가전제품용 플라스틱 안료 개발과 색상 견뢰도와 내구성 평가

김덕열,최규철,장상목,양수철 한국공업화학회 2021 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2021 No.-

유방재건 후 Skate 피판을 이용한 유두재건술의 장기추적결과

김덕열,동은상,윤을식,손길수 대한성형외과학회 2011 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: A number of flap for nipple reconstruction have been well described in the literature. However, most of these techniques do not permit the reconstruction of a projecting nipple and all are hampered to some extent by long-term loss of nipple projection. The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term result and clinical efficacy of nipple reconstruction using skate flap technique after breast reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out on 23 patients who underwent 25 nipple reconstructions. In those patients with greater than 10 mm nipple projection, reconstruction with skate flap and full-thickness skin graft and/or tattooing was performed. Maintenance of nipple projection was then carefully assessed over one-year follow-up. The following factors were analyzed: type of breast reconstruction, type of areola reconstruction, followup period, decrease in nipple projection, complication, and whether secondary nipple reconstruction was necessary and/or performed. Results: Breast reconstructions were performed in 17 patients with free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap, 3 patients with extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, and 3 patients with expander and implant. The mean follow-up after nipple reconstruction was 17 months. Mean loss of projection were 17.0 ± 13.99%, 25.0 ± 12.70%, 30.0 ± 12.57% and 30.8 ± 12.49% at 3, 6, 9 months and over one year, respectively. The greatest decrease in projection was noted in the first 3 months following surgery. Conclusion: These results indicated that nipple reconstruction with skate flap showed about 70 percent of the projection achieved over one year postoperation. Therefore, the skate flap may be a reliable method of nipple reconstruction in those patients with greater than 10 mm nipple projection.

공동물류와 물류표준화

김덕열 한국물류협회 2003 물류혁신 컨퍼런스 Vol.11 No.2

식품관련 향균 플라스틱 안료 개발과 색상 평가

김덕열,최규철,양수철,장상목 한국공업화학회 2021 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2021 No.1

자동차용 플라스틱 안료 개발과 색상 평가

김덕열,최규철,양수철,장상목 한국공업화학회 2021 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2021 No.1

일관수송용 T-11형 및 T-12형 파렛트에 적합한 연안용 화물컨테이너(8 & 12 피트) 공용 표준치수 산정에 관한 연구

김덕열 ( Deokyeol Kim ),서병륜 ( Byongyoon Suh ),송상화 ( Sanghwa Song ) 한국로지스틱스학회 2017 로지스틱스연구 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 일관수송용 파렛트(T-11, T-12 형)에 적합한 연안용 화물컨테이너(8, 12 피트)의 공용 배수 치수를 개발하는 것이며, 물류 모듈체계의 하나인 파렛트 최대 평면치수 1,140 x 1,140mm와 1,240 x 1,040mm를 기준으로 배가법과 승산법을 적용하여 컨테이너의 공용 배수치수를 선정하였다. 첫째, 화물컨테이너의 구조는 측면도어 개방형으로 최소 안쪽 너비는 2,280mm로 고정하고 길이는 CAPE 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 조정하였다. 둘째, 최대 평면 치수를 8피트에 4개, 12피트에 6개가 적재되도록 2 내지 3배로 배가한 다음에 상 · 하역 작업의 여유치수를 추가하여 새로운 1차적 치수를 도출하였다. 셋째, 1차로 도출한 치수 중에서 가장 큰 치수를 공용 배수 치수로 선정하고, 컨테이너에 파렛트 4개 또는 6개의 적재방법과 효율을 분석하여 최적화 여부를 시뮬레이션하고 ISO 및 KS 규격에 부합되는 가를 최종 확인하였다. 따라서, 두 종류 파렛트에 대한 컨테이너 공용 배수치수는 최소 내부 너비가 2,280mm, 내부 길이는 8피트가 2,580mm, 12피가 3,580mm로 선정되었다. 공용 배수치수는 파렛트 적재효율이 8피트의 경우 T-11형이 83.9%, T-12형이 83.2%, 혼적 시에 83.5%, 평균 적재효율은 83.53%이며, 12피트는 T-11형이 88.9%, T-12형이 88.2%, 혼적하는 경우 88.4%, 평균 적재효율은 88.5%이다. 결론적으로 공용 배수치수는 파렛트 적재효율이 모두 83% 이상으로 되어 비교적 우수한 것으로 판단되며, 평균 적재효율은 12피트가 8피트 보다 약 5% 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to develop common size for coastal freight containers (8, 12 feet) suitable for through transit pallets (T-11, T-12 type). The common doubling size of the container were selected by applying doubling method and multiplication method based on the plan view size(pvs) of 1,140 x 1,140 mm and 1,240 x 1,040 mm, which is one of the logistics module systems. First, the structure of the freight container is the side door open type, the minimum inside width size is fixed to 2,280 mm, and the inside length size were adjusted by CAPE simulation program. Second, a new primary dimension was derived by doubling the plan view size of the four pallets to 8 feet, six pallets to 12 feet, and then adding the clearance of the material handling loading operations. Third, the common doubling size was selected the largest size among the first derived sizes, simulated the optimization by analyzing the loading method and efficiency of four or six pallets in the container, and finally confirmed whether it compliance with the ISO and KS standards. Therefore, the inside width of both containers is 2,280mm, the inside length size of 8 feet is 2,530mm and 12 feet container is 3,580mm. The load efficiency of 8 feet container, T-11 type is 83.9% and T-12 type is 83.2%, mixed with T-11 and T-12 type is 83.5 %, average is 83.53%, and in case of 12 feet, the load efficiency of T-11 type is 89.9%, T-12 type is 88.2%, mixed with T-11 and T-12 type is 88.4% average load efficiency is 88.5%. As a result, it is judged that the common doubling sizes are comparatively excellent because the loading efficiency of the pallet is over 83%, and the average loading efficiency of 12 feet container is more 5% higher than 8 feet.

