대각선 병설터널 굴착에 따른 응력과 변위특성

김영수(Kim, Youngsu),박송자(Pack, Songja) 한국지반환경공학회 2011 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.12 No.11

본 연구는 대각선 병설터널의 건설로 인한 응력과 변위 특성을 연구하였다. 이 연구에서 그 특성들이 터널의 직경(D)는 13m 그리고 지반은 풍화암으로 가정하여 해석하였다. 해석에서 pillar 폭은 2.0D, 2.5D, 3.0D, 토피고는 3D, 4D, 5D, 그리고 대각선 병설터널의 설치각도 15°, 30°, 45°로 변화시켰다. 그리고 해석에 사용한 프로그램은 지반 공학적 문제해석에 널리 사용되고 있는 FLAC을 사용하여 발생하는 숏크리트 및 록볼트 응력과 주변지반 변위를 대각선 병설터널의 pillar 폭, 토피고, 그리고 설치각도에 따라 구하고 분석하였다. 그 결과 풍화암 지반에서는 pillar 폭 2.0D이상, 토피고 5.0D이상, 그리고 대각선 병설터널의 설치각도가 적을수록 주변 지반에 영향을 덜 미치고 터널의 안정에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. In this paper it was focused on the characteristics of displacement and stress due to the construction of diagonal twin tunnel. In this research, the characteristics have been analyzed with the presumption that the tunnel’s diameter (D) is 13m and the ground was formed by weathered rock. In analysis, the width of pillar is 2.0D, 2.5D, 3.0D, the height of soil cover is 3D, 4D, 5D, and the installation angle of diagonal twin tunnel has been changed into 15°, 30°, 45°. And the program used in this analysis is FLAC which is widely used in solution problems of ground engineering in order to gain and analyze occurring shotcrete and rockbolt stress and nearby ground displacement according to pillar width, the height of soil cover and installation angle of diagonal twin tunnel. As a result, in the weathered rock grounds, when the width of pillar is more than 2.0D, the height of soil cover is over 5.0D, and the installation angle of diagonal twin tunnel is lower, they lessen effects on the ground and favorable on the stability of tunnel.

DEA를 활용한 시장도매인 경영효율성 분석 : 강서도매시장 시장도매인을 중심으로

김영수(Youngsue Kim),홍승지(Seungjee Hong),김성훈(Sounghun Kim) 한국농업경제학회 2021 農業經濟硏究 Vol.62 No.1

The agricultural market-wholesaler system was introduced to the Gangseo wholesale market in June 2004 and now 52 agricultural market-wholesalers were operating. As one of the important wholesale market players, agricultural market-wholesaler has been studied by many researchers. Most of the research papers focus on agricultural market-wholesaler, in order to discuss the market-purchasing system by comparing it with the auction system. However, the academic discussion about the management efficiency of agricultural market-wholesaler is rare. The purpose of this research is to analyze the management efficiency of agricultural market-wholesaler and to figure out the way of improving the management efficiency of agricultural market-wholesaler with inefficient management efficiency. DEA was used to analyze the agricultural marketwholesaler s management efficiency. According to the DEA analysis, 8 agricultural marketwholesaler were found to be efficient in management under CRS conditions, 12 agricultural market-wholesalers with efficient management under VRS conditions, and 8 agricultural marketwholesalers with efficient scale efficiency. As a result of analyzing management efficiency by using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test by dividing agricultural market-wholesalers into two groups, it was suggested that agricultural market-wholesalers can improve management efficiency by promoting projects that can improve relations with farmers who ship to agricultural marketwholesalers and enhance mutual cooperation.

