건설사업 참여주체(발주자, CMr, 설계자, 시공자) 관점에서 건설사업관리 성과측정에 관한 연구

안은진,김재준,유병기,이윤선 한국건설관리학회 2008 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.9 No.3

The production process of construction industry is different from thing of the general manufacturing, likewise various participants make temporary teamwork for success of the project through sharing of information. But, the each role of participants is individually changed to step in construction process stage and moreover it has complicated, entangled interests. The CM(so it called Construction Management as an abbreviation word) system was inducted for the effective management and operation of construction project. The key of the CM success depends on the cooperative relationship relation to major participants. There are lots of studies and efforts for the performance measures of the CM, however existing performance index is only measured as the viewpoint of project owner. Therefore it needs to make up for balanced view through combination of the four-way view of participants. In this study, we should search for cooperative relationship of project participants, and then we should suggest to define the difference of project in their viewpoints.

건설사업 참여주체(발주자, CMr, 설계자, 시공자) 관점에서 건설사업관리 성과측정에 관한 연구

안은진,유병기,이윤선,김재준,Ahn, Eun-Jin,Yoo, Byeong-Gi,Lee, Yoon-Sun,Kim, Jae-Jun 한국건설관리학회 2008 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.9 No.3

건설업은 일반 제조업의 생산과정과는 달리 다양한 참여주체들이 모여 프로젝트 성공이란 하나의 목표아래 정보를 공유하며 업무를 진행하므로 한 프로젝트마다 일시적인 팀워크가 형성된다. 다양한 참여주체들은 건설공사의 단계별 역할이 다르며, 업무 및 이에 따른 이해관계 역시 복잡하게 얽혀있다. 건설프로젝트의 효율적인 관리와 경영의 최적화를 위하여 CM제도가 도입이 되었다. 따라서 CM제도의 성공을 위해서는 주요 참여주체(발주자, CMr, 설계자, 시공자)의 협력관계가 요구된다. CM제도가 도입된 이래 성공적으로 사업을 수행하기 위한 일환으로 CM성과측정에 대한 많은 노력이 있었으나, 발주자의 입장에서만 바라본 항목으로 측정되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 CM성과를 객관적으로 측정하기 위해서 건설프로젝트의 주요 참여주체인 발주자, CMr, 설계자, 시공자의 균형적인 시각을 바탕으로 한 성과측정 항목의 필요성을 제기 하고자 한다. 건설프로젝트의 주요 참여주체인 4자(발주자, CMr, 설계자, 시공자)의 협력관계를 살펴본 뒤 각 주체에 따라 성과항목에 대한 인식차이가 있다는 것을 검증하였다. The production process of construction industry is different from thing of the general manufacturing, likewise various participants make temporary teamwork for success of the project through sharing of information. But, the each role of participants is Individually changed to step in construction process stage and moreover it has complicated, entangled interests. The CM(so it called Construction Management as an abbreviation word) system was inducted for the effective management and operation of construction project. The key of the CM success depends on the cooperative relationship relation to major participants. There are lots of studies and efforts for the performance measures of the CM, however existing performance index is only measured as the viewpoint of project owner. Therefore it needs to make up for balanced view through combination of the four-way view of participants. In this study, we should search for cooperative relationship of project participants, and then we should suggest to define the difference of project in their viewpoints.

Introduction to systematic review and meta-analysis

안은진,강현 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.2

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses present results by combining and analyzing data from different studies conducted on similar research topics. In recent years, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been actively performed in various fields including anesthesiology. These research methods are powerful tools that can overcome the difficulties in performing large-scale randomized controlled trials. However, the inclusion of studies with any biases or improperly assessed quality of evidence in systematic reviews and meta-analyses could yield misleading results. Therefore, various guidelines have been suggested for conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses to help standardize them and improve their quality. Nonetheless, accepting the conclusions of many studies without understanding the meta-analysis can be dangerous. Therefore, this article provides an easy introduction to clinicians on performing and understanding meta-analyses.

Assessment of P values for demographic data in randomized controlled trials

안은진,김종해,김태균,박재홍,이동규,이상석,인준용,강현 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.72 No.2

monly reported in table 1 of the article for the purpose of emphasizing the lack of differences between or among groups. As such, the authors intend to demonstrate that statistically insignificant P values in the demographic data confirm that group randomization was adequately performed. However, statistically insignificant P values do not necessarily reflect successful randomization. It is more important to rigorously establish a plan for statistical analysis during the design and planning stage of the study, and to consider whether any of the variables included in the demographic data could potentially affect the research results. If a researcher rigorously designed and planned a study, and performed it accordingly, the conclusions drawn from the results would not be influenced by P values, regardless of whether they were significant. In contrasts, imbalanced variables could affect the results after variance controlling, even though whole study process are well planned and executed. In this situation, the researcher can provide results with both the initial method and a second stage of analysis including such variables. Otherwise, for brief conclusions, it would be pointless to report P values in a table simply listing baseline data of the participants.

