참고봉사를 위한 도서관의 상호협력 -미국의 사례를 중심으로-

노옥순,Noh Ock-Soon 한국문헌정보학회 1973 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.3 No.-

The recent situation on developments in an expanding field of reference and information service is reviewed through the cooperative arrangements and comprehensive planning among libraries in America. The growth of reference cooperation is examined first along with the social forces that influenced the library interdependence for service. Of the various interlibrary programs identified in relation to the cooperative reference work, interlibrary loan is viewed as the key to the use of library resources based on equal access and making use of the tools for information and research, therefore a reference principle. Several kinds of library systems specifically intended to improve the reference situation are identified and described in detail without any attempt to evaluate their performance in terms of unit size, cost, or quality of the service.

자동화와 정보기술이 도서관의 조직구조 및 기능에 미치는 영향

노옥순 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1993 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.62 No.2

Ever since the introduction and implementation of automation in libraries in mid-sixties, it has significantly affected many phases of library operation. The enhanced ways of organizing and processing library materials and procedures have in turn influenced the gradual changes in the organizational environment. Recent literatures in the field, therefore, report changing roles of traditional librarians. The focus is on how the traditional bifurcated structure of technical and public services is changing toward closer integration to meet the new phenomena since both parties are involved from processing to delivery services to users in an automated environment. The traditional work assignment and division of labor are often being replaced by a variety of functions and areas which demand working together as teams. Unlike in western countries, special libraries took advantages of the automation earlier than university libraries in Korea. Mere size, subject concentration, increased national and private interest in R & D, and better financial support have contributed to the possibility of developing automation projects in those libraries. It was only in the mid-eighties that Korean university libraries began to develop and implement the automation system on mostly partial basis. There are only a handful of libraries that actually operate with the integrated total system. Much preparation is required before any institutions can arrive at computer-assisted information work. New awareness and comprehensive understanding of library missions and organizational structures to support these missions are essential. As late comers in the information technology scene, university libraries in Korea can learn very much through experiences of many other institutions of advanced stages in other countries. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to review the automation process and its various impacts on academic libraries through extensive literature search. This will result, it is hoped, in discovering and evaluating the effective ways and means of application of the automation best suited to our own situation. Korean academic libraries need, no doubt, all the information available, both theoretical and practical to meet the challenges and responsibilities of the transformation period. From experiences of those in the lead we are also able to reduce as much as possible the difficulties and the problems that may occur in the time of great changes. The literature is largely produced in the U.S. since most innovative automation discussions and practical movement toward any reorganization of professional functions have been initiated and developed in the libraries there. The study starts with the traditional pattern of largely bifurcated library organization with its advantages and disadvantages. It is followed by the history of automation and the impact on both service structures. Some of the difficulties and the possibilities discussed in relation with the recent movement toward the total integration of library functions are also presented. The integration of public and technical services in the central theme in the current move.

정보써어비스의 새로운 추세와 적용문제에 관한 고찰

노옥순 韓國圖書館學會 1986 圖書館學 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this article is to take a look into the past twenty years and to evaluate the changes in the organization of the library and the information function during this time period. Academic and special libraries are the ones that have made an impressive progress and innovations to keep pace with a changing environment. New technologies and ideas have brought strong supporters of offering various specialized information services to the library users. The different approaches and experiments to better perform this professional role in the library and in turn, the efforts in the educational institutions to meet the challenges were reviewed through the literature. Much of the literature available regarding the reference and information function deals mainly with the trends in the u.s. libraries. The implications of these trends to Korean libraries and library education are sought in view of our social, economic, and educational circumstances as well as our user behavior

인문과학자의 연구진행특성과 도서관 : 정보요구와 정보관리의 제 현상에 관한 분석

노옥순 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1989 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.55 No.-

The main intention of this paper is to look into the matters affecting the library that deals with the humanities. Based on comprehensive literature survey and analysis, information needs of scholars in the humanities and the role of the library as an information center are reconsidered in some detail. In fact, the behavioral research on scientists and social scientist in their scholarly communication and use of libraries has long been of interest to those in library and information science field. The research results have implied much on library operations and services. Types of materials acquired, use of subject specialist system, and better secondary services are some of the examples affected by the findings. Similar research efforts on the humanities began to be regularly reported in the 70 's. They treat mainly the difference between the aims, methods and styles of research people in the humanities as distinct from other disciplines. This disparate nature of knowledge and its communication suggests accordingly different approaches in various library policies and decision-making. The subject of this paper, therefore, is not the content of scholarship in the humanities, but information transfer. Special concern is on storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. Library as one of the most important information transfer institution comes naturally in the center of the subject. General characteristics of the humanities studies are observed first. Information needs of the scholars are analyzed along with their communication and research processes in the next section. What follows is the materials they need. These are reviewed in terms of quantity, quality, life span, and other aspects. Outstanding difficulties and problems that the humanities library face are brought out with some suggested ways to improve the situation. Collection management, inter-library cooperation, and secondary services (bibliographies, indexes, abstracts) are areas that still remain to be investigated for improvement.

