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Choi, Kyung Mook,Park, Hye Soon,Han, Jee Hye,Lee, Jee Sung,Lee, Juneyoung,Ryu, Ok Hyun,Lee, Kye Won,Cho, Kyung Hwan,Yoon, Dokyong,Baik, Sei Hyun,Choi, Dong Seop,Kim, Seon Mee Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2006 Journal of hypertension Vol.24 No.8
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, and their association with the risk factors in a Korean population. DESIGN: The Korean Nation Health and Nutrition Survey 2001, a cross-sectional survey, was a nationally representative survey in which a stratified multistage sampling design was used. METHODS: Data from a comprehensive questionnaire, together with a physical examination and blood sample, were obtained from 6074 Korean adults (2620 men and 3454 women) aged ≥ 20 years, and analysed. RESULTS: The estimated age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 22.9% (26.9% in men, 20.5% in women) and 31.6% (41.9% in men, 25.9% in women), respectively, in the Korean population according to Joint National Committee 7 criteria. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, total-cholesterol and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with hypertension. Overall, only 30.2% of the hypertensive individuals had been previously diagnosed. Furthermore, 22.9% of the hypertensive individuals were being treated with antihypertensive medication, but only 10.7% had their blood pressure adequately controlled. The rates of awareness, treatment and control were higher for the women than for the men, and these rates increased with age. CONCLUSION: Hypertension and prehypertension are common in Korea, and more than one-half of the hypertensive patients have not been diagnosed. These results place great emphasis on the urgent need for a public health program to improve the detection, prevention and treatment of hypertension and prehypertension.
Pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and liver immunity
( Won-mook Choi ),( Won-il Jeong ) 대한간학회 2015 임상연구방법론워크숍 Vol.2015 No.1
Various types of chronic liver disease cause liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known as the key cell type by producing a large amount of extracellular matrix, profibrotic cytokines and chemokines. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that the liver is not only a metabolic organ but also an immunologic organ due to enrichment of diverse types of innate and adaptive immune cells. Moreover, the cell-to-cell interactions between HSCs and various types of immune cells are closely associated with the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Especially, the liver is known to play a key role in innate immune defenses against pathogens. Indeed, various innate immune cells such as Kupffer cells, macrophages/monocytes, neutrophils, and dendritic cells play an important role in accelerating or ameliorating liver fibrosis directly or indirectly via interactions with HSCs. Moreover, unlike other organs, innate lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK), NKT, and γδ T cell are abundant in the liver comprising up to 50% of whole liver lymphocytes. Although still controversial in their roles (i.e. profibrotic vs. antifibrotic), these innate lymphocytes are also deeply involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Especially, NK cells seem to play a negative regulatory role in liver fibrosis via inhibiting or suppressing activated HSCs. In addition, increasing evidences have suggested that adaptive immune cells are no longer a ‘bystander’, but contribute considerably to liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the updated concept of pathophysiology of liver fibrosis and liver immunity.
Experimental Applications of in situ Liver Perfusion Machinery for the Study of Liver Disease
Choi, Won-Mook,Eun, Hyuk Soo,Lee, Young-Sun,Kim, Sun Jun,Kim, Myung-Ho,Lee, Jun-Hee,Shim, Young-Ri,Kim, Hee-Hoon,Kim, Ye Eun,Yi, Hyon-Seung,Jeong, Won-Il Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.1
The liver is involved in a wide range of activities in vertebrates and some other animals, including metabolism, protein synthesis, detoxification, and the immune system. Until now, various methods have been devised to study liver diseases; however, each method has its own limitations. In situ liver perfusion machinery, originally developed in rats, has been successfully adapted to mice, enabling the study of liver diseases. Here we describe the protocol, which is a simple but widely applicable method for investigating the liver diseases. The liver is perfused in situ by cannulation of the portal vein and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), with antegrade closed circuit circulation completed by clamping the infrahepatic IVC. In situ liver perfusion can be utilized to evaluate immune cell migration and function, hemodynamics and related cellular reactions in each type of hepatic cells, and the metabolism of toxic or other compounds by changing the composition of the circulating media. In situ liver perfusion method maintains liver function and cell viability for up to 2 h. This study also describes an optional protocol using density-gradient centrifugation for the separation of different types of hepatic cells, allowing the determination of changes in each cell type. In summary, this method of in situ liver perfusion will be useful for studying liver diseases as a complement to other established methods.
