직업적(職業的) 특성(特性)이 조직커미트먼트에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관한 연구(硏究)

김준식 ( Joon-sik Kim ),윤봉현 ( Bong-hyun Yoon ) 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2000 지역산업연구 Vol.22 No.1

The citizens of Korea want to get better administrative service. The government is also eager to improve productivity of employees and establish a positive attitude toward public officers. Public officers themselves expect people to recognize their job as a good occupation so that they can work with self-confidence. In reality, they have a low commitment to their job because of their indifference to the nature of public careers, a negative peace-at-any-price principle along with idleness without rationalism. The solution to these problems is to improve organizational commitment, The existing research has mostly been conducted by private institutions and pays litt1e attention to human psychology A lot of the existing research excludes job satisfaction as a factor in the study models, though some research shows that job satisfaction can influence organizational commitment. Considering the above, I selected several factors that affect the organizational commitment of public officers such as demographics, individuality, occupational specialty, and job satisfaction. Organizational commitment is viewed as a multi-dimensional concept and hypothesis were formulated under those assumptions. The affective factors to the organizational commitment of public officers of our country were derived from a test of hypothesis. The way to improve the organizational commitment of public officers was found in this manner and I suggest here an alternative for the government or its provincial agencies. The outcome of the analysis shows a high continuous commitment among males having poor academic background and a short length of service. Stability, authoritarianism, and a sense of duty have a meaningful influence on continuous commitment. Job satisfaction also has a positive effect. The group of males with a short length of service shows high affective commitment and autonomy. This has a positive influence on the general characteristics. Occupational specialty has a negative relationship with stability and public servant spirit. The threat of lay-offs and authoritarianism have a positive influence. Job satisfaction also shows a positive relationship. In case of normative commitment, it was high in the group of high academic career, high-ranking officers and long length of service. Creativity and learning positively affected general characteristics. Occupational specialty has a positive relationship with the sense of duty and public servant spirit. So, I suggest that we can improve the organizational commitment of public officers with the following programs: First, continuous commitment cannot always be improved with extended length of service, so we can expect administrative efficiency and activation of organization when an age-limit system for each promotion is introduced for high level positions. Affective commitment level was decreased with a growing length of service. For the employees who worked for a longer period, hobbies or educational programs are needed to compensate for their psychological loss and emotional balancing. Encouraging informal clubs can be helpful. Employees who have low academic careers need to have many educational opportunities from the government or the chance to go to night school. Those who have high academic career also must get further education or be encouraged to go to graduate school. Society is developing rapidly into an information-dominated environment so public officers should adapt themselves not only for the purpose of work but also for their future life by continuing their education. Second, autonomy is an important factor, so the authorized limit of right should be enlarged properly when responsibility is increased. Rules and organization require flexibility. Strong desire to study gives a positive influence to normative commitment, A system that can satisfy intellectual or self-developing desires should be introduced, such as foreign language classes, encouraging upper level schooling, inviting lecturedrs who are specialized in certain fields employees want to learn, etc. The improvement of public officers' knowledge and upgrading their quality is helpful for both job efficiency and better administrative service. Third, reducing stability and authoritarianism will strengthen public servant spirit. Ability-focused systems, age-limit systems for each promotion, and objective personnel policies should be established to break down old bureaucracy in the government, its provincial agencies. and parliament. The introduction of regular and partial lay-offs could also be taken into consideration. Fourth, to elevate the level of normative commitment, a proposition system should be activated. Excellent propositions will be analysed to find out their effects and the proposing public officer could be promoted or rewarded, A proposition system requires a very autonomous and mutually cooperative environment. A bureaucratic and stiffened environment will stifle that. Fifth, public servant spirit and the sense of duty that makes employees feel their sacrifice to society worth the public benefit have to be raised from the bottom of their heart because normative commitment has a positive relationship on those. Salaries need to be almost the same as private company employees' and public officers should feel that citizens recognize their job a good occupation in society. People should exert themselves to discover public employees' good aspects rather than bad ones such as corruption, idleness without rationalism, indifference to the nature of public careers, authoritarianism, red-tapism or formalism. On the other hand, public officers should establish strict discipline inside their group by disciplinary action or proper penalties and are should promote social stability by proving to citizens that they are a very honest, sincere and faithful group. This way, the whole family of public officers will make it an honor to be a public servant under the new administrative culture.

家兎에 있어서 脾臟切除, Chlorphenesin, Chloramphenicol 및 Cortisone이 免疫反應에 미치는 影響

尹奉鉉 中央醫學社 1971 中央醫學 Vol.21 No.3

The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the effect of splenectomy, chlorphenesin, chloramphenicol and cortisone on the' immune responses to goat red blood cells and Salmonella typhi H901 and 0901 (11901 and 0901) and the following results were obtained. The agglutinating antibody titers to H901 and 0901, and the hemolysine titers to goat red blood cells were lower in splenectomized rabbits than in sham-opersted controls. There was no significant difference in antibody titers to H901 and 0901 antigens in both control and splenectomized rabbits. The hemolysin titer was some what higher in control and splenectomized rabbits when the antigens were given by intraperitoneal route than by intravenous and subcutaneous routes. The hemolysin and agglutinating antibody to H901 and 0901 were characterized by peak in titer 14 or 21 days after the single injection of antigens, and thehemolysin titer slowly decline 28 days after the antigen injection. The secondary immune response of splenectomized and control rabbits to goat= red blood cells and H901 antigens were observed when the second injection of the antigens was done 35 days after the first injection, suggesting the regenerated splenules in the splenectomized rabbits and nonsplenic antibody-forming organs may continue the synthesis of additional antibody by compensatory mechanism.

診斷이 어려웠던 Crohn氏病 1例

尹奉鉉 中央醫學社 1971 中央醫學 Vol.21 No.3

A case of Crohn's Disease which hard to detected by physical examination, barium enema, and other laboratory examination. Later it was found to have -extended lesion: along the ascending colon and cecum on exploratory laparotomy, and final diagnosis was Crohn's disease confirmed by postoperative histological examination. A simple stage operation was performed by radical right hemi Colectomy.