조선 후기 영건의궤에 실린 안초공의 기능과 표기법 연구

이우종,Lee, Woo-Jong 한국건축역사학회 2018 건축역사연구 Vol.27 No.4

This study is focusing on anchogongs(按草工) in yeonggeonuigwes(營建儀軌), which were recorded with few details and in unsettled transcriptions. First, the positions and functions of anchogongs in $18^{th}$ censtury are analyzed by comparing to anchogongs in more detailed early $19^{th}$ century yeonggeonuigwes and those in extant buildings. Second, with the result, the historical significances are presumed in changing transcriptions of anchogong terms in those uigwes. In $18^{th}$ century uigwes, most of anchogongs are functioned as matbo-anchogongs and only four anchogongs in a gate building were used as jongryang-anchogongs. It is mainly because the sorts of buildings in $18^{th}$ century yeonggeonuigwes had only several varieties: most of the buildings belonging royal shrines. Transcriptions of anchogong terms had been changed for reflecting functional developments of anchogongs in $18^{th}$ century. However, reflections were much later than changes of actual functions.

Double-Punch Test에 의(依)한 콘크리트의 인장강도(引張强度) 시험(試驗)에 관한 연구(硏究)

이우종 ( Lee Woo Jong ),고재군 ( Koh Chae Koon ) 한국농공학회 1988 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study is to introduce the Double Punch test method which is an indirect testing method of tensile strength of concrete, and to compare with the tensile strength of concrete as determined by the split-cylinder test, a practical method for performing the Double Punch test to obtain the tensile strength of concrete is proposed and recommended for general use. In this study, the dimensions of cylindrical specimens used in the Double-Punch test were 15×30cm, 15×15cm, 10×20cm, and 5×10cm, and in the split-cylinder test were 15×30cm, 15×15cm, and 10×20cm. And the diameters of loading punches used in the Double-Punch test were 1.5cm, 2.5cm, and 3.5 cm. The results obtained from tests are summarized as follows ; 1. In the split-cylinder test, the tensile strength of concrete by the linear elasticity theory is similar to that of plasticity theory. 2. Both split-cylinder test and Double-Punch test, tensile strength of concrete is increased with decreasing specimen size. This tendency is identical when the ratio of specimen diameter to height is 1: 2, but that tendency is quite different when the ratio is 1: 1. 3. In the Double-Punch test, if specimen size is constant, by increasing the punch size, tensile strength of concrete is increased, too. 4. Using a 15×15cm cylinder specimen and 3.5cm diameter punch in the Double Punch test would give the most uniform and consistent result in tensile strength, and the result showed a good correlation with splitting tensile strength from 15×30cm specimen. 5. In order to obtain satisfactory results and to minimize variability, it is proposed that specimens of 15cm in diameter and 15cm in height with two 3.5cm diameter punches should be used. It seems, therefore, reasonable to take f't=0.0024 P(kg / ㎠) as a working formula for computing the tensile strength in the Double Punch test for concrete.

조선 왕릉 광중 탄격(壙中 炭隔) 조성의 배경과 시대적 변천

이우종(Lee Woo-Jong) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study is to trace historical process between the beginnings and disappearance of making charcoal powder layer in royal tombs of Joseon period. People had believed charcoal doesn't decay and has special quality to keep moisture, roots and bugs away from tombs, mainly because charcoal is 'dead' thing. Zhu Xi also believed that, and he recommended to protect burial hole with charcoal and plaster. The neo-confucianists who founded Joseon tried to make a compromise between Zhu Xi's formal tombs and Korean traditional burial chambers for new royal tombs of their new country. Thus, charcoal layer became a part of royal tomb and went through a couple of changes over 200 years, until it was no longer used.

