole crop silage, forage corn and sudangrass from 2002 to 2007. The samples were analyzed for CP (crude protein), CF (crude fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and IVTD (in vitro true digestibility), and also scanned using NIRSystem with wavelength from 400~2,400㎚. Multiple linear regression was used with wet analysis data for developing the calibration model and validate unknown samples. The important index in this experiment was SEC and SEP. r² for CF, CP, NDF, ADF and IVTD in calibration set were 0.70, 0.86, 0.94, 0.94 and 0.89, also 0.47, 0.39, 0.89, 0.90 and 0.61 in validation sample, respectively. The results of this experiment indicates that NIRS was reliable analytical method to assess forage quality, specially in CF, ADF and IVTD, sample should be included for respective forage samples to get accurate result. More robust calibrations can be made to cover every forage samples if added representative sample set.

조사료 가치 평가를 위한 근적외선 분광법(NIRS)의 활용

박형수(Hyung-Soo Park),이종경(Jong-Kyong Lee),이효원(Hyo-Won Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2004 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.24 No.1

조사료의 곰팡이 발생과 곰팡이독소 오염

성하균(Ha Guyn Sung),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee),서성(Sung Seo),임동철(Dong Cheul Lim),김종덕(Jong Duk Kim) 한국초지조사료학회 2010 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.30 No.1

In order to ensure good animal health and performance, it is essential to produce forages with high feeding value and good hygienic quality. However, huge amounts of forages consumed by ruminants are contaminated with mold prior to harvest or during storage as hay, straw or silage. These mold can grow in forages only when nutrients are available, correct temperature exist, oxygen is present, and unbound water is available. Fungal species can be divided into two groups: field fungi and storage fungi. Field fungi invade the forages while the crop is still in the field, require high moisture conditions, and are such as species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Clodosporium, Diplodia, Gibberrella and Helminthosporium. Storage fungi invade forages during storage and need less moisture than field fungi. These such as species of Aspergillus and Penicillium usually do not occur any problem before harvest. Mold growth can spoil the nutritional aspects of the forages and also results in secondary metabolites that are highly toxic to animal, humans and plants. Moldy feeds are less palatable and may reduce dry matter intake. This, in turn, leads to a reduction of nutrition intake, reducing weight gains or milk production. Performance losses of 5 to 10 percent are typical with moldy feeds. Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by fungi (molds) growing on crops in the field or storages. While greater than 400 mycotoxins have been chemically identified, the biological or veterinary medical impact of only several mycotoxins is known. Mycotoxins have attracted considerable attention as potential causes for poor performance and health disorders in domestic livestock. They can be carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunosuppressive, estrogenic, or mutagenic. So, feeding moldy forages has adverse effects on animal health and milk consumers. Also, this author reported that rice straw hay was contaminated mycotoxigenic fungi such as Penicillium roqueforti and Fusarium culmorum in Korea. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop an improved post harvest storage method to reduce nutrient loss and mycotoxin contamination of forages, which will have a positive impact on human health.

배수불량 논에서 암거배수처리가 동ㆍ하계 사료작물생산에 미치는 영향

신재순(Jae Soon Shin),전종길(Jong Gil Jeon),이상봉(Sang Bong Lee),김원호(Won Ho Kim),윤세형(Sei Hyung Yoon),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee),김종근(Jong Guen Kim),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),서성(Sung Seo),임영철(Young Cheol Lim) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 시험은 천안시 성환읍에 위치한 배수가 불량한 논에서 사료작물재배를 위해 암거배수 간격을 3m, 5m 그리고 7m로 처리하고 여름 사료작물로는 옥수수와 수수×수수 교잡종, 겨울 사료작물로는 청보리를 조합하여 옥수수와 청보리 조합, 수수×수수 교잡종과 청보리 조합 등 2개의 작부체계에 대한 재배효과를 비교하기 위해 2006년 3월부터 2007년 5월까지 수행되었다. 배수간격별 출현율과 출수 시는 차이가 없었다. 출현율은 옥수수가 90%, 수수×수수 교잡종이 91%, 청보리가 92%로 조사되었다. 옥수수의 출수시는 7윌 26일, 수수×수수 교잡종은 7월 21일 그리고 청보리는 4월 27일이었다. 배수처리간격별 건물 수량의 경우, 3m간격 (24,389 ㎏/㏊)>5m간격 (23,543 ㎏/㏊)>7m간격 (21,527 ㎏/㏊) 순으로 높았는데 3m간격과 5m간격 간에는 유의차가 없었다. 작부체계간에는 수수×수수 교잡종과 청보리 조합(22,000 ㎏/㏊)이 옥수수와 청보리 조합(19,684 ㎏/㏊)보다 높았다(P<0.05). 배수간격별 조단백질 및 TDN 수량은 3m간격 (2,365 ㎏/㏊, 15,394 ㎏/㏊)>5m간격 (2,255 ㎏/㏊, 14,513 ㎏/㏊)>7m간격 (1,884 ㎏/㏊, 13,747 ㎏/㏊) 순으로 높았다. 작부체계별 조단백질과 TDN 수량은 수수×수수 교잡종과 청보리 조합(2,165 ㎏/㏊, 13,582 ㎏/㏊)이 옥수수와 청보리 조합(1,576 ㎏/㏊, 12,482 ㎏/㏊)보다 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합 해 볼 때 배수불량 논을 활용하여 조사료를 생산하기 위해서는 작부체계는 수수×수수 교잡종과 청보리 조합으로 배수간격은 5m간격이 적당한 것으로 사료된다. This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics, productivity of silage com and barley cropping, forage sorghum and barley cropping in accordance with Drainage Culvert Spacing at poorly drained paddy field in National Institute of Animal Science, at Seonghwan in Korea, March 2006 to May 2007. The emergency and flowering date were no different among treatments. Emergency rate and flowering date were 90% and July 26 in silage com, 91% and July 21 in forage sorghum, 92% and April 27 in barley, respectively. Dry matter yield was high in line with 3 m drainage culvert spacing (24,389 ㎏/㏊)>5m (23,543 ㎏/㏊)>7m (21,527 ㎏/㏊)>0m (14,132 ㎏/㏊). In cropping systems, dry matter yield of forage sorghum and barley (22,111 ㎏/㏊) was higher than silage com and barley (19,684 ㎏/㏊). Crude protein and TDN yield were high in line with 3m (2,365 and 15,394 ㎏/㏊)>5m (2,255 and 14,513 ㎏/㏊)>7m (1,884 and 13,747 ㎏/㏊)>0m (995 and 8,682 ㎏/㏊). In cropping systems, crude protein and TDN (total digestible nutrients) yield of forage sorghum and barley cropping system (2,165 and 13,582 ㎏/㏊) was higher than silage com and barley cropping system (1,576 ㎏/㏊ and 12,482 ㎏/㏊), respectively. Consequently proper drainage culvert Spacing at poorly drained paddy field was 5m with forage sorghum and barley cropping system.