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카르복실산 합성전구체로서의 (合成前驅體) 옥탄나트릴의 생성반응에 관한 연구
김용인,오양환,김광식,이동우 ( Yong In Kim,Yang Hwan Oh,Kwang Sik Kim,Dong Woo Lee ) 한국유화학회 1989 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.6 No.2
Using the quarternary ammonium salts as phase transfer catalyst, the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-chlorooctane with sodium-cyanide was investigate kinetically with respect to the formation of octanenitrile. The product was analyzed with gas chromatograph, and quantity of octanenitrile was measured. The reaction condition was considered by the effect of the reaction temperature, of the species and the amount of catalyst, of the speed of strirring, and of the concentration of reactants. The reaction was carried out in the first order on the concentration of 1-chlorooctane and sodium cyanide, respectively. The over-all order was 2nd. The activation energies for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-chlorooctane and 1-bromooctane under tetrabutylammonium hydrogen-sulfate were calculated as 2.05 and 10.08kcal/mol, respectively. The effect of various caltalysts was decreased in the order of tetrabutylammonium bromide, terabutylammonium, tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate, and tetrabutylammonium lodide. The reaction rate was dependent on the concentration of sodium-cyanide dissolved in the aqueous phase, and the good result was shown when the mol ratio between 1-chlorooctane and sodium cyanide was one per three.
조성철 ( Seong Cheol Cho ),오양환 ( Yang Hwan Oh ),임석연 ( Seok Yeon Im ) 한국유화학회 2011 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.28 No.1
We estimated on the stability of W/O type emulsified fuel using by capacitance sensor, so it concluded the following conclusions. For the first 24 hours, prepared emulsified fuel reveals phase separation ratio of 5%, maintains stable status which verifies the stability of emulsified fuel. Adding more water increases the phase separation ratio rapidly, and adding more surfactant displays stable emulsification. Adding water causes larger size of water droplet diameter, and adding surfactant mixture causes smaller size of water droplet diameter. In conclusion, the size of W/O type emulsified fuel water droplet diameter is directly related to the volume of surfactant, and density of water droplet diameter changes the distribution according to water contents.
조성철(Seong-Cheol Cho),오양환(Yang-Hwan Oh),임석연(Seok-Yeon Im) 한국유화학회 2014 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.31 No.3
The objectives of this study was to examine experimentally the microexplosion phenomena of single droplet W/O(water-in-oil) type emulsified fuel. Also, measured the combustion characteristics of single droplet emulsified fuel for microexplosion phenomena in atmospheric pressure condition. The larger quantity of adding water makes microexplosion phenomenon with higher intensity of sound level, because larger water droplet has better coalescence for emulsified fuel. The small quantity of adding water makes puffing with lower sound level intensity. In latter period of extinction, large size droplet of the emulsified fuel breaks down rapidly to small size droplet, and microexplosion phenomenon occurs with multi step combustion.
이온성 계면활성제의 미셀화에 대한 온도 및 전해질의 영향
金容仁,洪昌龍,吳亮煥 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-
The surface tension in aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide has been measured by the ring method as a function of concentration at different temperatures from 25 to 60℃. We discuss thermodynamic properties of aqueous surfactant solutions in terms of temperature dependance of enthalpy and entropy of micelle formation of this surfactant. The effect of electrolyte on the cmc is also examined at several concentrations of added sodium sulfate at several temperatures. The cmc values were found to be increased with the increase of temperature, and decreased with the increase of electrolyte concentration. At this temperature range micelle formation is exothermic, and the standard free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes were decreased with increasing the temperature.
Badische Acid의 아조커플링 反應에 關한 硏究
金容仁,吳亮煥 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.2
The coupling reaction of Badische acid with diazotized aniline and 9 sorts of monosubstituted benzenediazonium salts have been studied kinetically in an aqueous solution buffered at pH 7. 10. The coupling reaction with diazotized p-nitroaniline proceeded 380 times more rapidly than that with the benzenediazonium salt, which is coupled 40 times faster than the diazotized p-nitroaniline. The azocoupling reaction of Badische acid, which shows the steric hindrance effect on the adjacent position of the coupling, with m-nitrobenzenediazonium chloride proceeded 50 times slower than that of Bronner acid, 60 times slower than that of Amino-F acid, and the reaction of Amino-G acid which has the steric hindrance and the -I effect proceeded 2 times slower than that of Badische acid. The fact that the rate of coupling reaction depends on the ionic strength permitted the reaction mechanism explaining the reaction between the sulfonate anion and the diazonium cation. A linear free energy relationship has been essentially observed except for some parasubstituted active components, for which the extended Hammet plot treated by Yugawa-Tsuno permits a good liner relationship when considering the mesomeric effect, and the calculated reaction constant, ρ, of these azocoupling reaction is +3.22, and the reaction contribution, γ, is calculated as 0.44 at 20℃. The activation energies measured in the coupling reaction of Badische acid with diazotized aniline, p-nitroaniline, m-nitroaniline, sulfanilic acid, p-chloroaniline, p-bromoaniline, p-iodoaniline, m-toluidine, p-toluidine and p-anisidine are 15.73, 8.70, 10.25, 11.52, 13.24, 13.05, 14.26, 16.51 18.22 and 20.38 Kcal/mol, respectively. It was also considered that the transition state was shown to be product-like rather than reactant-like from the correlation of Frontier orbital HOMO-LUMO approach relating with reaction constant and the modified substituent constant.
N-acyloxyethylcarboxybetaine 형 양성계면활성제의 합성과 물성에 관한 연구
오양환,김용인,소희준,김병기 한국유화학회 1989 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.6 No.1
Five novel amphoteric surfactants of N-acyloxyethylcarboxybetaine series were synthesized via Schotten-Baumman reaction between five acid chlorides containing 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms in their N-alkyl groups and dimethylaminoethanol to give the intermediate products, 2-dimethylaminoethylalkanoates(2). Quaternization of these products(2) was permitted to from 2-(acyloxyethyldimethylammonic)- acetates(3), whose structures were identified by elemental analysis, IR spectrophotometry and ^1Hnmr spectrometry. The yield of the final products was shown in the range of 77-80% based on the intrmediate products. The surface tension of the aqueous solution of (3) was measured, and the critical micelle concentrations (cmc) were shwn in the range of 2.1×10exp(-3) - 3.3×10exp(-4)mol/l, and the surface tension at cmc was 28-36 dyne/com. Cmc waw lowered gradually by the increment of the length of N-alkyl ester containing group. The isoelectric point was shown in the range of 4.44-5.20. It showed a tendency to lean toward the acidic site and its range was broadened as increase of the hydrophobic group length. A linear relationship between log cmc and the number of carbon atoms(N) in the hydrophobic alkyl chain was shown in the relative equation of log cmc=-1.75-0.1N, and the contribution rate of N on the standard free energy change in micellization, △(△G˚m)/△N, was calculated as-0.23 RT.