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김석수(Seog Soo Kim),오형근(Hyung Khun Oh),박서연(Seo Yeon Park) 한국경영학회 2011 經營學硏究 Vol.40 No.6
In the globalizing market, internationalization is one of the core strategies that influence growth and performance of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The growth through international expansion brings economies of scale and scope. However, it is also well known that the growth adds complexity to a firm which is usually difficult to manage. MNEs, hence, are often faced with the strategic dilemma in regard to the degree of internationalization (DOI). The effect of DOI on firm performance remains unconfirmed in spite of many attempts to empirically examine it. The inconsistent results can be attributed to the point that the relationship is much more complex and dynamic than thought so far. It can also be because the researchers have overlooked possible effects of the internationalization process. In other words, the performance of MNEs with the same DOI might be different if they have gone through different processes in implementing their internationalization strategies. Therefore, we focus on the three aspects of internationalization process; how rapidly an MNE reaches a certain DOI (speed), how broad the business in which the firm operates is (scope), and how regular and rhythmical the international expansion is (regularity). In this regard, this study was conducted with the following objectives; (1) to examine the performancerelated consequence of DOI, (2) to explore the moderating effects of the three variables associated with the internationalization process and (3) to provide a more integrative framework that guides toward the optimal DOI and directs the process in which MNEs attain the DOI. For this research, four hypotheses were developed. First, the relationship between DOI and firm performance is expected to be inverted U-shaped. However, the relationship can be affected by the speed of internationalization process. If the speed is moderate, the MNE can achieve more benefits from international expansion before reaching the optimal point of DOI and avoid the sudden decrease in profitability of further internationalization beyond the point. On the other hand, when the speed is too high, the MNE may obtain less benefits and suffer from greater costs of international expansion. In addition, the performance effect of DOI can vary with the business scope an MNE operates. Finally, the irregularity of internationalization process is expected to negatively moderate the relationship between the DOI and firm performance. In other words, it would be better to continue the gradual expansion within a proper period, pause while it is adapted, and re-expand before it forgets what it has learned rather than to reach a certain DOI through sudden expansion and continued non-expansion. The hypotheses were examined with the research sample of 218 manufacturing firms which were publicly listed in the Korean Stock Exchange as of March 2009. The result of regression analysis shows the U-shaped relationship between DOI and firm performance, i.e., firm performance declines to the optimal point of DOI but starts to improve beyond the point owing to the scale economies and the learning effect. However, this U-shaped relationship is shown to vary with the characteristics of internationalization process. First, the internalization speed moderates the relationship between DOI and firm performance positively. Before reaching an optimal point, the speedier the internationalization process gets, the more negative the effect of DOI on firm performance gets. However, once DOI exceeds the optimal level, the speedier the process is, the more positive the performance effect of DOI is. Regularity of internationalization is also shown to affect the performance-related consequence of DOI. As the internationalization process gets irregular, the effect of DOI on firm performance shifts from the U-shaped to the inverted U-shaped. With the sudden radical expansion and the long-term inactivity, an MNE recognizes some difficulties in absorbing the knowledge and exp
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Antecedents of Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation and Its performance
Han-soun Woo(우한성),Seog-soo Kim(김석수),Hyung-khun Oh(오형근) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2009 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.9 No.4
오늘날 같은 급변하는 세계경제 환경 속에서 조직의 지속적 성장에 지대한 영향을 미치는 혁신에 대한 연구는 경영학의 모든 분야에서 활발히 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 이러한 가운데, 본 연구에서는 탐험적 혁신과 활용적 혁신의 선행요인을 자원기반관점에 초점을 맞추어 살펴보았다. 두 가지 혁신의 선행요인들을 검증하기 위해서 기업 자원뿐만 아니라 기업문화의 측면에서 기업의 구조적인 특성-유연성, 명문화, 사회적 관계의 강도-과 혁신과의 관계를 검증하였다. 또한 혁신과 성과 간에 관계를 조절해주는 조절 변수로서 환경의 역동성의 효과를 검증하였고, 변화하는 환경 속에서 기업이 혁신에 전략적으로 투자하는 방법에 대한 실증자료를 제시하고자 하였다.
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