체결압이 고분자연료전지 기체확산층의 표면성질에 미치는 영향

안은진,박구곤,윤영기,박진수,이원용,김창수,Ahn, Eun-Jin,Park, Gu-Gon,Yoon, Young-Gi,Park, Jin-Soo,Lee, Won-Yong,Kim, Chang-Soo 한국전기화학회 2007 한국전기화학회지 Vol.10 No.4

고분자연료전지에 사용되는 다공성 매체인 기체확산층은 그 특성에 따라 원활한 기체의 확산과 물 배출을 결정지으며 그 결과 연료전지 성능과 내구성에까지 영향을 미친다. 최적의 물관리와 기체확산층 내에서의 이상(two phase) 유동이해를 위해서는 실제 체결 조건에서의 기체확산층의 성질을 아는 것이 중요하다. 이에 대해 물리적, 전기화학적, 기계적 성질을 알기 위한 실험 등이 수행되어져 왔다. 하지만 실제 스택의 체결 조건에서 기체확산층의 표면 화학적 변화에 대한 실험은 그다지 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 단순한 체결 과정만으로도 기체확산층에 대한 물리화학적인 변화를 야기할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 기체확산층을 구성하는 탄소 섬유 및 PTFE의 손상과 변형을 전자주사현미경으로 직접 관찰할 수 있었다. 관찰된 물리적 손상이 표면의 소수성 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 표면 원소성분 분석과 농도가 다른 에탄올 수용액 흡수량 측정을 수행하였다. 그 결과 체결압에 의해서 분리판의 rib 전단 및 아래에서 심한 파손이 일어나며, 탄소 섬유의 끊어짐 및 섬유 사이에 존재하는 탄소 파우더 역시 심하게 눌린 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 체결과정을 경험한 기체확산층에 대한 liquid uptake양을 확인한 결과, 표면 PTFE 함량의 상대적 감소가 기체확산층의 표면을 소수성에서 친수성으로 변화시켰음을 직접적으로 확인하였다. Characteristics of GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) mainly determine the gas diffusion and water removal in a cell, thereby changing the performance and affecting durability of PEFC. To optimize the water management and understand the two phase flow in a GDL, it is important to study the behaviors of GDL micro structure under the real operating condition. In the clamped condition of cell, the GDL beneath the rib is more compressed than beneath the channel. Many researches on physical, electrochemical, mechanical behaviors of gas diffusion layer has been conducted. However, changes in surface properties under clamped condition have rarely studied. In present study, the morphology of broken connections of carbon fibers and detachment of PTFE coatings on the fibers were shown from the microscopic observations. In addition, changes in wetting properties of GDL by compression were investigated by using XPS and liquid uptake methods. The hydrophobic characteristics of GDL surface beneath the rib of the flow field plate are changed due to the deformation of micro structure.

Concepts and emerging issues of network meta-analysis

안은진,강현 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.5

Most diseases have more than two interventions or treatment methods, and the application of network meta-analysis (NMA) studies to compare and evaluate the superiority of each intervention or treatment method is increasing. Understanding the concepts and processes of systematic reviews and meta-analyses is essential to understanding NMA. As with systematic reviews and meta-analyses, NMA involves specifying the topic, searching for and selecting all related studies, and extracting data from the selected studies. To evaluate the effects of each treatment, NMA compares and analyzes three or more interventions or treatment methods using both direct and indirect evidence. There is a possibility of several biases when performing NMA. Therefore, key assumptions like similarity, transitivity, and consistency should be satisfied when performing NMA. Among these key assumptions, consistency can be evaluated and quantified by statistical tests. This review aims to introduce the concepts of NMA, analysis methods, and interpretation and presentation of the results of NMA. It also briefly introduces the emerging issues in NMA, including methods for evaluation of consistency.