Choi, Kyu-Bong,Woo, Sung Yun,Kang, Won-Mook,Lee, Soochang,Kim, Chul-Heung,Bae, Jong-Ho,Lim, Suhwan,Lee, Jong-Ho Frontiers Media S.A. 2018 Frontiers in neuroscience Vol.12 No.-
<P>Hardware-based spiking neural networks (SNNs) to mimic biological neurons have been reported. However, conventional neuron circuits in SNNs have a large area and high power consumption. In this work, a split-gate floating-body positive feedback (PF) device with a charge trapping capability is proposed as a new neuron device that imitates the integrate-and-fire function. Because of the PF characteristic, the subthreshold swing (<I>SS</I>) of the device is less than 0.04 mV/dec. The super-steep <I>SS</I> of the device leads to a low energy consumption of ∼0.25 pJ/spike for a neuron circuit (PF neuron) with the PF device, which is ∼100 times smaller than that of a conventional neuron circuit. The charge storage properties of the device mimic the integrate function of biological neurons without a large membrane capacitor, reducing the PF neuron area by about 17 times compared to that of a conventional neuron. We demonstrate the successful operation of a dense multiple PF neuron system with reset and lateral inhibition using a common self-controller in a neuron layer through simulation. With the multiple PF neuron system and the synapse array, on-line unsupervised pattern learning and recognition are successfully performed to demonstrate the feasibility of our PF device in a neural network.</P>
( Won-mook Choi ),( Jonggi Choi ),( Danbi Lee ),( Ju Hyun Shim ),( Kang Mo Kim ),( Young-suk Lim ),( Han Chu Lee ),( Changhoon Yoo ),( Sook Ryun Park ),( Min-hee Ryu ),( Baek-yeol Ryoo ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Nivolumab showed durable response and safety in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the previous trials. However, real-world data of nivolumab in HCC patients, especially those with Child-Pugh class B, is lacking. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in a real- world cohort of patients with advanced HCC. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 203 patients with HCC who were treated with nivolumab between July 2017 to February 2019. Radiologic evaluation was based on mRECIST. Survival outcomes were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model. Logistic regression model was used to identify the predictive factors of treatment response. Results: Of 203 patients, 132 patients were within Child-Pugh class A and 71 patients were within Child-Pugh class B. Objective response rate was lower in patients with Child-Pugh class B than A (2.8% vs. 15.9%; P=0.010 by unweighted analysis and P=0.034 by weighted analysis) and Child-Pugh class was an independent predictor for objective response (Odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval; 0.05-0.93; P=0.040). Median overall survival was shorter in Child-Pugh B patients (11.3 vs. 42.9 weeks; P<0.001 by both unweighted and weighted analyses). However, other efficacy outcomes including disease control rate, time to progression, and progression-free survival were comparable between Child-Pugh A and B patients by unadjusted, adjusted, matched, and weighted analyses. There was no significant difference in terms of safety between Child-Pugh A and B patients. Conclusions: Given the limited treatment options for advanced HCC in Child-Pugh B patients, nivolumab may be a viable option despite lower response in these patients. Further studies are needed in this patient population.
Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes
Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Materials Vol.22 No.19
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Fully rollable transparent nanogenerators have been developed using chemical vapor deposition-grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO-nanorod arrays. The electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are suitable for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903815-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903815-content'> </P>
Choi, Jun Hee,Kim, Gil Ah,Park, Jong Heum,Song, Gwon Hwa,Park, Jun Won,Kim, Dae Yong,Lim, Jeong Mook Society for the Study of Reproduction [etc.] 2011 BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION Vol.85 No.4
<P>Primary follicles retrieved from B6CBAF1 prepubertal mice were cultured in a stepwise manner in an alpha-minimum essential medium-based medium to generate viable embryos and embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells. A significant increase in follicle growth and oocyte maturation accompanied by increased secretion of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone was achieved by exposing primary follicles to 100 or 200 mIU of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during culture. More oocytes developed into blastocysts following in vitro fertilization (IVF) or parthenogenetic activation after culture with 200 mIU of FSH during the entire culture period than with 100 mIU. Eleven ESC-like cell lines, consisting of four heterozygotic and seven homozygotic phenotypes, were established from 25 trials of primary follicle culture combined with IVF or parthenogenetic activation. In conclusion, primary follicles can potentially yield developmentally competent oocytes, which produce viable embryos and ESC-like cell lines following in vitro manipulation. We suggest a method to utilize immature follicles, which are most abundant in ovaries, to improve reproductive efficiency and for use in regenerative medicine.</P>