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PVC에 의한 일메나이트 광석 중 선택염화에 의한 Fe의 제거
손용익,링리에,손호상,Son, Yongik,Ring, Rie,Sohn, Ho-Sang 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2016 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.25 No.3
Study on chlorination of ilmenite ore were carried out by using PVC(polyvinyl chloride) as the chlorinating agent in a static bed reactor for selective removal of iron. The effect of amount of PVC and reaction temperature were investigated. It was found that the removal ratio of iron increased with amount of PVC and temperature. After reaction with HCl gas generated from PVC, porous surface of the specimens were observed. As a result, HCl gas could react with iron in the central portion of ilmenite particle through these pores. Examination of data using kinetic model suggest that the selective chlorination rate is controlled by chemical reaction at the interface of particles. The activation energy for the selective chlorination of ilmenite using PVC was calculated as 20.47 kJ/mol. 고정층 반응기에서 PVC를 염화제로 사용하여 일메나이트 광석 중 철을 선택적으로 제거하기 위한 염화반응에 대하여 조사하였다. 철의 제거율에 미치는 PVC첨가량과 반응온도의 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 철의 제거율은 PVC 첨가량과 온도가 증가할수록 상승하였다. PVC에서 생성된 HCl가스와 반응한 후의 시편 표면에는 많은 기공이 관찰되었다. 이러한 기공에 의해서 일메나이트 입자의 중앙부분에 있는 철과 반응할 수 있었던 것으로 생각된다. 선택적 염화반응을 속도론적 모델에 의해 조사한 결과 입자 계면에서의 화학반응에 의해서 율속되는 것으로 생각된다. PVC를 사용한 일메나이트의 선택적 염화반응에서 활성화 에너지는 20.47 kJ/mol로 계산되었다.
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일메나이트 광의 Fe 선택염화 거동에 미치는 환원제의 영향에 관한 연구
손용익,손호상,정재영,Son, Yongik,Sohn, Ho-Sang,Jung, Jae-Young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.3
In this study, the behaviors of Fe selective chlorination in ilmenite ore by using PVC or $CO-Cl_2$ gas mixture as reducing agents under the condition of 1173 K, for 60 minutes were investigated. The weight loss ratio was 28% when PVC was applied as the reducing agent. The condensate formed at the outlet of reaction tube was identified as $FeCl_2$ by X-ray diffraction analysis. From these results, it was observed that iron in ilmenite ore reacted with HCl gas and Fe was selectively removed in the form $FeCl_2$. However, when $CO-Cl_2$ gas mixture was used as a reducing agent, the weight reduction ratio was 54%, and the condensate formed at the outlet of reaction tube after the experiment was estimated to be $FeCl_3$. It was observed that the ilmenite ore reacted with the $CO-Cl_2$ gas mixture and was simultaneously removed in the form of $FeCl_3$ and $TiCl_4$. However, the results of X-ray diffraction of ilmenite ore after the reaction showed that Fe was almost removed.
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유가영 ( Ga Young Yoo ),손용익 ( Yong Ik Son ),이승현 ( Seung Hyun Lee ),유예나 ( Ye Na Yoo ),이상학 ( Sang Hak Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.4
Biochar amendment to agricultural soil is regarded as a promising option to mitigate climate change and enhance soil quality. It could sequester more carbon within the soil system and increase plant yield by changing soil physicochemical characteristics. However, sustainable use of biochar requires comprehensive environmental assessment. In this sense, it is important to measure additional greenhouse gas emission from soils after biochar addition. We investigated emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4 from incubated soils collected from rice paddy and cultivated grassland after amendment of 3% biochar (wt.) produced from rice chaff. During incubation, soils were exposed to three wet-dry cycles ranging from 5~85% soil gravimetric water content (WC) to investigate the changes in effect of biochar when influenced by different water levels. The CO2 emission was reduced in biochar treatment compared to the control at WC of 30~70% both in rice paddy and grassland soils. This indicates that biochar could function as a stabilizer for soil organic carbon and it can be effective in carbon sequestration. The N2O emission was also reduced from the grassland soil treated with biochar when WC was greater than 30% because the biochar treated soils had lower denitrification due to better aeration. In the rice paddy soil, biochar addition resulted in decrease in N2O emission when WC was greater than 70%, while an increase was noted when WC was between 30~70%. This increase might be related to the fact that available nutrients on biochar surface stimulated existing nitrifying bacterial community, resulting in higher N2O emission. Overall results imply that biochar amendment to agricultural soil can stabilize soil carbon from fast decomposition although attention should be paid to additional N2O emission when biochar addition is combined with the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
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IEC 61970 기반의 EMS 데이터베이스 구축에 관한 연구
이진호(J. H Lee),손진만(J.M. Sohn),남영우(Y. W. Nam),이용익(Y. I. Lee),박종호(J. H. Park),김필석(P. S. Kim),김병섭(B. S. Kim),신용학(Y. H. Shin) 대한전기학회 2006 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.11
전력계통 에너지관리시스템(EMS)을 위한 공통 정보모델(CIM : Common Information Model)은 1990년대 후반에 EPRI의 CCAPI (Control Center Application Program Interface) 연구 프로젝트에서 시작하여, 현재는 IEC의 국제표준인 IEC 61970시리즈로 등록되어 있다. 특히, CIM은 IEC61970의 Part 301, 302에 정의되어 있는 공통데이터 모델을 지칭하며, IEC61970의 Part 401~407에 정의되어 있는 CIS (Component Interface Specification)와 더불어 EMS의 API(Application Program Interface)를 정의하는 핵심 요소이다. CIM (Common Information Model)은 전력회사의 전력 시스템 운영을 포함하여 전력회사 전반에 사용되는 주요한 객체(object)들을 나타내는 추상적 모델(abstract model)이다. 또한, CIM은 전력계통 자원을 객체 클래스들(object classes)과 속성들(attributes)로 표현하는 표준 방법을 제공함으로써, 발전분야나 배전분야와 같이 전력 계통의 운용 영역이 다른 계통들과 EMS 시스템 연계, 독립적으로 개발된 전체 EMS 시스템간의 연계, 서로 다른 판매자에 의해서 독립적으로 개발된 EMS 응용 프로그램간의 통합을 용이하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 전력계통 공통 데이터 모델인 IEC 61970을 소개하고, 이에 기반을 둔 한국형 EMS 데이터베이스 구축에 관해 설명한다.
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