T-X(Trainer Experimental) 시범기 공중급유 급유압력 지상시험 연구

김덕열(Deokryeol Kim),천태욱(Tae Wook Cheon),김권호(Kwon Ho Kim),송정헌(Jung Hyon Song) 한국항공우주학회 2016 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

[특집 가스엔진차량] LPG 액상 고압 분사(LPI) 시스템

김덕열(Deok Ryol Kim),박정남(Jeong Nam Park) 한국자동차공학회 2005 오토저널 Vol.27 No.3

2018년도 국내 T-11형 및 T-12형 파렛트 생산/사용 실태조사에 대한 시계열적 분석

김덕열(Kim, Deok-Yeol),서병륜(Suh, Byong-Yoon),윤의식(Yoon, Eui Sik),송상화(Song, Sang-Hwa) 한국물류학회 2020 물류학회지 Vol.30 No.2

파렛트는 아주 단순한 운반도구 또는 적재 깔판으로 인식될 수 있지만, 화물을 싣고 달리는 운반용 도구로서 물류의 흐름과 기 능을 통합적으로 연결하는 중요한 연결 매개체 역할을 한다. 하역작업의 생산성과 화물의 운반 활성도를 높이려면 표준파렛트를 사용하여 화물의 적재단위를 대형화하고 기계화 및 자동화를 추진해야 하며, 표준화된 유닛로드시스템을 통하여 공급망의 전체 최적화를 구축해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 산업 현장에 파렛트의 생산과 사용부문에 대한 실태조사와 연구가 가장 우선적으로 선행 되어야 한다. 본 연구는 그동안 (사)한국파렛트컨테이너협회에서 수행하였던 파렛트 및 컨테이너의 실태조사 결과를 토대로 시계 열 분석을 하는 것이다. 우리나라 파렛트 표준규격은 2013년부터 T-11형과 T-12형 두 종류를 일관수송용 표준규격으로 채택하고 있으며, 그동안 조사결과에 따르면 파렛트 규격(치수)에 따른 생산과 사용의 비중은 T-11형이 약 40%, T-12형은 약 13∼14% 수준 으로 집계되었으며, 파렛트 재질에 따른 생산과 사용의 비중은 플라스틱이 약 50%, 목재 재질이 약 40%의 수준을 보이고 있다. The pallet can be perceived as a very simple transport tool or a loading board, but it serves as an important coupling medium for integrating logistics flow and function as a transport tool that is shipping and loading freight. In order to increase the productivity of the unloading operation and the transport activity index cargo, the loading unit of the cargo shall be large, mechanized and automated using a standards pallet, and the overall optimization of the supply chain shall be established through the unit road system using standard pallets. To this end, time sequential analysis of survey and research on the production and usage of pallets at industrial sites should be carried out firstly. This study is based on the results of the status surveys which is the pallets and containers conducted by the Korea Pallet Container Association for the most recently survey in 2018. The Korean standard for pallet has adopted two types of T-11 and T-12 as standard standards for through transit pallets since 2013. According to the findings, the proportion of production and usage according to the pallet standard (dimensions) is roughly 40 percent for T-11 type and 13 to 14 percent for T-12 type, and the proportion of production and usage by the pallet material is roughly 50 percent for plastics and 40 percent for wood materials.

무인헬기의 정밀 자동착륙 접근을 위한 영상정보 처리

김덕열(Deokryeol Kim),김도명(Do-Myoung Kim),석진영(Jinyoung Suk) 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.1

In this paper, a precision landing approach is implemented based on real-time image processing. A full-scale landmark for automatic landing is used. canny edge detection method is applied to identify the outside quadrilateral while circular hough transform is used for the recognition of inside circle. Position information on the ground landmark is uplinked to the unmanned helicopter via ground control computer in real time so that the unmanned helicopter control the air vehicle for accurate landing approach. Ground test and a couple of flight tests for autonomous landing approach show that the image processing and automatic landing operation system have good performance for the landing approach phase at the altitude of 20m~1m above ground level.