Gregorian chant 의 Centonization 기법에 관한 연구

김문자 한국음악학회 1986 한국음악학회논문집 음악연구 Vol.5 No.1

Gregorian chant had been transimitted orally before the music notational devices were developed in the Middle Ages. Therefore, Gregorian chant perfomances in those days depended upon memories and improvisations of a performer. As L. Treitler says, remembering is the reorganizational process of patterns accumulated through experiences. A person accumulates a stock of melodies according to the liturgical time and occasion since he becomes a choir boy. These are melodic patterns or, as W. Apel calls them, "standard phrases" which are used during Gregorian performances. That is, some Gregorian chants are composed by connecting these standard phrases one after the other, or by combining standard phrases and improvised sections in between. As a result, same phrases appear in a group of different Gregorian melodies, earning the name "wandering melismas." This "patch working" of standard melodies is called a centonization technique which is an unique characteristic of Gregorian chant. The centonization technique is especially eminent in Graduals, Responsories, and Tracts. This paper examines the technique by presenting standard phrases of each group above and analyzing in the chants selected from Liber Usalis.

島井宗室과 1590년 통신사(通信使) 파견문제(派遣問題)에 대해서

金文子 상명사학회 1994 祥明史學 Vol.2 No.-

16세기 동북아 국제질서 변동과 전쟁 -「朝鮮陣留書」 「服部傳右衛門覺書」에 보이는 日本武將들의 조선인식을 중심으로-

김문자 일본사학회 2008 일본역사연구 Vol.27 No.-

This paper observed how the view of Chosun (Korea) of those Japanese generals who participated in the Japanese Invasion of Korea in the late 16th century adapted and spread among Japanese, and how it influenced the view of Chosun (Korea) of Japanese of modern times. At the same time, what influences this view made on self-consciousness and the formation of external view of Japanese were considered. The experiences and memories of those generals who joined the war about fifty years back faded out, and thus were fabricated in many cases. In that light, this paper pointed out that the limited experiences and memories of Chosun (Korea) of the Japanese generals partly contributed to implanting comprehensive and multiple views of Chosun(Korea) into Japanese of modern times. The contemptuous view of Chosun (Korea) thus far argued was rather a politically inclined understanding held by philosophers and intellectuals during the Edo period. It was manifested that there have been diverse understandings of the view of Chosun of Japanese on those days since early modern times. The practical experience of war and of invasions of Korea caused the Japanese warriors to conceive international relations and nationalism against foreign countries. Those views and understandings of Chosun revealed in such recreational activities as Kahuki, Bunraku and Maturi also turned out to contribute to instilling diverse understandings of Chosun in Japanese.

리스評價 方法에 관한 考察

金文子 朝鮮大學校 敎育大學院 1986 敎育論叢 Vol.2 No.6

새로운 시설금융 수단으로서 리스업이 시작된 것은 1950년대이고 우리 나라에 도입된 것은 1973년이다. 그러므로 리스업은 그 역사가 30여년에 불과하나 그 성장솔은 기존 금융권에 비해 매우 높아 시설금융 수단으로서 리스의 영역이 더욱 넓혀지고 있는 것이 현재의 실정이다.

後期 르네쌍스의 器樂 音樂 形式 硏究 : 16세기를 중심으로

金文子 漢陽大學校 音樂硏究所 1984 音樂論壇 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study is to understand the evolution and development of various musical forms of the western music. It is hoped that when this study is completed there will be a genealogical table of musical forms for instrumental and vocal music throughout the whole period of the western music history. Keeping this in mind, this paper is devoted to the musical forms of the instrumental music available in the 16th century. The materials used in this paper are music from Historical Anthology of Music (HAM), Treasury of Early Music (TEM), Masterpieces of Music before 1750 (MM) and Norton Anthology of Western Music (NAWM). The music are then analized and classified according to the following categories each of which is again devided as below; type...1) drived form vocal music (Vo), 2) improvisation (I), 3) dance music (D), 4) variation(V) mode of performance...1) solo (S), 2) instrumental ensamble (IE) service music... 1) used in liturgical service (O), 2) not used in liturgical service (X) cantus firmus...1) used (O), 2) not used (X) style...1) chordal (C), 2) free (F), 3) imitative contrapunctal (I), 4) non-imitative contrapunctal (NI), 5) variation (V) rhythm...1) duple (D), 2) triple (T) form...1) closed(C), 2) open (O) Table I is the classification, Table II is the list of music, anthology numbers and composers, and lastly, Table III is the genealogy of the musical forms for the 16th century instrumental music.

行動主義 音樂敎育論 效用性에 관한 考察

金文子 漢陽大學校人文科學大學 1981 人文論叢 Vol.2 No.-

There are two main trends in educational theory. One is the assertion that education must become more humanizing, including values, attitudes, and appreciations in teaching. The other is the belief that educational procedures must become more objective and instructional goals must be constructed in scientific way, using behavioral objectives. At the first glance, these two trends seem contradict each other. But the fact is that they talk about two different aspects of education. The former suggests the extent of which education must include in its curriculum and the latter discusses the method of teaching. Teaching values and attitudes have been left out in school curriculum throughout the educational history. The reason is that teachers have thought such a personal matter could not be taught in schools. Therefore, they have left them to each individual, hoping that if they teach knowledge and skills, the forming of values and attitudes would be followed automatically. But beha-viorists object to such an opinion and insist on teaching values and attitudes in schools. And they suggest using behavioral objectives in teaching these concepts. And music educators have adopted the behavioristic views in music teaching. The opinion among music educators on the subject of behavioral objectives is devided in two groups. One group apposes to the use of behavioral objectives on the bases that the affective aspects of music can not be taught by the behavioral objectives, and the two are contrasting concepts. While the other group thinks that our covert behaviors, such as appreciation of music can be changed into overt behaviors by behavioral objectives. Therefore, the affective aspects of music can be taught in schools. The main problem of using behavioral objectives in music education lies on how to objectify such subjective matters as values and attitudes. And the problem also lies on evaluation of instructional results in affective domain. But when we modify the strict behavioristic position and utilize them in music education, the behavioral objectives can be a very useful educational tool. The purpose of this study is to introduce the theory of behaviorism in music education and to show its application by using behavioral objectives in lesson plans. By doing this, this writer hopes to show the benefits of utilizing the theory, as well as its limitations. And this is the starting point from which we can develop our own method of music teaching that is suitable in our situation.