한국약사법에 근거한 약사보조원의 교육과 임상약제서비스 확대

안은진,황인경,강혜경 한국병원약사회 2012 病院藥師會誌 Vol.29 No.1

Hospital pharmacy practices have shifted from pharmacy outputs to patient outcomes. Unfortunately, some Korean hospital pharmacists lack the opportunities to provide patients with quality clinical pharmacy services and maintain their professional development because of a heavy workload in drug distribution and maintenance of inventory. Gyeongsang National University Hospital (GNUH) pharmacy department has changed the framework of practice to focus on quality clinical pharmacy services. An operational manual for Pharmacy Technician (PT) was developed in February 2009, which defines PT duties. Twelve pharmacists and twelve PTs in the GNUH pharmacy department were included in this practice. One year into the program, pharmacists’activities were evaluated by their clinical performance and surveys. Pharmacists and PT clearly recognized their duties involving professional judgement under the law. Pharmacists’work-hours for drug distribution and maintenance of inventory were reduced allowing them to perform clinical pharmacy services such as nutrition support consultation, anticoagulation service, IV admixture, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug information, and patient counselling. According to survey results, pharmacists enhanced their clinical capabilities by 83% and job motivation by 100%. PT clearly recognized their duties involving removing drugs from stock, placing products into containers, affixing labels to envelopes, and maintaining inventory by 96%. The operational manual allowing PT to perform non-discretionary tasks helps pharmacists to improve their focus on providing quality clinical pharmacy services.

Prevalence of Olfactory or Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: An Analysis Based on Korean Nationwide Claims Data

안은진,민현진 대한이비인후과학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.14 No.4

체결압이 고분자연료전지 가스확산층에 미치는 영향

안은진,윤영기,박구곤,박진수,이원용,한학수,김창수 한국수소및신에너지학회 2006 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.17 No.3

분자전해질연료전지 내의 다공성 기체확산층은 반응가스의 확산과 전자이동통로의 역할을 수행할 뿐만 아니라 전기화학반응에 의해 공기극에서 생성된 수분(기상 혹은 액상)을 반응면으로부터 분리판 채널 방향으로 이동시켜 배출시키는 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 물관리를 통한 성능향상을 위해서는 기체확산층의 구조 및 재료특성에 대한 심도 깊은 연구가 필요하다. 실제 단위전지 체결시 기체확산층은 분리판의 리브(rib)에 의해 눌리게 되며, 그 부분의 기공 크기 분포의 변화를 야기한다. 또한 리브 전단부분에서 탄소 섬유가 손상을 입으며, 탄소 섬유를 감싸고 있는 PTFE coating이 벗겨지게 되어 표면화학적 특성이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 단위전지 체결 시 분리판에 의해 눌리는 기체확산층의 기공 크기 분포 변화를 측정하였으며, 기공의 소수성에서 친수성으로의 변화를 알아보았다. Mercury 기공 측정기와 PMI 기공 측정기는 큰 기공 분포의 변화에, 질소의 흡/탈착을 이용한 BET 방식은 작은 크기의 기공 분포 변화 관찰에 사용되었다. 체결압에 의한 탄소섬유의 구조적 변화와 아울러 표면의 습윤 정도의 변화를 XPS와 물/알콜 uptake를 이용해 알아보았다. 이 연구를 바탕으로 물관리를 통한 연료전지 성능 향상을 위한 최적 GDL 선정에 기반이 되는 자료를 도출하였다.

Intention-to-treat versus as-treated versus per-protocol approaches to analysis

안은진,강현 대한마취통증의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.76 No.6

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the most rigorous study design for testing hypotheses and the gold standard for evaluating intervention effectiveness. However, RCTs are often conducted under the assumption of ideal conditions that may differ from real-world scenarios in which various issues, such as loss to follow-up, mistakes in participant enrollment or intervention, and low subject compliance or adherence, may occur. There are various group-defining strategies for analyzing RCT data, including the intention-to-treat (ITT), as-treated, and per-protocol (PP) approaches. The ITT principle involves analyzing all participants according to their initial group assignments, regardless of study completion and compliance or adherence to treatment protocols. This approach aims to replicate real-world clinical settings in which several anticipated or unexpected conditions may occur with regard to the study protocol. For the PP approach, only participants who meet the inclusion criteria, complete the interventions according to the study protocols, and have primary outcome data available are included. This approach aims to confirm treatment effects under optimal conditions. In general, the ITT principle is preferred for superiority and inequality trials, whereas the PP approach is preferred for equivalence and non-inferiority trials. However, both analytical approaches should be conducted and their results compared to determine whether significant differences exist. Overall, using both the ITT and PP approaches can provide a more complete picture of the treatment effects and ensure the reliability of the trial results.