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Stratum corneum lipids and circulating lipids in atopic dermatitis
( Takashi Sakai ) 한국피부장벽학회 2022 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.24 No.2
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease, characterized by abnormal skin barrier function and type 2 inflammation. It is well known that stratum corneum (SC) lipids, including ceramides, play pivotal roles in the basis of the skin barrier. On the other hand, little is known about the circulating lipids in patients with AD, although circulating lipids work as biomarkers in several other disorders. In this lecture, I talk about (i) the possibility that SC ceramides could be biomarkers, indicating complete remission or potential flares in patients with AD, and (ii) the multiple circulating lipids in patients with AD are altered, and some of them are associated with the clinical status of AD. Until now, only SC lipids have been focused on AD. Evaluating SC lipids and circulating lipids in AD provides new insight into AD's pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
( Takashi Nonaka ),( Yusuke Sekino ),( Hiroshi Iida ),( Eiji Yamada ),( Hidenori Ohkubo ),( Eiji Sakai ),( Takuma Higurashi ),( Kunihiro Hosono ),( Hiroki Endo ),( Tomoko Koide ),( Hirokazu Takahashi 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.2
The gastrointestinal motility effects of endogenous incretin hormones enhanced by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors have not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether single pre-prandial sitagliptin, the DPP-IV inhibitor, administration might have an effect on the rate of liquid gastric emptying using the 13C-acetic acid breath test. Methods Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study. The subjects fasted for overnight and were randomly assigned to receive 50 mg sitagliptin 2 hours before ingestion of the liquid test meal (200 kcal per 200 mL, containing 100 mg 13C-acetate) or the test meal alone. Under both conditions, breath samples were collected for 150 minutes following the meal. Liquid gastric emptying was estimated by the values of the following parameters: the time required for 50% emptying of the labeled meal (T1/2), the analog to the scintigraphy lag time for 10% emptying of the labeled meal (Tlag), the gastric emptying coefficient and the regression-estimated constants (β and k), calculated by using the 13CO2 breath excretion curve using the conventional formulae. The parameters between the 2 test conditions were compared statistically. Results No significant differences in the calculated parameters, including T1/2, Tlag, gastric emptying coefficient or β and k, were observed between the 2 test conditions. Conclusions The present study revealed that single-dose sitagliptin intake had no significant influence on the rate of liquid gastric emptying in asymptomatic volunteers.
Iwahashi, Takashi,Ishiyama, Tatsuya,Sakai, Yasunari,Morita, Akihiro,Kim, Doseok,Ouchi, Yukio The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.38
<P>IR-visible sum-frequency generation (IV-SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to study the local layering order at the interface of 1-butanol-d<SUB>9</SUB> and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF<SUB>6</SUB>), a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). The presence of a local non-polar layer at the interface of the two polar liquids was successfully demonstrated. In the SFG spectra of 1-butanol-d<SUB>9</SUB>, we observed significant reduction and enhancement in the strength of the CD<SUB>3</SUB> symmetric stretching (<I>r</I><SUP>+</SUP>) mode and the antisymmetric stretching (<I>r</I><SUP>−</SUP>) mode peaks, respectively. The results can be well explained by the presence of an oppositely oriented quasi-bilayer structure of butanol molecules, where the bottom layer is strongly bound by hydrogen-bonding with the PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> anion. MD simulations reveal that the hydrogen-bonding of butanol with the PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> anion causes the preferential orientation of the butanols; the restriction on the rotational distribution of the terminal methyl group along their <I>C</I><SUB>3</SUB> axis enhances the <I>r</I><SUP>−</SUP> mode. As for the [bmim]<SUP>+</SUP> cations, the SFG spectra taken within the CH stretch region indicate that the butyl chain of [bmim]<SUP>+</SUP> points away from the bulk RTIL phase to the butanol phase at the interface. Combining the SFG spectroscopy and MD simulation results, we propose an interfacial model structure of layering, in which the butyl chains of the butanol molecules form a non-polar interfacial layer with the butyl chains of the [bmim]<SUP>+</SUP> cations at the interface.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>IV-SFG vibrational spectroscopy and MD simulation studies reveal a local polar/nonpolar layering structure at the interface of 1-butanol-d<SUB>9</SUB> and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF<SUB>6</SUB>). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cp03307a'> </P>