미국 서부 Montana 의 임업과 삼림식생

홍성천 한국임학회 1989 한국산림과학회지 Vol.78 No.1

1987년 12월부터 1년간 이 지역을 답사하여 얻어진 결과를 다음가 같이 요약 할 수 있었다. 1. 서부 Montana주는 Rocky산맥이 관통하고 있어 험준한 산악이 많은 지역이다. 2. 화강암, 석회암이 많고 Cyroborolls, Cyroborallfs 등의 산림토양이 많다. 3. 연강수량은 약 500mm 정도이며 대부분 겨울철에 눈으로 내린다. 연평균온도는 4℃ 4. 목재생산 목재가공 야생동물 수자원 혼모임업이 조화를 이루고 있는 지역이며 임업경제가 지역경제에 미치는 영향이 크다. 5. Elk Deer Bear 등의 야생동물의 밀도가 높다 6. 주로 천연갱신작업으로 후계림이 계승되고 있으며 임업작업중의 난제는 산불진화에 있었다. 7. 수평적으로 Ponderosa 소나무, Psedotsuga menziesii가 50% 이상을 점유하고 있으며, 수직적으로는 Pinus-Pseudotsuge(Larix)-Picea-Abies-Tsuga 속의 순으로 분포되고 있었다.

金井山 一帶의 森林植生分析

洪盛千,裵寬浩,尹忠遠 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1995 慶北大農學誌 Vol.13 No.-

난대림과 온대남부림의 경계를 구분할 수 있는 식생단위를 찾아내기 위하여 난대림과 온대남부림의 경계지역에 속한다고 추정되는 금정산(북위 35。03'∼35。17', 동경 129。01'∼129。05')의 현존삼림식생을 중심으로 ZM방식으로 식생분류를 하였고, 아울러 군락의 안정성을 구명하였던 바 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있었다. 1. 금정산 일대의 삼림식생은 10개군락, 9개군, 2개소군으로 분류되었다. Ⅰ. 개서어나무群落 (Carpinus tschonoskii community) Ⅰ-A. 노각나무群 (Stewartia koreana group) Ⅰ-B. 쥐똥나무群 (Ligstrum obtusifolium group) Ⅰ-C. 초피나무群 (Carex humilis group) Ⅱ. 굴참나무群落 (Quercus variabilis community) Ⅲ. 졸참나무群落 (Quercus serrata community) Ⅲ-A. 거북꼬리群 (Boehmeria tricuspis group) Ⅲ-B. 典型群(Typical group) Ⅳ. 등나무群落 (Wisteria floribunda community) Ⅴ. 신갈나무群落 (Quercus mongolica community) Ⅴ-A. 조릿대群(Sasa borealis group) Ⅴ-B. 그늘사초群 (Carex lanceolata group) Ⅴ-B-1. 족도리小群 (Asarum sieboldii subgroup) Ⅴ-B-2. 해변싸리小群(Lespedeza × maritima subgroup) Ⅵ. 소나무群落 (Pinus densiflora community) Ⅵ-A. 사스레피나무群 (Eurya japonica group) Ⅵ-B. 전형군(Typical group) Ⅶ. 떡갈나무群落 (Quercus dentata community) Ⅷ. 소사나무群落 (Carpinus coreana community) Ⅸ. 해송群落 (Pinus thunbergii community) Ⅹ. 상수리나무群落 (Quercus acutissima community) 2. 16개 식생단위중 소나무군락의 사스레피나무군(Eurya japonica group)이 난대림과 온대남부림을 경계하는 지표식생군인 것으로 사료되었다. 3. 노각나무군은 치묘와 치수가 나타나지 않는 점으로 미루어 상층임관아래에서는 천연갱신이 어려운 종으로 사료되었다. 4. 분류된 식생단위와 해발과의 관계에서 개서어나무군락·굴참나무군락·졸참나무군락·등나무군락·소나무군락의 사스레피나무군·해송군락은 주로 해발 500m이하에서, 신갈나무군락·소나무군락의 전형군·떡갈나무군락·소사나무군락·상수리나무군락은 주로 해발 500m 이상에 분포하고 있었다. 5. 식생단위와 지형과의 관계에서는 개서어나무군락·굴참나무군락·졸참나무군락·등나무군락·소나무군락의 사스레피나무군은 사면중부이하에서, 신갈나무군락·소나무군락의 전형군·떡갈나무군락·소사나무군락·해송군락·상수리나무군락은 사면중부이상에 분포하고 있었다. Mt. Kumjeong is located in south-eastern part of the Korean Peninsular(129˚01' to 129˚05'E, 35˚03' to 35˚17'N) and the altitude of the summit is 802 meter. In order to find out the vegetation units which made it possible to classify subtropical forest and south-temperate forest, Mt. Kumjeong (which is located in a border of between subtropical forest and south-temperate forest) was selected as a study area. The primary result of actual vegetation analysis in Mt. Kumjeong based upon the vegetation community analysis methods by the ZM-school, and the relationships between vegetation community and two parameters(altitude, topography) analyzed by suing coincidence analysis method were summarized as followings. 1. Based upon analytic methods of the vegetation community by the ZM-schools, the primary analytic result of the analysis of vegetation community in Mt. Kumjeong was divided into 10 communities, 9 groups, 2 subgroups. 2. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community out of 16 vegetation units was thought as a indicator vegetation group which made it possible to border subtropical forest and south-temperate forest 3. Natural regeneration of Stewartia koreana group was thought to be difficult because seedling and sapling was rarely showed 4. In relationhship between vegetation units and altitude, Carpinus tschonoskii community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Wisteria floribunda community,. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community, Pinus thunbergii community mainly distributed below altitude 500 meter, and Quercus mongolica community, Typical group of Pinus densiflora community, Quercus dentata community, Carpinus coreana community, Quercus acutissima community mainly distributed above altitude 500 meter. 5. In relationhship between vegetation units and topography, Carpinus tschonoskii community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Wisteria floribunda community,. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community distributed below middle slope, Quercus mongolica community, Typical group of Pinus densiflora community, Quercus dentata community, Carpinus coreana community, Pinus thunbergii community Quercus acutissima community distributed above middle slope.

