중국인에 대한 한국어 속담과 관용어 교육에 대하여

김은화(Kim Eunhwa) 길림성민족사무위원회 2008 중국조선어문 Vol.155 No.-

에스트로겐과 이소플라본의 피부 효능 연구

김은화(EunHwa Kim) 한국뷰티산업학회 2010 뷰티산업연구 Vol.4 No.1

Estrogen takes part in acceleration of ovalation, proliferation of endometrium, growth of mammary gland, women s secondary sex character, regulation of sexual cycle and maintenance of pregnancy and also participates in cosmetic treatment. As decrease of estrogen takes place pulmonary system, various symptoms of menopause break out, Hormone Replace Therapy (HRT) is effective and osteoporosis and irregular menstruation is also, but we must take care of it s using because of side effect in case medication in body. Because of skin-moisturizing and synthesis of collagen by estrogen, health of skin is promoted. Also wrinkles are decreased by it, so those have an effect on prevention of skin-aging as women who are healed by HRT(Hormone Replace Therapy). Isoflavone is flavonoid material out of vegetable estrogen similar to estrogen. It provokes various physiolgical effect by combination with estrogen receptor in body. Specially, Isoflavone relieves menopausal disorder, decreases outbreak of heart s blood system disease. Also it has outstanding effect like prevent of aging, maintainances of skin elasticity and moisture, decrease of wrinkle s creation. So isoflavone is widely used to cosmetics. 여성 호르몬인 에스트로겐은 여성의 난소에서 분비되며 자궁 점막과 유선의 발육, 여성의 2차 성징 발현, 성주기의 조절 및 임신 유지 등에 관여한다. 에스트로겐은 여성 호르몬으로서 월경 시 자궁내막의 증식을 촉진하는 역할을 하며 임상 응용으로는 경구피임제, 응급피임제, 기능성 출혈의 조절, 양성 유방질환의 예방 등에 적용되며 갱년기 증상 치료를 위해 호르몬 대체요법(Hormone Replacement Therapy; HRT) 등에 주로 적용된다. 이소플라본은 여성호르몬인 에스트로겐(estrogen)과 유사한 구조를 취하고 있는 플라보 노이드계 물질로 에스트로겐의 역할을 대행할 수 있는 물질로 인체 내에서 에스트로겐 수용체와 약하게 결합하여 여러 생리효과를 나타낸다. 이소플라본의 여러 기능 중 피부에 대한 효능은 콜라겐 생합성 촉진으로 피부 주름과 탄력 증가 등이 있고, 히아루론산 등의 진피 기질 증가로 인한 뛰어난 보습 효과, 인체 내 산화를 억제하는 항산화 기능 및 항암효과가 뛰어나다. 또한 갱년기장애를 해소할 수 있고, 심혈관계 질환의 발생을 감소하며 다양한 피부기능 개선 효과로 화장품 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 앞으로 에스트로겐과 이소플라본에 대한 국내의 피부미용학적 연구 토대가 많아지고 논의가 활발해져 여성들의 건강성 추구 욕구에 부응하는 높은 성과가 나타나 피부미용학 계의 발전에 밑거름이 되기를 희망한다.

혈액배양검사 근거중심 임상실무지침 적용 및 평가

김은화(Eunhwa Kim),이미자(Mija Lee),조혜림(Hyerim Cho),이진영(Jinyeong Lee),양재숙(Jaesook Yang),송정은(Jeongeun Song),신은혜(Eunhye Shin),문영애(Yeongae Moon),정진아(Jina Jung),이은숙(Eunsook Lee),황정화(Jeonghwa Hwang),김명숙(Myungsoo 한국근거기반간호학회 2014 근거와 간호 Vol.2 No.1

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of blood culture’s clinical practice guideline on nurse’s knowledge, cognition, practice and false positive rates. Methods: Research instrument was developed to assess knowledge, cognition, practice of nurses regarding blood culture by investigators. It consists of 26 questions and verified validity. One hundred-two nurses participated in this study. A descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the subject’s characteristics and t-test, and Pearson’s correlation were conducted to evaluate the effects of guideline using SPSS 21.0. Results: After educating this guideline, nurse’s knowledge, cognition and practice of nurse significantly improved before education. The relations of correlation among knowledge and cognition, practice and knowledge, practice and cognition were statistically significant. In addition, although it was not statistically significant, false positive rate was decreased (pre-education 1.5%, post education 1%). Conclusion: The clinical practice guideline of blood culture may improve the nurse’s knowledge and nursing practice to decrease false positive rate in this study. The result of this research would provide the evidence-base practice in nursing as well as decline medical cost.

우리나라 초, 중, 고 학습자의 영어학습주도성 연구

김혜영(Kim, Heyoung),김은화(Kim, Eunhwa) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine how well Korean students are ready for self-directed language learning and how their readiness has been changed by learning English for their public school years. 1,391 Korean students were investigated on their Self-Directed Language Learning Readiness (SDLLR, H. Kim & M. Kim, 2009) across the age groups, elementary, middle, and high school groups. Their SDLLR was also compared to their selfdirected learning readiness (SDLR, H. Kim & K. Kim, 2010), modified from Guglielmino’s scale (1977) to check if there is any particular difference in learning between English and other subjects. Furthermore, this study attends to other ‘student’ factors that might influence their SDLLR, such as motivation, gender, study-abroad experience, and age to start learning English. The result shows that Korean students’ SDLLR significantly decreases as they study English longer. Surprisingly, the average scale score of SDLLR in the elementary school group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. This decreasing pattern was also similarly shown in the SDLR measurement, but their SDLLR score was significantly lower than that of their SDLR. Motivation, gender, age to start learning English, and oversea study experience all significantly influenced their SDLLR. In conclusion, Korean students do not seem to successfully develop their language learning autonomy from their learning experience during public school years. Many students fail to hold their motivation, confidence, and responsibility in learning English. The Korean national curriculum aiming at developing the self-directed learning ability needs to be systematically reviewed and revised to achieve their ultimate goal.