한국 목조 건축물의 겹처마 목부재 연구

이우종(Lee Woo-Jong) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.7

The purpose of this study is to survey the wooden parts and structures of double-layered eaves in traditional Korean timber buildings, and to compare them with similar parts and structures refered in official architectural documents of Chinese dynasties, such as Yingzaofashi(營造法式) from Northern Song dynasty and Gongchengzuofazeli(工程做法則例) from Qing dynasty. Double layered eaves are a kind of architectural design constituents for high-grade buildings. They are eaves that have additional superimposed eaves at the tip of normal single-layered eaves. Double-layered eaves are composed of many parts like eaves rafters(cheomaseokkarae 처마서까래), additioanl rafters(buyeon 부연), eaves connectors(pyeonggodae 평고대), rafter-gap-blockers(buyeonchakko 부연착고), tile supporters(yeonham 연함), etc. There are some variation of their framing, and they can be clues for comparative studies on East Asian architecture.

조선시대 공포의 봉황두 발생 배경 연구

이우종(Lee, Woo-Jong) 대한건축학회 2014 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.30 No.5

The purpose of this study was to find out the origin of bonghwangdu(phoenix-head-ornaments) on bracketing units in Joseon period. For the purpose, early cases of bonghwangdu in dapo type and jusimpo type are analyzed at first. Second, architectural and cultural backgrounds of the ornaments on Joseon bracketing units are researched. And at last, the symbolic meanings of bonghwangs are compared with. The results of this study were as follows; bonghwangdu was probably decorated first in Buddhist buildings to simbolyze Garuda. it was originated around early 16th century, in jusimpo type bracketing units first, and adopted into dapo type bracketing units during mid and latter 16th century.

정족산사고 장사각(藏史閣)의 건축적 형태 연구

이우종(Lee, Woo-Jong) 대한건축학회 2014 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.30 No.9

The first purpose of this study is to find out the factors that gave jangsagak or sagak(pavilion keeping national annals) of Jeonjoksan sago(national archives storehouse) in Ganghwa island single-story elevation which was notably different from the other sagaks of local sagos that had double-story structure. The second purpose is to estimate the column arrangement and interior of jangsagak, which is indistinct for lack of historical materials. There were two factors that were possible to affect the single-story elevation of jangsagak; first, the influence of the building of Manisan sago, the former sago of Ganghwa island, which had diverted a single-story J aegung(purification house) to a storehouse; second, the need to consider the convenience of searching and carrying out the historical materials to perform the roll of substancial naesago(central storehouse of national archives). Unlike the contemporary rebuilt jangsagak, the side of original jangsagak is estimated to be composed of two or three kans at regular intervals of 2.7m. And, it is highly probable that original jangsagak had dense interior column arrangement. In both ends of jangsagak building, there could be lofts to adopt the advantage of double-story sagaks and to get the additional working area for the reference and taking out the historical materials.

노동조합이 있는 기업에서의 현금할당정책

이우종(Woo-Jong Lee),임상균(Seungbin Oh),오승빈(Sang-Giun Yim),유경화(Kyunghwa Yu) 한국회계정보학회 2016 한국회계정보학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.1

본 연구는 노동조합의 영향력이 강한 기업들이 한 단위의 현금을 창출할 때 그 현금을 어떻게 사용하는지를 검증한다. 현금흐름의 각 사용처간 상호관련성을 반영하기 위해 Dasgupta, Noe, and Wang (2011)의 연립방정식 방법론을 응용하였다. 1998년부터 2008년까지 대한민국 상장기업을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 노조가 강한 기업들은 한 단위의 현금흐름이 창출될 때, 이를 기업 내에 유보하거나 부채상환에 사용하는 경향이 약하다는 것을 발견하였다. 반면, 노조의 영향이 강한 기업들은 창출된 현금을 투자에 할당하는 경향이 강하게 나타났는데, 이는 기업의 비재무적 투자자들인 종업원들이 기업의 가치를 높이는 투자사업 추진에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 본 연구 결과는 노동조합이 기업의 자원할당에 미치는 영향을 연구할 때, 현금창출능력과 함께 각 사용처간 상호관련성을 고려하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 시사한다. How do unionized firms use an additional dollar from cash inflows? To answer this hitherto unexplored question, we adopt the system of equations developed by Dasgupta, Noe, and Wang (2011) to explicitly address possible interdependence of cash allocation decisions in unionized firms. Based on comprehensive firm-level unionization data for Korean companies from 1998 to 2008, we document that unionized firms allocate less cash to cash reserves and retirement of external financing than nonunionized firms do. More interestingly, we also find that unionized firms put a greater portion of cash inflows to investment. This unexpected result of greater investment in unionized firms is in fact consistent with the view that employees are an important non-financial stakeholder who naturally cares about the longterm survival of the company; thus, they do not necessarily suppress value-increasing investments. Overall, our findings suggest that researchers need to study cash flow sensitivities when examining interrelated cash allocation decisions.

