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      • KCI등재후보

        La traduction dans le cinéma coréen

        앙트완코폴라 서울대학교 외국어교육연구소 2014 외국어교육연구 Vol.- No.-

        La traduction en Corée est marquée par les Pyeonsa, des bonimenteurs chargés de filtrer par leur interprétation orale les idées venues de ce nouveau média exotique du 19e siècle. La colonisation japonaise puis le protectorat américain ont de même orienté les traductions. Les dictatures locales jusqu'aux années 1980 n'ont pas souhaité l'exportation des films coréens jusqu'à ce que ces derniers s'internationalisent d'eux-mêmes. Une nouvelle donne pour les traducteurs apparut au début des années 2000. Trois étapes se distinguent : Les Pyeonsa et les premiers traducteurs domestiquaient ou « exotisaient » les dialogues étrangers. Parallèlement, le souci permanent de l'image extérieure du pays a suscité une neutralisation-édulcoration du coréen exporté comme en attestent les retraductions successives. Les nouveaux dialogues internationalisés, plus aisément traduisibles, oscillent, actuellement, entre novlangue et esthétique intégrée dans une intertextualité trans-linguistique. The translation in the Korean Cinema is marked by the Pyeonsa, barkers (live storytellers) who used to filter by their oral interpretation the ideas from this new exotic media of the 19th century. The Japanese colonization then the American protectorate had also influenced the translations. The local dictatorships until 1980s did not wish to spread abroad the Korean movies until it became international by itself. A new situation for translators appeared at the beginning of the 2000s. So three steps can be distinguished: Pyeonsa and first translators balanced between domestication or foreignization. In parallel, the permanent concern of the outside image of the country aroused a “neutralization-bowdlerization” of the Korean dialogues translated as indicated by successive new translations. The new internationalized dialogues, more easily translatable, oscillate, nowadays, between novlangue and an integrated aesthetic into a translinguistic intertextuality.

      • Cinéma et <le Mal d'archive> de Derrida

        앙트완코폴라 성균관대학교 트랜스미디어연구소 2019 트랜스- Vol.6 No.-

        One day, at the end of a symposium about the famous movie "The Battle of Algiers" in Pontecorvo, someone said that the true story was too difficult to trace (that is, what really happened) so it had to be created (in the sense of making it up). I was so surprised by this anti-historical conclusion that I couldn't answer. We can make history as much as possible to the extent that serious and free historians can do their job. Max Stirner said, "We can't be free of everything, but we can try to make our writings as free as we are." If we bring this idea back to history, it means that just because history is the result of human research doesn't mean it has to be distorted. Man can't be trusted, but he's also perfectable. As a film historian, the important questions are what constitutes an archive, (Derrida's Mal d'Archive, which develops thinking about the building of knowledge according to Foucault, is very relevant here) and how to use them, in particular, in movies, fiction or documentary. Un jour, à la fin d'un symposium autour du célèbre film « La Bataille d'Alger » de Pontecorvo, quelqu'un a dit que l'histoire véridique était trop difficile à retrouver (à savoir ce qu'il s'était vraiment passé), il fallait donc la créer (dans le sens d'inventer). J'étais si surprise par cette conclusion anti-historique que je n'ai pu répondre. Nous pouvons faire l'historique autant que possible dans la mesure ou des historiens sérieux et libres pourront faire leur travail. Max Stirner a dit « Nous ne pouvons être libre de tout, mais nous pouvons tenter de faire nos êcrits aussi libres que nous sommes ». Si nous rapportons cette idée à l'Histoire, cela veut dire que ce n'est pas parce que l'histoire est le résultat des recherches faites par des humains qu'elle doit être faussée. L'homme est faillible mais il est aussi perfectible. En tant qu'historien du cinema, les questions importantes sont de savoir ce qui constitue une archive, (le Mal d'archive de Derrida, qui développe la pensée sur la constitution de la connaissance selon Foucault, intervient très à propos, ici) et comment les utiliser, dans les films en particulier, fiction ou documentaire.

