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『서유기(西遊記)』 『김병매사화(金甁梅詞話)』 중 방향 전치사 소고(小考)
김경림 ( Kyeong Lim Kim ) 성신여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 人文科學硏究 Vol.31 No.-
This paper focus on the direction-Preposition in Ming-dynasty jinpingmei and xiyouji. There are 打, 打從, 從, 朝, 朝着, 照, 照着, 向, 往, 望etc in the two text. ``向, 往, 從`` out of the lot have grown from ancient times through untold ages, ``打, 打從, 朝, 朝着, 照, 照着, 望`` newly come into being existence in the old mandarin. ``打, 打從, 朝着, 照着, 望`` only have dialect component or have their own self life until the present mandarin. Preposition turn into grammaticalization from verb. First, the words that express any place after verb are its first appearance as object(V1 + Np). Secondly another verbs that begin its existence after verb phrase form a interlocking sentence (V1 + Np1 + V2 + (Np2)). Finally, that structure become a preposition through grammaticalization with reanalyzing as modification structure. Moreover, ``往`` ``向`` doubles as using adverbial, as preposition phrase, not move after verb, but verb ``往`` use as a interlocking verb and then turn into grammaticalization at that position. Direction preposition turn into grammaticalization from the meaning of ``look(望, 照)`` ``go (往, 向, 從)`` and ``face(朝, 打)``. Therefore, having the same meaning, ``從`` ``向`` cross use each other in the old mandarin. ``往`` gradually are presumed to combine with the usage of Preposition.
근대중국어 "차일점아(差一點兒)" 의미장(意味場) 연구
김경림 ( Kyeong Lim Kim ) 한국중국언어학회 2011 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.34
現代漢語普通話中使用的"差一點"是從淸代開始出現的新興副詞。 近代漢語근"差一點兒"意義相近的詞有"幾乎、險、險些、爭些、差些"等。 這些副詞在近代漢語中可以分三類, 一類是先秦時期開始一直沿用的, 有"幾", 二類是宋元時期新産生的, 有"爭些", "險些", 三類是明代中期産生的, 有"差些", "拉些"。 "幾乎"在近代漢語中, 自由地使用在一般對話中, 生命力흔强, 一直沿用到現代漢語普通話。 "險"最晩宋代已出現, 是"從文言``危``的意義轉化而使用的。近代漢語中還看到複合詞"險些", "險了險"等。 "爭"和"差"是近代漢語時期是個同義詞, 而互相經常連用。 先産生"爭些", 後來"差"也근著"爭"産生"差些"。 隨著明末漸漸把"些"的一部分用法爲"點"所替代, "差些"也爲"差點"所替代。 這些詞在近代漢語中大部分表示"不希望實現的事情幾乎實現而沒有實現, 有慶幸的意思"。謂語근現代漢語一樣肯定形式和否定形式都使用, 意思相同。 可是타們的出現比率병不同。 明代中期以後, 否定形式呈顯然增加的趨向。 我們從近代漢語"差一點兒"語義場中, 除了各個成員的詞彙興替以外, 還看到從肯定式到否定式的變化。 從現代漢語的眼光來看, 否定形式中否定副詞是沒有實在意義的羨餘部分, 但從通時的角度來看, 否定副詞可看成是這些成員意義變化的一種"標志"。