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심성훈(Sung Hoon Shim),정상현(Sang Hyun Jeong),민효기(Hyo Ki Min),이상섭(Sang Sup Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.2
하수슬러지의 해양투기 규제에 따른 처리대안으로 석탄화력발전소 보조연료로서의 활용이 제안되고 있다. 슬러지를석탄과 혼합하여 사용한다면 연료의 조성변화로 인하여 산성가스의 배출특성이 달라질 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 국내하수처리장 7곳에서 발생한 하수슬러지를 수거하여 석탄과 혼합한 뒤 실험실 규모의 연소로에서 연소시킨 후 배출되는 질소산화물(NOx), 이산화황(SO₂), 염화수소(HCl), 염소(Cl₂) 가스를 분석하였다. NOx는 슬러지 혼합에 따른 배출농도 변화가 가장작았고, SO₂는 슬러지를 혼합하여 연소하였을 때 석탄 연소가스와 비교하여 높은 배출농도 증가를 보였다. HCl + Cl₂는 슬러지의 염소함량에 따라 서로 다른 배출농도를 보였다. Using dried sludge as a secondary fuel of a coal-fired power plant is proposed as an alternative option for sludge disposal. Because elemental contents of sludge are different from those of coal, different levels of acidic gas emissions are expected from the co-combustion of sludge with coal. In this study, sludge samples were obtained from 7 sewage treatment plants in Korea. Each sludge sample was combusted together with coal in a lab-scale combustor, and the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine (Cl₂) in the flue gas were analyzed. Compared to the combustion of coal only, NOx concentration was slightly higher in the flue gas from the co-combustion of coal and sludge. SO₂ emission increased with the combustion of sludge due to the higher content of sulfur in sludge than in coal. For most of the tested samples, the concentrations of HCl and Cl₂ were varied depending on the chlorine content in the sludge sample.
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임재규,최수용,민효기,박순영 대한보건협회 1993 대한보건연구 Vol.19 No.1
This study was conducted covering 5,233 cancer patients among total 13,363 cases admitted to Korea Cancer Center Hospital from July, 1989 to December, 1990, in order to estimate average days and the medical care expenditures for in-patients according to cancer sites on the basis of specifications for medical expences demanded in National Federation of Medical Insurance. The results of the present study were obtained as follows: 1. The total number of malignant neoplasms included in this study was 5,233 cases, males with 2,784 cases, 52.3% and females with 2,449 cases, 46.8%. The highest proportion of cancer patients by age was 35.2%(1,843 cases) for 50∼59age group, followed by 60-69 age group with 22. 5%(1,174 cases) and 40-49 age group with 20.1%(1,053 cases). 2. The most frequent site among cancer patients was found to be digestive organs and peritoneum(150-159) with 44.6%(2,332 cases: 1,622 in male and 710 in female) followed by genitary organs(179-189) with 19.5%(1,023 cases: 86 in male and 937 in female) and respiratory and intrathoracic organs with 15.7%(819 cases: 622 in male and 197 in female). 3. Average days of in-patients with cancer were 16.9 days. On the type of treatment, the longest average days were 26.4 days for radiotherapy, followed by surgery with 26.2 days, and palliative treatment and chemotherapy with 11.7 day. Average days according to sites were 21.8 days for cervix uteri, 21.3 days for female breast, 19.7 days for rectum, 17.6 days for esophagus, 16.4 days for colon, 15.7 days for stomach, 13.3 days for lung and 13.0 days for liver. 4. The average medical care expenditure for patients with cancer was estimated to 1,015.7 thousand won and the average daily expenditure was 67. 2 thousand won. On the type of treatment, the highest expensive expenditure was 1,808.6 thousand won(daily 71.5 thousand won) for surgery, followed by radiotherapy with 1,082.2 thousand won(daily 76.2 thousand won), chemotherapy with 753.7 thousand won(daily 74.1 thousand won) and palliative with 521.7 thousand won(daily 49.0 thousand won). On site, average ependiture was 1,749.3 thousand won for oesophagus, 1,209.7 thousand won for colon, 1,204.3 thousand won for rectum, 1,030.7 thousand won for female breast, 1,006.1 thousand won for cervix uteri, 900.6 thousand won for stomach, 871.2 thousand won for lung and 646.0 thousand won for liver. 5. The proportion of average medical care expenditure according to the method of treatment was 32.4%(328.9 thousand won) in injection fee, 17.5%(177.3 thousand won) in hospitalization fee and 13.6% in anti-cancer drug fee among total average medical care expenditure. 6. The proportion of cancer patients without and with complication was 41.3%(2,163 cases) and 58.7%(3,070 cases), respectively. Average days of inpatients without and with complication were 11.0 days and 21.0 days, repectively. The average medical care expenditure of patients without complication was estimated to 694.1 thousand won, whereas that of patients with complication was 1,242.3 thousand won, showing statistically significance compared with patients without complication. The highest proportion of expenditure by the method of treatment was 24.8% in injection fee, followed by 22.6% in anti-cancer drug fee and 18.4% in hopitalization fee for patients without complication, whereas for patients with complication the highest proportion was 35.4% in injection fee, followed by 11.7% both in injection and examination fee.
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6-Hydroxydopamine을 전처치한 마우스에서 Dopamine효능약물 및 길항약물이 Bethanechol흥분성 위장관운동에 미치는 영향
이병호,허인회,민효기 중앙대학교 약학연구소 1989 약학 논총 Vol.3 No.-
This experiment was set up to investigate the effect of dopaminergic agonists and antago-nists on bethanechol-stimulated gastrointestinal motility, and also effect of these drugs after 6-OHDA pretreated in neonatal and adult mice, effect of metoclopramide, besides, according to a dose on bethanechol stimulated gastrointed gastrointestinal motility in mice. The results obtained are as follows : 1. On the normal control group, bromocriptine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), apomorphine (2 mg/kg, i.p.), lisuride(100㎍/kg,i.p.), which are dopaminergic agonists, significantly inhibited bethane-chol-stimulated gastrointestinal motility. Metoclopramide (10 mg/kg, i.p.), clebopride (5 mg/kg, i.p.), which are dopaminergic antagonists, did not affect. On the other hand, sulpi-ride(40 mg/kg, i.p.), exhibited inhibitory effect on the gastrointestinal motility. 2. On the neonatal mice group pretreated with 6-OHDA, apomorphine exhibited significantly inhibitory effect, but bromocriptine and lisuride did not affect. Sulpiride exhibited signifi-cantly inhibitory effect. 3. On the adult mice group pretreated with 6-OHDA, bromocriptine, apomorphine, lisuride ex-hibited inhibitory effect. Metoclopramide potentiated the bethanechol-stimulated gastroin-testinal motility, on the hand, sulpiride inhibited. 4. Metoclopramide 2.5,5,10 mg/kg showed increase, but not significant, metoclopramide 80 mg/kg showed significant inhibition. 5. After 6-OHDA pretreated in adult mice, metoclopramide 10 mg/kg potentiated gastrointes-tinal motility, but metoclopramide 80 mg/kg exhibited significant inhibition.
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