      • KCI등재

        Le sens dans les films transculturels : Le cas du film « La Bataille d'Alger »

        앙트완코폴라 한국영상문화학회 2013 영상문화 Vol.0 No.21

        Related to post-colonial theories, this text wish to study the italo-algerian movie “The Battle of Algier”, archetype of the third-world and anti-imperialist movie. The comparatives analysis, awarded of the local struggling contexts, reveal the challenges of the third-worldism dealing with history. We discuss the comments of Edward Saïd, theorist of the post-colonialism, on the “Battle of Algier”. Saïd asked what a foreigner “was looking for by making a movie on the third-world revolution”. Saïd suspect them of an intellectual neo-colonial intervention. We try to answer using the concepts of “message metatemporal”, “Praxis” and “rhizome of transcultural significations”. We notice that, in both cases, the authorities, welcoming the strangers, wished to send a message to the world and to their people using some “metatemporal” messages legitimatised by the foreigner's point of view. But the film-makers tried to overpass this situation by “tracing” or adapting their own visions of the facts. And they have done it in echo of the western situation (from the third-woldism of Frantz Fanon, to the culturalism of Antonio Gramsci) to experiment a “praxis” in Algeria. At the end, it is less an one-way neo-colonial intervention than a creative encounter which produce a rhizome of senses based on a real and practical experience (praxis) able to receive ideas born elsewhere. So, the answer to Saïd go through another question : what is a transcultural reality? En écho aux théories postcolonialistes, ce texte analyse le film italo-algérien « La Bataille d'Alger », archétype du film tiers-mondiste et anti-colonialiste, en tenant compte des contextes locaux agités qui révèlent les enjeux du tiers-mondisme historique. Nous discutons les commentaires de Edward Saïd, théoricien du post-colonialisme, sur le film « La Bataille d'Alger ». Saïd se demandait ce qu'un étranger pouvait « chercher en faisant un film sur la révolution coloniale du Tiers monde » et il les soupçonnait d’ingérence « intellectuelle ». Nous tentons de répondre en utilisant les notions de « discours metatemporel », de « praxis » et de rhizome de significations transculturelles. Ainsi nous constatons que les autorités, bienveillantes désiraient passer un message au monde et à leurs concitoyens formulant des discours métatemporels légitimés par les regards étrangers. Mais les cinéastes s'en sont accommodé en « calquant » ou adaptant leurs propres visions des faits en écho à la situation occidentale (du tiers-mondisme de Fanon jusqu'au culturalisme de Gramsci) pour expérimenter une praxis en Algérie. Il s'agit donc moins d'ingérence à sens unique que d'une rencontre créatrice d'un rhizome de significations appliquée sur un terrain (praxis) en ébullition propice à recevoir des réflexions forgées ailleurs. La réponse à Saïd passe donc par une autre question : qu'est-ce qu'une oeuvre transculturelle? Comment se construit son sens?

      • KCI등재후보

        Cinema around "Virtual Reality" techniques

        앙트완 코폴라,Coppola, Antoine Transmedia Institute 2021 트랜스- Vol.10 No.-

        가상 현실이 미디어들 전반에 걸쳐 잘 알려져 있다면, 몇 가지 시각적 개념이 분명 VR과 관련이 있는 것 같다. 본 논문에서 우리는 이런 시각적 개념과 VR 기술의 철학에 대해서 소개하고자 한다. 미디어 기술력의 홍보 캠페인에서 우리는 VR 테크닉을 보여주는 영역 기술들과 영화에서 VR 표현을 살펴본다. 이를 통해 우리는 부정적 이미지 -전체주의적 미래에 대한 오웰적 비전과 관련된- 가 상당히 일반적으로 나타남을 확인한다. 논문의 두 번째 파트에서는 VR 영화들, 특히 이나리투 감독과 비글로우 감독의 작품들을 살펴보고, '고개돌림'과 '걸어다님'의 영화들의 한계를 논한다. 마지막으로 VR이 영화를 상영하는 새로운 공간 혹은 인터넷과 연결된 플랫폼이 되고 있음을 논의한다. If virtual reality is well known through the medias, it seems that a few visual concepts are clearly related to VR. We try to think about it and introduce to a philosophy of VR techniques. So, from techniques and media techno-powers promotional campaigns, we aim to areal technology, it means an objective reflection on the VR techniques. To do so, we study the representations of VR in films. And we conclude that a negative image is the most common representation, related, often, to an Orwellian vision of the future world. In the second part, we study some VR films, and especially some made by famous film directors (Iñárritu, Bigelow). 'Head-turn' and 'Walk-around' films are commented to check their limits. Finally, we consider that for the moment, VR remains only a new space to screen films (into VR platforms connected to the Internet).

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