慶北大學校 演習林의 維管束 植物相에 關하여

洪盛千,李炳天 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSI 1983 慶北大農學誌 Vol.1 No.-

This experiment was conducted to investigate the flora of Kyungpook National University Forests, which is located in Walme-Ri, Hyundong-Myon, Chungsong-Kun and at 128˚ 59' 55"-129˚ 01' 30"E longitude and 36˚ 10' 30"-36˚ 13' 00"N latitude. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; The kinds of the vascular plants identified are 298 which are composed of 79 families, 188 genera, 248 species, 1 subspecies, 46 varieties and 3 formae. Woody plants are composed of 39 families, 67 genera, 112 species, 7 varieties and 3 formae. The total number of woody plants listed are 122, tall trees of woody plants 50, shrubs 46 and winders 16, respectively. The kinds of edible plants listed are 118 such as Lithospermum erythrohizon, Codonopsis lanceolata and Aster scaber etc. Medical plants are listed as 48 kinds such as Schizandra chinensis, and A canthopanax sessiliflorus etc. Con Codonopsis Schizandra It is the first time to report that the populations of Ulmusmacrocarpa, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Schizandra chinensis, and Lithospermum erythrorhizon are existed in this area.

산마늘(Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum)의 형태적.유전적 변이

홍성천,배관호 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1995 慶北大農學誌 Vol.13 No.-