參考過程의 段階的 分析

盧玉順 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1977 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.29 No.-

Most forms of human activity generate a need for information. The reference process is designed to identify the real information needs of those who come to use the library and to deliver the pertinent and relevant answers to these needs. As it may appear to be simple transaction at the reference desk, the reference process incorporates the sum total of variables involved in the performance of information work by a reference librarian. It began with the need. The inability or the difficulty of questioners to formalize their needs, however, are well known to librarians, who must interpret and clarify these needs, While doing so, the librarian also translates the question into the technical and formal terminology in relation to the structure of the library. The actual search is performed according to the search strategy formulated and based on the various information obtained during the clarification or the librarian user interview period. Once the search has been competed and the question answered, a judgment of the relevance and pertinence of the information discovered as well as an appraisal of the effectiveness of service completes the process. Thus, the reference process not only comprises a complicated interaction among the user, the reference librarian, the information need, and the information sources: but also comprises the operation of psychological, sociological, and environmental variables which may exert influence to varying degrees in the direction and the extent of the final success. There may be no total agreement on detail but there is consensus as to the major phases of the process that have been developed over the years by reference librarians. An objective analysis or neatly procedural examination of the phase are probably impossible, as for example, neither the librarian can be expected to react or act in a similar manner from one inquiry to the next even within the same information system. This paper discusses and analyzes a composite of many elements and variables involved in each major phase or step, all of which constitute the total reference process. This will help the reference librarians to gain insight into the complexities they face and work with, and the importance of developing effective skills in the area of human communications. One librarian generally executes all phases of the traditional reference process in a single unit system. The nature of some elements of the phases in the process will change within a multi-library system or automated system: however this is not the concern of the present paper.

司書와 圖書館 利用者間의 커뮤니케이션 機能

盧玉順 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1978 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.32 No.-

Human acts and activities generate for the most part information requirements for various needs and purposes. At the moment a man is faced with particular problems, a sense of imperfection, or a certain incompleteness, he will deliberate on formal and informal methods to solve them. He may choose the library or information center as one of several possible alternatives. It is at this point that library background / information service begins. After the librarian makes an effective effort to find out the background of the patron and the situation of his information needs, he then executes the search on behalf of the patron. The pertinence of the information and materials found is also evaluated and judged within this recognition of the two people involved. It means the selection of precisely that quantity and quality of information which will help the customer fill his real information need. In order words, it means screening out misinformation and inadequate information. Without doubt, the most important step that will greatly influence success or failure of the whole information service process is interpersonal communication between the librarian and patron to negotiate and find out the real information requirement. There is some distance between the inquiry: that is, the patron's expressed need and his real need, because in this endeavor one person tries to describe for another person not something he knows well but rather something he does not know. Librarians, therefore, can recall numerous experiences when the user's inquiry is vague and hard to understand. It can be said that the degree of accordance between inquiry and real information need depends upon the inquirer's understanding of his need and the ability to express this meaningfully to the librarian. Consequently, an inquiry is usually looked upon not as an absolute set request or command that can not be changed or revised, but it is rather considered as a description of area of doubt in which the question is open-ended, negotiable, and allows mutual exploration and eventual agreement that satisfies both the librarian and customer. The first objective of interpersonal communication between reference librarian and customer is, of course, in identification and clarification of real information requirement through negotiation. The following steps-translation of this need into system language, plan and design of search strategy, actual search, and delivery of information found--- will be affected by the operation of this communication process. The second, and in a sense more significant, meaning of communication lies in the establishment of a continuing, harmonious, and confident human relationship. Even if he the answer is not found or unsatisfactory, the contented user is likely to leave the library and come back to the librarian for consultation with the thought that his request has been communicated and seriously considered. I this circumstance the effort the library to be used at maximum capacity is justified and accomplished. This paper examines the general pattern of interpersonal communication during the library information service process in terms of these two major objectives. An attempt is made to outline and structure the boundaries for effective communication. Some of the problems and barriers that hinder the interface are analyzed, with suggestions that reference/information librarians should learn, keep in mind, and practice.