프록시 모바일 IPv6 네트워크에서 멀티캐스팅을 지원하는 저비용의 빠른 이동성관리 기법

김은화,정종필,Kim, Eunhwa,Jeong, Jongpil 한국정보처리학회 2013 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.2 No.6

최근 다양한 무선 통신기술이 발전됨에 따라 네트워크 자원을 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여 모바일 멀티캐스트 기법의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 기존에는 멀티캐스트 서비스를 위한 네트워크 전달 비용적 측면과 멀티캐스트 핸드오버 지연 최소화에 중점을 두고 모바일 IP기반의 다양한 멀티캐스팅 기법들이 제안되었다. 그러나 호스트 기반의 이동성 관리 기술인 MIPv6(Mobile IPv6)를 이용한 기법들은 근본적으로 핸드오버의 지연과 터널 컨버전스 문제를 해결하기 어렵다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 네트워크 기반의 이동성 관리 기술인 PMIPv6(Proxy Mobile IPv6)를 표준화하였다. PMIPv6는 MIPv6에 비해서 성능이 향상되었지만 여전히 핸드오버 지연과 터널 컨버전스 등의 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 한계를 해결하기 위하여 PMIPv6 네트워크에서 멀티캐스팅을 지원하는 저비용의 빠른 이동성관리를 위한 LFH(Low-Cost and Fast Handoff) 기법을 제안한다. 복잡한 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜과 멀티캐스트 구성원 메시지의 상호작용을 줄이기 위해 간소화된 MLD(Multicast Listener Discovery) 프록시 기능을 구현하고 MLD 기능을 수정한다. 그리고 LMA(Local Mobility Anchor) 도메인 내에서의 멀티캐스트 핸드오버 절차와 도메인 간에서의 멀티캐스트 핸드오버 절차에 TCR(Tunnel Combination and Reconstruction) 알고리즘을 사용하여 터널 컨버전스 문제를 해결한다. 그 결과 LFH 기법의 성능이 다른 멀티캐스트 방식과 비교하여 멀티캐스트 중단시간을 줄여주어 더 적은 비용이 든다는 것을 보여준다. With the recent advancements in various wireless communication technologies, the importance of mobile multicasting is coming to the fore, in an effort to use network resources more efficiently. In the past, when various mobile IP-based multicast techniques were proposed, the focus was put on the costs needed for network delivery for providing multicast services, as well as on minimizing the multicast handover delay. For techniques using MIPv6 (Mobile IPv6), a host-based mobility management protocol, however, it is fundamentally difficult to resolve the problems of handover delay and tunnel convergence. To resolve these problems, a network-based mobility management protocol called PMIPv6 (Proxy Mobile IPv6) was standardized. Although performance is improved in PMIPv6 over MIPv6, it still suffers from the problems of handover delay and tunnel convergence. In this paper, to overcome these limitations, a technique called LFH (Low-cost and Fast Handoff) is proposed for fast and low-cost mobility management with multicasting support in PMIPv6 networks. To reduce the interactions between the complex multicast routing protocol and the multicast messages, a simplified proxy method called MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) is implemented and modified. Furthermore, a TCR (Tunnel Combination and Reconstruction) algorithm was used in the multicast handover procedure within the LMA (Local Mobility Anchor) domain, as well as in the multicast handover procedure between domains, in order to overcome the problem of tunnel convergence. As a result, it was found that LFH has reduced multicast delay compared to other types of multicast techniques, and that it requires lower costs as well.

전파통신에서의 전리층 역할

표유선,조경석,이동훈,김은화,PYO YOO SURN,CHO KYOUNGSEOK,LEE DONG-HUN,KIM EUNHWA 한국천문학회 2000 天文學論叢 Vol.15 No.suppl2

The ionosphere, the atmosphere of the earth ionized by solar radiations, has been strongly varied with solar activity. The ionosphere varies with the solar cycle, the seasons, the latitudes and during any given day. Radio wave propagation through or in the ionosphere is affected by ionospheric condition so that one needs to consider its effects on operating communication systems normally. For examples, sporadic E may form at any time. It occurs at altitudes between 90 to 140 km (in the E region), and may be spread over a large area or be confined to a small region. Sometimes the sporadic E layer works as a mirror so that the communication signal does not reach the receiver. And radiation from the Sun during large solar flares causes increased ionization in the D region which results in greater absorption of HF radio waves. This phenomenon is called short wave fade-outs. If the flare is large enough, the whole of the HF spectrum can be rendered unusable for a period of time. Due to events on the Sun, sometimes the Earth's magnetic field becomes disturbed. The geomagnetic field and the ionosphere are linked in complex ways and a disturbance in the geomagnetic field can often cause a disturbance in the F region of the ionosphere. An enhancement will not usually concern the HF communicator, but the depression may cause frequencies normally used for communication to be too high with the result that the wave penetrates the ionosphere. Ionospheric storms can occur throughout the solar cycle and are related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and coronal holes on the Sun. Except the above mentioned phenomena, there are a lot of things to affect the radio communication. Nowadays, radio technique for probing the terrestrial ionosphere has a tendency to use satellite system such as GPS. To get more accurate information about the variation of the ionospheric electron density, a TEC measurement system is necessary so RRL will operate the system in the near future.