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A Scalable Audio Coder for High-quality Speech and Audio Services
이길호,이영한,김홍국,김도영,이미숙,Lee, Gil-Ho,Lee, Young-Han,Kim, Hong-Kook,Kim, Do-Young,Lee, Mi-Suk The Korean Society Of Phonetic Sciences And Speech 2007 말소리 Vol.61 No.-
In this paper, we propose a scalable audio coder, which has a variable bandwidth from the narrowband speech bandwidth to the audio bandwidth and also has a bit-rate from 8 to 320 kbits/s, in order to cope with the quality of service(QoS) according to the network load. First of all, the proposed scalable coder splits bandwidth of the input audio into narrowband up to around 4 kHz and above. Next, the narrowband signals are compressed by a speech coding method compatible to an existing standard speech coder such as G.729, and the other signals whose bandwidth is above the narrowband are compressed on the basis of a psychoacoustic model. It is shown from the objective quality tests using the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and the perceptual evaluation of audio quality(PEAQ) that the proposed scalable audio coder provides a comparable quality to the MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) audio coder.
네트워크 환경에서 서버용 음성 인식을 위한 MFCC 기반 음성 부호화기 설계
이길호,윤재삼,오유리,김홍국,Lee, Gil-Ho,Yoon, Jae-Sam,Oh, Yoo-Rhee,Kim, Hong-Kook 대한음성학회 2005 말소리 Vol.54 No.-
Existing standard speech coders can provide speech communication of high quality while they degrade the performance of speech recognition systems that use the reconstructed speech by the coders. The main cause of the degradation is that the spectral envelope parameters in speech coding are optimized to speech quality rather than to the performance of speech recognition. For example, mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) is generally known to provide better speech recognition performance than linear prediction coefficient (LPC) that is a typical parameter set in speech coding. In this paper, we propose a speech coder using MFCC instead of LPC to improve the performance of a server-based speech recognition system in network environments. However, the main drawback of using MFCC is to develop the efficient MFCC quantization with a low-bit rate. First, we explore the interframe correlation of MFCCs, which results in the predictive quantization of MFCC. Second, a safety-net scheme is proposed to make the MFCC-based speech coder robust to channel error. As a result, we propose a 8.7 kbps MFCC-based CELP coder. It is shown from a PESQ test that the proposed speech coder has a comparable speech quality to 8 kbps G.729 while it is shown that the performance of speech recognition using the proposed speech coder is better than that using G.729.
이길호(Lee, Gil Ho),이승민(Lee, Gil Ho),이진(Lee, Jin),김상화(Kim, Sang Hwa),나원규(Na, Won Kyu),김은영(Kim, Eun Young) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2017 생활과학연구논총 Vol.21 No.2
This study was to predict the effects of mobile coupons on consumer engagement, impulse buying, and purchasing behaviors for fashion brands. A self-administered questionnaire was developed for data collection and included attributes of mobile coupons, consumer engagement, impulse buying, and consumer behavior (brand loyalty, brand switching, and intention to use a mobile coupon). A total of 142 usable responses were obtained from university students who had redeemed a mobile coupon for the purchase of fashion brands. The sample represented a greater number of females than males. The findings demonstrated that the attributes of mobile coupons consisted of three factors: enjoyment, ease of use, and usefulness. Of these factors, enjoyment significantly influenced consumer engagement with the mobile coupon, which led to impulse buying behavior. Brand loyalty and brand switching were also significantly influenced by consumer engagement with fashion brands’ mobile coupons. Finally, this study discussed fashion marketers’ managerial implications for developing and effectively managing mobile promotional strategies through mobile devices in the fashion retail market.
와비-사비의 일상미학적 해석을 통한 실내디자인의 표현특성에 관한 연구
이길호(Lee, Kill-Ho),이정욱(Lee, Jung-Wook) 한국실내디자인학회 2011 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.20 No.3
Today aesthetics expression could be a ‘Everyday-life Beauty’, because today art & design are closely related with a contemporary life. This thesis dealt with a everyday-life and sensitive design which sublimate from everyday-life material to the concept of aesthetics, such a purpose of this thesis establishes a base of everyday-life design through everyday-life aesthetics. This purpose made to pay attention to Japan’s aesthetics concept, because Japan has been maintained and developed its own everyday-life aesthetics. Even if Japan doesn’t have only everyday-life aesthetics, it is useful that is studies as some kind of a prototype. So this study analyzed about a everyday-life aesthetics and the expression method through the case-study of Japan. According to Yonagi Muneyoshi and Leonard Koren, the Wabi-Sabi has three conceptual characteristics like impermanent, incomplete, and imperfect and six expression characteristics like implication, tranquility, simplicity, coarseness, purity, and association. This study process is as follows. In the first a vocabulary of interior design was derived from three conceptual characteristics and six expression characteristics, and spatial facts was abstracted from it, and then volume, form, and then shape of composition facts of interior space was extracted from it. Finally the expression characteristics of the Wabi-Sabi in interior design was derived from these processes. In conclusion, the expression characteristics of the Wabi-Sabi in interior design is the transitional space through a Shadow, the conversional space through form and material composition, and the Copying space through a natural friendship.
이온 주입 공정시 발생한 실리콘 내 결함의 제어를 통한 p+ - n 초 저접합 형성 방법
이길호(Kil-Ho Lee),김종철(Jong-Choul Kim) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1997 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.6 No.4
트랜지스터의 소오스/드레인 접합 특성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 이온 주입시 발생한 실리콘 내에 발생한 결함이라는 사실에 착안하여, 기존 소오스/드레인 접합 형성 공정과 다른 새로운 방식을 도입하여 이온 주입에 의해 생긴 결함의 제어를 통해 고품질 초 저접합 p^+-n 접합을 형성하였다. 기존 p^+ 소오스/드레인 접합 형성 공정은 (49)^BF₂ 이온 주입 후 층간 절연막들인 TEOS(Tetra-Ethyl-Ortho-Silicate) 막과 BPSG(Boro-Phospho-Silicate-Glass)막을 증착 후 BPSG막 평탄화를 위한 furnace annealing 공정으로 진행된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 기존 공정과는 달리 층간 절연막 증착 전 저온 RTA 첨가 방법, (49)^BF₂와 ¹¹B을 혼합하여 이온 주입하는 방법, 그리고 이온 주입 후 잔류 산화막을 제거하고 MTO(Medium temperature CVD oxide)를 증착하는 방법을 제시하였으며, 각각의 방법은 모두 이온 주입에 의한 실리콘 내 결함 농도를 줄여 기존의 방법보다 더 우수한 양질의 초 저접합을 형성할 수 있었다. From the concept that the ion implantation-induced defect is one of the major factors in determining source/drain junction characteristics, high quality ultra-shallow p^+-n junctions were formed through the control of ion implantation-induced defects in silicon substrate. In conventional process of the junction formation, p^+ source/drain junctions have been formed by (49)^BF₂^+ ion implantation followed by the deposition of TEOS(Tetra-Ethyl-Ortho-Silicate) and BPSG(Boro-Phospho-Silicate-Glass) films and subsequent furnace annealing for BPSG reflow. Instead of the conventional process, we proposed a series of new processes for shallow junction formation, which includes the additional low temperature RTA prior to furnace annealing, (49)^BF₂^+/¹¹B^+ mixed ion implantation, and the screen oxide removal after ion implantation and subsequent deposition of MTO (Medium Temperature CVD oxide) as an interlayer dielectric. These processes were suggested to enhance the removal of ion implantation-induced defects, resulting in forming high quality shallow junctions.