Korean EFL Learners` Knowledge of Polysemous Words in Relation to Word Frequency and Reading Proficiency

김영수 ( Youngsu Kim ),최문홍 ( Mun Hong Choe ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2015 현대영어영문학 Vol.59 No.3

The acquisition of polysemous words in a foreign language epitomizes the retention and representation of linguistic knowledge as well as its developmental dynamics. In this study, Korean high school students were asked to carry out two types of English vocabulary tasks: a word-in-isolation task and a word-in-context task. Each task was made up of three sets of polysemous words selected from 1000-, 2000-, and 3000-level frequency words, respectively. In addition, the students’ strategies for learning and determining the meanings of polysemous words were assessed through written questionnaires and class discussion. Overall, the students showed a higher rate of acquisition when measured by the word-in-context task than the word-in-isolation task, and they had greater difficulty identifying the meaning of less frequent polysemous words. Students relied more on memorized meanings when dealing with high-frequency polysems. When words were presented in isolation, the meanings of more frequent polysems were better recalled than less frequent ones. When words were presented in context, however, frequency was not proportionate to knowledge. All these observations suggest that differences in L2 learners’ knowledge of polysemous words lie not only in how many individual meanings they have memorized but in how well they make use of contextual cues and that as the learners’ reading proficiency develops, their vocabulary knowledge becomes contextualized to a greater extent. (Chonnam National University)

지역난방 첨두부하보일러 대류부 부식 파손 분석

김영수 ( Youngsu Kim ),채호병 ( Hobyung Chae ),홍민기 ( Minki Hong ),송민지 ( Min Ji Song ),조정민 ( Jeongmin Cho ),김우철 ( Woo Cheol Kim ),하태백 ( Tae Baek Ha ),이수열 ( Soo Yeol Lee ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2019 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.18 No.2

Corrosion failure in the convection part of peak load boiler (PLB) of the district heating system led to water leakage. Herein, Internal Rotary Inspection System (IRIS) inspection was employed to examine wall thinning and the cause of leakage in the flue tube. The corrosive products of the turbulator and tube were investigated using scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Majority of the serious corrosion damage was observed near the turbulator located in the upper flue tube. ICP analysis of the boiler water revealed oxide formation of sodium chloride in the lower end part of the flue tube. A cross-sectional view of the turbulator revealed the presence of double-layers of the oxide film, indicating environmental change during operation associated with water leakage. The outer surface of the turbulator consisted of the acid oxides such as NO_x and SO_x along with sodium and chloride ions. Dew-point corrosion is hypothesized as the main cause for the formation of acid oxides in the region of contact of the flue tube and the turbulator.

고방열 복합소재 개발을 위한 고열전도성 액정성 에폭시 수지의 개발

김영수 ( Youngsu Kim ),정진 ( Jin Jung ),여현욱 ( Hyeonuk Yeo ),유남호 ( Nam-ho You ),장세규 ( Se Gyu Jang ),안석훈 ( Seakhoon Ahn ),이승희 ( Seung Hee Lee ),고문주 ( Munju Goh ) 한국복합재료학회 2017 Composites research Vol.30 No.1

에폭시 수지는 3차원 네트웍 구조를 갖는 대표적인 열경화성 수지이다. 최근 에폭시 수지의 네트웍 구조를 제어하여 새로운 기능성 에폭시를 개발하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, 액정성 에폭시를 대표로 하는 새로운 개질 에폭시는 랜덤한 형태의 네트웍 구조를 배향 구조로 변경함으로써, 기존의 에폭시로부터 얻을 수 없는 새로운 기능성 발현에 성공하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 액정성 에폭시 수지의 합성과 고방열성 복합재료로의 응용에 관하여 설명하였다. Epoxy resin (EP) is one of the most famous thermoset materials. In general, because EP has three-dimensional random network, it possesses thermal properties like a typical heat insulator. Recently, there has been increasing interest in controlling the network structure for making new functionality from EP. Indeed, the new modified EP represented as liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE) is spotlighted as an enabling technology for producing novel functionalities, which cannot be obtained from the conventional EPs, by replacing the random network structure to oriented one. In this paper, we review current progress in the field of LCEs and their application for the highly thermal conductive composite materials.