서양음악사 용어의 한글화 통일을 위한 연구 : 정의 및 한글 용어 제시(바로크편) Definitions and Suggestions of Korean Terms

金文子 한양대학교 음악연구소 1999 音樂論壇 Vol.13 No.-

高等植物에 있어서 葯培養에 依한 半數體 誘起

金文子 牧園大學校 1985 論文集 - 牧園大學校 Vol.9 No.-

약배양이 시작된지 20여년이 지난 현재 70여속, 200여종의 식물에서 반수체를 유기시킬 수 있게 됨으로써 피자식물의 소포자나 화분을 기내배양하면 조포체로 분화된다는 것은 엄연한 사실이 되었다. 그동안에 배양약의 적기, 배기조성, 모식물의 유전자형 등 배양 성적을 높일 수 있는 방법들이 고안되었고 많은 지식이 축적되었다. 최근에는 기내배양에 반응해서 조포체로 분화하는 것은 S화분이라고 불리우는 이상화분이고 이 S화분은 식물체 또는 화뢰에 어떤 물리 화학적 처리를 해 줌으로써 증가시킬 수 있다는 것이 알려져 약배양에 의한 반수체 유기연구에 활력을 주게 되었다. 그러나 현재는 약배양이 되는 식물보다 안 되는 것이 더 많고 되는 것도 Datura나 Nicotiana처럼 반응이 좋은 것이 아니다. 반응이 좋다는 것도 전체 화분 중에서 조포체로 변하는 것은 극소수이기 때문에 그 이용에 문제가 있다. 약배양은 반수체나 homo-2배체를 얻을 수 있고 여기서 얻은 반수체 단세포 집단은 미생물 유전학에서 개발한 방법을 적용하여 돌연변이 유기, 유전생화학적 연구 등을 할 수 있는 귀중한 재료가 되므로 앞으로 약이나 화분 안에 있는 내생 호르몬 또는 억제물질에 대한 구명, 배지조성 특히 아미노산이나 새로운 growth regulator의 개발, 물리 화학적 처리에 의한 S화분의 다량분리 등으로 배양률을 높이는 것이 절실히 요구된다.

무궁화(Hibiscus syriacus L.)의 화기조직 배양에 의한 callus 및 배의 유기

김문자 목원대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 自然科學 硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

무궁화의 화뢰절편 배양시 온도 전처리와 배지의 종류 및 물리적 상태가 소포자 또는 체세포 유래의 캘러스 및 배발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 모든 처리에서 소포자 유래의 캘러스는 발생하지 않았으며 배양후 2-3 주일이 되었을 때 화사 유래의 체세포성 캘러스와 배가 발생하였다. 캘러스의 발생은 고온처리나 무처리에 비해 저온처리시에 높았다. 생장조절제는 benzyladenine(BA)이나 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)의 단독 첨가보다는 1 mg/L BA와 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D를 혼합하여 첨가했을때 캘러스의 발생이 높았으며 BA 1 mg/L를 단독으로 첨가했을때 배가 발생하였다. 배지의 물리적 상태는 액체나 반고체 보다는 고체상태에서 캘러스의 발생이 높았다. These experiments were carried out to examine the effect of temperature pretreatment, plant growth regulators, and physical condition of medium on callus induction in Hibiscus syriacus L. by culture of flower bud segment. Calluses and embryos were formed only from the surfaces of filament within 3-4 weeks after culture. The maximum frequency of callus formation was obtained at low temperature pretreatment. High temperature pretreatment did not enhanced callus induction. Optimal condition for induction of callus was found to be a medium containing a combination of BA(1mg/L) and 2,4-D(0.1mg/L) and for induction of embryo was to be a medium containing BA(1mg/L). Better results for callus induction were obtained when solid medium used rather than liquid or semi-solid medium.

온도 전처리와 모식물의 품종이 고추(Capsicum annuum L.)의 약배양에 미치는 영향

김문자 목원대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

고추의 약배양시 고온 및 저온의 온도 전처리와 모식물의 품종에 따른 차이가 소포자배 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 배양후 4-5 주일이 되었을 때부터 약강 내에서 소포자 유래의 배와 캘러스가 발생하였다. 배의 발생은 계룡산 재래와 밀양재래 두 품종 중 밀양재래에서 높았다. 배와 캘러스의 발생은 고온처리에 비해 저온처리에서 높았으나 저온처리에서 발생한 배는 대부분이 비정상적으로 발달하였고 고온처리에서는 배의 발생은 다소 낮았으나 대부분이 정상적으로 발달하였다. Anthers of Capsicum annuum L. were cultured on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L kinetin. The influence of temperature pre-treatment and cultivars of donor plant on induction of microspore embryo was investigated. Calluses and embryos were formed 3-4 weeks after culture. Milyang-jare was superior to the Geryongsan-jare for microspore embryo induction. Low temperature treatment produced relatively high responsive anthers and embryogenic callus but embryo growth was abnormal. Anther response was slightly low in high temperature treatment but embryogenesis was normal.