신생(新生) 송아지에 있어서 Theileria sergenti의 감염(感染)에 관한 연구(硏究)

이우종 ( Woo Jong Lee ),이성식 ( Sung Sik Lee ),이재구 ( Jae Gu Lee ),백병걸 ( Byung Girl Baek ) 한국가축위생학회 1994 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

The rate of 58 neonatal calves in infection of Theileria sergenti was investigated in random samples on the farms located in Kyunggi, Chonbuk districts of Korea. 1. The criteria used in veryfying infection with T. sergenti included the detection of parasites by giemsa stain and acridine orange stain in the blood smear slides. 2. Further evidence of current or previous exposure to T. sergenti was based on demonstration of T. sergenti specific antibody and antigen by the western immunoblot and the directed immunofluorescent antibody test in the peripherial blood of the calves. 3. The prevalence rates were 35%, 50% in Kyunggi, Chonbuk provinces respectively and the overall prevalence in all the farms was 43.2% by means of acridine orange stain. 4. The parasites that were observed in the peripherial blood of calves was showen surely by the western immunoblot to the characteristic 34KD antigen among the proteins of T. sergenti (Korean isolate). 5. And the antigen of the neonatal calves reacted at the very highest titer(1:2, 560) 6. These data highlight the significances of T. sergenti in the neonatal calf disease in Korea.

영남지역 고대건축의 국제적 성격

이우종(Lee, Woo-Jong) 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2015 한국학논집 Vol.0 No.58

조선 시대 창방안초공의 기원과 변천 재고찰

이우종(Lee, Woo-Jong) 대한건축학회 2018 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.34 No.9

The purpose of this study was to reconsider existing hypotheses on the orinination and changes of changbang-anchogongs and their types and suggest an alternative hypothesis. The earliest changbang-anchogongs in 17<SUP>th</SUP> century is presumed to originate as imitations of chungbang ppaelmoks for ornamental and reinforcing parts for changbangs. They were framed whole sides of buildings equally, and were used in small numbers of extant royal buildings and Buddhist halls. From late 17<SUP>th</SUP> century, enlarged dragon shape changbang-anchogongs applied to Buddhist halls maily to decorate and strengthen front side of buildings. As a result of exchange between changbang-anchogongs and Ikgong type brackets, combined changbang-anchogongs in Buddhist halls were invented for stronger connection with upper bracketing units and have been spread during 18<SUP>th</SUP> century. Danpyeongbang anchogongs were originated by the connection between short pieces of pyeongbangs and early type of anchogongs similar to ppaelmoks. They belong to minority subtype, but were drawn in illustrations by mistake, as parts of main halls of royal palaces from 19<SUP>th</SUP> century, because of painter’s confusion about new techniques for changbang-anchogongs. Combined changbang-anchogongs for royal buildings were presumed to be invented in 1790s by stimulation from a Buddhist hall related to royal tomb. However, unlike Buddhist precedence, they were used to reinforce and decorate whole sides, even corners, of buildings, and their frameworks and shapes were imported from Daeryang-anchogongs at flanks of ritual halls in royal tombs and royal shrines from 17<SUP>th</SUP> century.