약용 또는 식용으로 이용되고 있는 산림자원 식물이 산마늘(Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum)의 지역별 군락생태적 특징과 형태적·유전적 변이를 살펴본 바 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있었다. 식생구성을 살펴보면 오대산과 함백산의 경우는 고목층의 우점종은 신갈나무이며 아고목 관목층은 당단풍, 쇠물푸레, 철쭉꽃의 피도가 높게 나타났다. 울릉도의 경우는 너도 밤나무, 우산고로쇠, 섬피나무, 마가목, 섬단풍나무가 고목층에 나타나며, 초본층에는 우점종인 산마늘과 함께 일색고사리, 섬말나리, 큰연령초의 피도가 전반적으로 높게 나타난다. 오(1977)의 식물지리구계구분에서 울릉도를 울릉도아구로 별도로 구분하고 있는 것과 같이 내륙의 오대산, 함백산과 울릉도의 전반적인 식생구성은 현저한 차이를 나타내었다. 형태적 인자에 대한 주성분분석과 판별분석 결과 울릉도와 함백산 및 오대산의 두 group으로 구분되었다. 울릉도의 산마늘은 함백산 및 오대산 지역과 비교하여 A₁C₁band가 없고, 대신 C₃band가 나타나 유전적으로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 함백산과 오대산 두 지역의 산마늘에 있어서는 함백산에 A₄band가 하나 더 있을 뿐이어서 동위효소 GOT에 의한 변이는 거의 없었다. 따라서 세 지역의 산마늘에 대한 유전적 변이에 있어 함백산과 오대산은 큰 차이가 없으나 이들 두 지역과 울릉도와는 변이의 폭이 크게 나타났다. This research was conducted to investigate morphological and genetic variation of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum which growed wild in Mt. Hambaek, Mt. Odae, and Ullungdo. The tree layer of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum community in Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae was dominated by Quercus mongolica. The tree layer of Ullungdo generally consist of Fagus crenata var. multinervis, Acer triflorum, Sorbus commixta, and Tilia insularis. In the herb layer, Rumohra standishii, Trillium tschonoskii, and Lilium hansonii are common at Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum community in Ullungdo. The vegetation in Ullungdo was widely different from those in Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae by species composition. The result of Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Canonical Discriminent Analysis of by the 8 characters showed that Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum could be classified into 2 groups: (one ; Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae, the other ; Ullungdo). In PCA, the major factors in the first principal component group was angle of leaf apex. Variation of band by isozyme GOT(glautamate oxaloaccetate transaminase) is similar between Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae. However, Ullungdo differed from Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae in variation of bands.

삽목(揷木)의 발근분화(發根分化)가 삽수(揷穗)의 수분동태에 미치는 영향

홍성천 한국임학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

實驗目的 : 몇 번의 實驗에서 揷木後 時日이 지남에 따라 揷穗의 水分動態에 差가 있음을 確認할 수가 있었다. 本 實驗에서는 揷木後發根까지에 있어 증산량의 變化, Leaf water potenial(φl)의 變化를 환경제어실에서 再確認 實驗하였고, 이들 증산량의 變化와 φl의 變化 Pattern에 있어 그 差가 생기는 原因이 어디에 있는가를 發根分化와 聯關시켜 보았다. 결과 1) 揷木後 發根까지의 증산량 變化 Pattern은 Y=7.468-0.584×0.017X²의 式에, 사철나무는 Y=3.346-0.322×÷0.01X²의 式에 가깝게 變化하고 있었다. 2) 揷木後 時日이 지남에 따라 揷穗의 φl의 최고, 최저치에 差가 있었으며, 최저치에 더욱 뚜렷하였다. φl가 감소하거나 증가할 때도 그 差가 明確하였고, 時日이 지남에 따라 보다 높은 최저치를 가지고 있었다. Hormon 처리의 경우 10日째의 變化 Pattern은 무처리의 경우 20日째의 Pattern과 유사하였다. 3) 發根分化 즉 揷穗의 組織變化에도 差를 認定할 수 있었으나 증산량의 Patern과 φl의 變化 Pattern과는 일치하지는 않았으나 도관내부의 Gum물질이나 Pactin 물질들의 蓄積과는 일치하는 傾向이 있었다.