DEA를 활용한 국내 의무자조금단체 경영효율성 분석

김영수(Youngsue Kim),김성훈(Sounghun Kim) 한국농업경제학회 2018 農業經濟硏究 Vol.59 No.3

In 2002, Korean government introduced the check-off system and now Korea has 16 check-off boards including Korean beef, beef, pork, milk, chicken, duck, Korean ginseng, paprika, mandarin, and environment-friendly agricultural products. Basically, the check-off is one of the excellent ways to support farmer and thus Korean government have kept promoting the check-off boards. Even though many researchers studied about the Korean check-off, no study focuses on the management efficiency of check-off boards. The objective of this study is to measure the management efficiency of Korean check-off boards and to provide the benchmarking information that can improve the management efficiency of check-off board. DEA was used to analyze the management efficiency of 10 check-off boards in Korea. The results present the several findings as follows: The check-off boards of Korean beef, chicken, duck, and paprika show the inefficient management efficiency. Therefore, these check-off boards need to increase the management efficiency or the rate of check-off. Especially, these check-off boards might spend more check-off fund to manage the stability of supply-demand and to operate the other programs of check-off board, instead of advertisement and promotion which are the main programs of check-off board.

터널의 필러부 폭에 따른 터널거동

김영수(Kim Youngsu),권태순(Kwon Taesoon),정일한(Jeong Ilhan),김광일(Kim Kwangil) 한국지반환경공학회 2009 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.10 No.7

대상 연구지역은 화강암 지역으로서 단층파쇄대가 지나는 대단면 3련 터널이며 변단면 구간으로 1 : 4.5의 하향경사 및 상부 비탈면 형성에 따른 터널단면, 필러폭 그리고 터널 토피고가 연속적으로 변화하는 구간이다. 즉 터널직경이 점차 변하는 구간으로 필러폭이 직경에 따라 0.5D에서 1.0D로 변하므로 필러폭에 대한 각 단면에 대한 안정성 평가를 할 수 있는 구간이다. 3련 터널의 필러부 안정성을 계측치를 바탕으로 평가하였으며 이를 수치해석과 비교해 보았다. This research area is a greate section of triple tunnels that passes through the fault fractured zone the in the granite area. In this area, tunnel section, pillar width and overburden height are changed consecutively due to declivity of 1 : 4.5 and slope formation of upper part as changed section. That is, stability estimation for each section varying pillar width can be conducted because tunnel diameter changes gradually from 0.5D to 1.0D according to distance of pillar width. We have estimated the stability of pillar width in triple tunnels with monitoring value, and compared the stability with results of numerical analysis.

Levenberg-Marquardt 알고리즘의 지반공학 적용성 평가

김영수(Kim Youngsu),김대만(Kim Daeman) 한국지반환경공학회 2009 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.10 No.5

본 연구에서는 Levenberg-Marquardt(LM) 알고리즘 인공신경망을 통하여 지반공학 문제 중의 하나인 압축지수를 예측하였고, 예측된 결과는 현재 지반공학에 널리 사용되고 있는 Back Propagation(BP) 알고리즘 인공신경망의 예측 결과와 비교하여 LM알고리즘의 지반공학 적용성을 평가하였다. 또한 두 알고리즘에 의한 예측치는 기존에 제안된 압축지수의 경험식들에 의하여 산정된 결과들과 비교를 통하여 예측결과의 정확성을 확인하였다. 경험식에 의한 압축지수의 산정치는 전반적으로 BP 알고리즘과 LM 알고리즘 인공신경망에 의한 예측치에 비하여 더 큰 오차를 나타냈다. LM 알고리즘에 의한 압축지수의 예측치는 BP 알고리즘의 예측치와 비교할 때 정확도는 비슷하나 수렴속도에서 더 좋은 결과를 보여 LM 알고리즘의 지반공학 적용성은 우수한 것으로 나타났다. In this study, one of the complicated geotechnical problem, compression index was predicted by a artificial neural network method of Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. Predicted values were compared and evaluated by the results of the Back Propagation (BP) method, which is used extensively in geotechnical engineering. Also two different results were compared with experimental values estimated by verified experimental methods in order to evaluate the accuracy of each method. The results from experimental method generally showed higher error than the results of both artificial neural network method. The predicted compression index by LM algorithm showed better comprehensive results than BP algorithm in terms of convergence, but accuracy was similar each other.