參考奉仕의 發展의 歷史的 背景과 諸 要因의 分析

盧玉順 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1984 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.44 No.-

The origins of reference services in libraries proposed by different areas of the world and the names used interchangeably to describe similar concepts and services are briefly summarized. The 'modern' concept of reference, interpreted by Louis Kaplan, Samuel Rothstein, and others, is discussed and appraised as the formal start of direct public services in libraries. A Literature search included some of the social, economical, and cultural factors that forced and prompted the reference function in libraries of the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Also reviewed were how and when this public service idea was disseminated and adopted in other countries. Special attention is given to the special library movement and the impact of science and techgy on reference. To be further investigated for appropriate solutions, some of the controversial issues and problems facing the reference field today are mentioned.

參考司書의 資格에 관한 考察 : 大學圖書館을 中心으로

盧玉順 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1983 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.43 No.-

Librarianship like other professions has always been concerned with qualifications and attitude pf practitioners in their performance on the job. Experts in the field of library education have recently indicated the need for new curriculum based on the changes that society has experienced in practically every field. The enormous output of information, new technology in handling information, various needs and uses of information users, and other developments require librarians to be competent and effective in areas beyond traditional library knowledge and skills. The purpose of this study is to identify what qualifications are needed and desired by college and university reference librarians to successfully perform their information service. In doing this, library science education has been traced historically to find out what abilities have been considered to be important and how these have changed in the course of time. Roles and activities of professional organizations are also reviewed in this regard. In many countries the concern of professional organizations to protect patron from incompetent practitioners is often expressed in their control over education in accrediting library schools and certifying individuals in accordance with certain standards. Professional organizations also prepare and adopt library standards for different types of libraries. The educational requirement and specific qualifications of various personnel, as well as their duties and responsibilities are mentioned as part of standards that extend to all areas of library operation. The views and opinions of concerned individuals and organizations, together with their research results concerning competence of college and university reference/information librarians are selected, analyzed, reexpressed and grouped according to proper functions and subjects. If some type of specific competency list could be produced and agreed on by experts in the filed, this list could be used by practicing reference librarians and educators in related areas in library science departments to determine the order of importance, The result would be utilized for relevant education that is not endangered by prejudice for too much theory or too much practical content.

도서관 목록의 이용에 관한 연구와 목록의 내용

노옥순 韓國圖書館學會 1980 圖書館學 Vol.7 No.1

In an effort to find ways to improve the potential usefulness of the cataloging practices in Korea, the general purposes of the catalog use studies and their implications are discussed. The summary of applicable methods of catalog use studies is followed by an overview of several actual irvestigations carried out in various institutions mainly in U.S. Some of the outstanding and specific findings from these research projects as well as reports from other published papers are provided for points to be concerned, analyzed, and compared for future investigative efforts. The need for an evaluative study of the catalog card contents and arrangement is suggested in view of the Korean people who use it with different background and circumstances compared with Anglo-American tradition

온라인 정보기술 환경과 참고사서의 역할 재고

노옥순,Noh Ock-Soon 한국문헌정보학회 1998 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.32 No.2

온라인정보기술 환경이 참고봉사에 어떤 특성과 변화를 가져오는지를 구체적으로 검토하였다. 선행연구 결과를 바탕으로 고찰하였으며, 경우에 따라 국내 도서관의 사례조사도 실시하였다. 다음으로 이러한 특성과 변화가 이용자에 대한 참고사서의 기본적 중재역할인 정보제공, 교육, 상담, 평가 기능에 어떻게 영향을 미치게되는지 분석하였다. 변화된 상황에서 참고사서의 사명에 대한 개념적 기반을 보다 명백히하고 새롭게 확인된 역할을 실행하기 위해 필요한 자질을 재고해 보는데 본 논고의 궁극적 의의가 있다. Based on the comprehensive literature search and the sample library surveys, some observations are made on the impact of online information technologies for reference services. Various issues specifically with OPAC, CD-ROM, remote database access, and internet environment are overviewed as the source of and trigger for change in reference librarianship and in terms of expectations as well as difficulties. The paper then focuses on how these technologies influence on the roles of reference librarians as intermediaries in information providing, instructing, consulting, and evaluating functions. This leads to rethinking the conceptual basis of today's reference service and the competencies for reference librarians with new functions and responsibilities.