4장. 일제강점기시대

홍성천 숲과문화연구회 2014 산림문화대계 Vol.1 No.-

迎日地區 砂防事業에 關한 調査硏究

洪盛千 慶北大學校 새마을硏究所 1978 農村과 科學 Vol.1 No.-

A largely devastated forest land(4,538ha) has been distributed in Young-il districts, Gyeong-Sang Buk-Do. The government invested about 3.8billion won from 1973 to 1977 to control soil erosion of this area and to reforest it. Thus the devastated forest land has been changed in to a good forest land. This investigation was conducted to know the cause of devastated forest land before reforestation, Socio-economic effects on the surrounding villages, and appropriate management practices for further. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Forest soil on the parent rock of the shale and mudstone is poor in infilteration, thin surface soil and low water holding capacity. Further, this area has relatively low precipitation, low humidity and strong wind from east sea directly. Once this forest land were devasted. It is very difficult to reforest. 2. In five years after planting the height of alders(Alnus spp.) was 390cm, black locast(Robinia pseudoacaciaL.) 400cm, pitch pine(pinus rigida Miller) 100cm in an average, respectively. The trees growned by direct seeding management were grown to 300cm in black locast, and shrub lespedeza (Lespedeza spp.) 160cm. The top growth and root development is so competitive each other among trees that the silvicultural techniques such as pruning and thinning should be practiced to provide enough space for growth in up and under ground. 3. Forestation shall play important role in producing about 1.8million M/T of ground water and in preventing approximately 220,000M/T of soil erosion every year in quantity with progress of forestation. In addition, it is expected to be used as fish shelter forest and protection forest from wind. 4. The forest physiognomy is in colonies of both Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) and Japanese black pine (Pinus Thunbergii Parlat.) and the growth is in good condition. However, the invasion by pine midge and possibility of fire occurance are always existing in these pure status of forest. Further, sice the artificial low vegetation and shrub lespedeza are dying with decrease in light intensity under over wood. If such situation become more sereous, the forest in Young-il districts shall be returned to devasted land. Therefore, firstly it is desirable to urgently form the mixed hardwood forest using trees of climatic optimum species such as trees of heaven (Ailanthus altissima Swingle), chenese hackberry(Celtis sinensis persson), oaks(Quercus spp.). Secondly, the thinning and pruning of the overwood shall be halpful for conservating low vegetation.

경북지역 삼림식생(森林植生)의 분포

홍성천 한국임학회 1983 한국산림과학회지 Vol.59 No.1

<目的> 地域別 造林樹種 選定 및 各樹種의 造林區域을 設定할 目的으로 주요 森林植生의 水平的 分布를 調査하였다. <調査方法> 1977年 3月부터 1982年 10月까지 5個年間에 걸쳐 慶北地域內의 31個 市郡地域을 直接 踏査하여 얻어진 資料를 整理하였다. <結果> 1) 慶北地域에 分布되어 있는 회양목과 측백나무의 自生地를 파악할 수 있었다. 2) 蔚珍을 비롯한 慶北東海岸地域에 팽나무와 쥐나무(Evodia Daniellii)가 좋은 生育을 보이고 있었다. 3) 竹林分布 限界線을 찾을 수 있었고 까침박달(Exochorda serratifolia)과 등칡(Aristolochia manshuriensis)의 分布地를 發見할 수 있었다. 4) 울진, 영양, 봉화지역에는 소나무 植生이, 문경새재에는 개박달나무 植生이 잘 보존되어 있었다. 5) 울릉도 特産 森林植生을 확인할 수 있었다.

삽수의 (揷穗) 수분 통도저항 (通導抵抗)

홍성천 ( Sung Cheon Hong ) 한국산림과학회 1980 한국산림과학회지 Vol.48 No.1

The resistance to water transport were measured for the species which are easy for rooting and the species which are difficult for rooting from cutting to rooting. The experimental materials were selected as Euonymus japonica and Viburnum Awabuki for the species easy to root and Quercus glauca, Pasania edulis and Rhaphiolepsis umbellata var. integerreima for the species that are difficult to root. The results were summarized as follows; 1. As the time passed after cutting, the variation of total resistance (RT) showed a slow increase for the species easy to root, while the species that were difficult to root showed a rapid increase. 2. The stem resistance without leaves (RS) showed a rapid increase for the species easy to root but the species difficult to root had nearly constant values. 3. The stem resistance in the cross section (RC) increased noticably for the species difficult to root showed no increase. Furthermore the stem resistance in the cross section (RC) depended on the variation of the stem resistance without leaves (RS). 4. The total resistance (RT) consisted mainly of the resistance of the axil part (RL) for the species difficult to root.

삽목발근촉진을 (揷木發根促進) 위한 토양 및 대기수분관리

홍성천 ( Seong Cheon Hong ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

This experiment was carried out to know the effects of soil water potential of cutting bed and relative humidity on the rooting of stem cutting in the field plots. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The most number of the rooted cutting was found from 70 to 80% of relative humidity in Spring and from 90 to 100% in Summer respectively. 2. It was found that the number of rooted cutting was the least in the range of 0 to-0.006 bar of soil water potential of cutting bed in the case of Spring cutting, whereas in Summer the number of the rooted cutting was the most one in the range of -0.049 to -0.124 bar of soil water potential of cutting bed. 3. High signification was recognized between the relative humidity and the number of the rooted cutting only in the Spring cutting, but that of soil water potential and the number of the rooted cutting was found to be significant in every season.