한국 교회 안에서 행해지는 목회상담의 한계와 지향점

김영수(Youngsu Kim) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2021 신학논단 Vol.103 No.-

This research explores the identity of pastoral counseling. The main concern of pastoral counseling has been related with counselors who have psychological backgrounds and have trained as specialists although many of them are pastors. This study asks a question of how pastoral counseling goes along in church. It points out that pastoral counseling seriously has to concern church and pastors. This article divides into four sections. Firstly, it deals with the identity of pastoral counseling. Scholars discern pastoral counseling from pastoral care. It is said that pastoral counseling is a more professional area while pastoral care is regarded as the ordinary caring of pastors. Whatever the classification is, pastoral counseling should differ from ordinary counseling and recover its identity. Furthermore, it argues that pastoral counseling should develop theories and skills for ordinary pastors. In the second section, it points out the limitation of theological education and pastoral counseling in contemporary Korean church. Contemporary pastoral counseling and ordinary counseling are alike. The counseling of pastors in church has not developed theoretical backgrounds and skills. Pastoral counseling includes religious elements and spiritual areas. In the next part, it claims that pastoral counseling includes Christian spirituality. Pastoral counseling should include the recovery of spiritual aspects, which is different from the purpose of the ordinary counseling. It also compares pastoral counseling with spiritual direction. In a sense, pastoral counseling must partly be the spiritual direction in that pastors should take care of the spiritual life of lay christians. Lastly, it will delineate the religious resources of church and the necessity of manual, which can be used for pastoral counseling. Pastoral counseling can use religious resources such as the Bible, prayer, church community, pastoral visiting and so on. It argues that pastoral counseling needs to make manuals for pastors in church. This research contributes to showing the developmental possibility of pastoral counseling that can be used in church.

유럽노동조합연맹(ETUC)의 사회적 유럽

김영수(Youngsu Kim) 경상대학교 사회과학연구원(마르크스주의 연구) 2010 마르크스주의 연구 Vol.10 No.2

유럽 국가들은 1952년 파리조약과 1957년 로마조약을 계기로 EEC를 창설하고 난 이후 지역 내 경제공동체를 건설ㆍ강화하기 시작하였다. 1993년에 발효된 마스트리히트조약(1992년 7월 2일 체결)과 1997년의 암스테르담조약은 유럽 경제공동체의 전략적 목표를 제시하였다. 핵심적인 내용은 경제위기를 극복하기 위한 경제발전전략을 구체화하는 것이었다. 반면에 유럽의 노동자들은 유럽노동조합연맹(ETUC)을 중심으로 국가와 자본의 사회적 유럽을 활용하는 차원에서 노동조합운동을 전개하고 있다. ETUC는 EU를 상대로 유럽 노동자들의 제반 권리를 확보하기 위한 투쟁을 전개하였고, 그 전략은 노동의 유연성과 안정성을 동시에 확보하는 정책, 유럽 국민 국가의 전통인 사회복지정책을 확보하는 정책, 그리고 유럽 자본주의 발전의 한 축이었던 국가-자본-노동 간의 사회적 합의를 추구하는 정책이었다. 사회적 유럽에 대한 ETUC의 대응전략은 국제적이고 초국적인 노동조합운동의 실효성에 대한 의문을 던져주고 있다. 가장 핵심적인 것은 노동조합운동의 국제화가 현실화될 수 있는 것인가, 노동자들의 계급적ㆍ조직적 단결이 국제적 수준에서 실현될 수 있는 것인가, 그리고 혁명적인 이념으로 무장하고 전투적인 투쟁노선을 지향하는 노동조합운동이 지속될 수 있는 것인가에 대한 의문이다. The States of Europe established an economic community of Europe after they founded EEC on the Paris Treaty in 1952 and Rome treaty in 1957. There was a strategic purpose of the European economic community in the Mastricht Treaty in 1993 and Amsterdam Treaty in 1997. The most important content was to set up an economic development strategy and to overcome structural crises of capitalism. However, ETUC has utilized Social Europe of the States and the capital for interests of the European labor. ETUC has struggled to ensure rights of European labor against EU. ETUC had three strategies. Firstly, ETUC wants to ensure flexicurity of labor. Secondly, ETUC wants to ensure the conventional social welfare system of the States of Europe. Thirdly, ETUC wants to ensure the Social Tripartite between capital-labor-government. These Strategies about Social European Policy of the ETUC give us some doubts about international and transnational trade union movement. The most important things are whether trade union can be internationalized or not, having organizational solidarity and whether revolutional, combative trade union movement will continue in the future.