매립스가스의 이용 대안 : 기술, 실행과 비용에 대하여

( Jeffrey L. Pierce ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

매립가스는 지난 20년간 미국 및 다른 많은 국가에서 에너지원으로써 성공적으로 이용되었다. 매립가스 생산에 잘 입증된 적용가능한 기술은 다음과 같다 : 1) 전력(엔진, 연소 터빈, 증기 회전 전력 시설); 2) 대체 천연가스 또는 수입 액화천연가스 등의 고-Btu 가스(막, molecular sieve 및 액체 흡착); 3) 보일러 및 산업에 적용(단지 가벼운 매립가스 정화에 이용)되는 pipeline 질의 가스 대체용 중-Btu 가스. 전력 생산을 위한 신기술은 연료 세포와 미세터빈을 포함한다. 본 논문은 다음을 포함하여 위에 언급한 기술들에 대한 모든 개요를 제공하게 될 것이다 : 생산량; 효율; 대기 배출; 운전/유지관리 비용 Landfill gas has been successfully used as an energy resource in the United States and in many countries throughout the world for almost twenty years. Well proven technologies are available to produce: 1) electricity (engines, combustion turbines and steam cycle power plants); 2) high-Btu gas (membranes, molecular sieve and liquid absorption) to displace natural gas or imported liquified natural gas); and 3) medium-Btu gas as a substitute for pipeline quality gas in boiler and industrial applications (using only light landfill gas clean-up). Emerging technologies for electric power generation include fuel cells and microturbines. The paper will provide an overview of all of the above technologies including: description; output; efficiency; air emissions; and operation/maintenance cost.

사후종료 매립지의 상업적 개발에 관한 연구 : 사례연구와 기술적 이슈

( Jeffrey L. Pierce ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

사후종료 도시고형폐기물 매립지는 보호림과 다양한 레크레이션 부지 등의 수동적인 용도로 대부분 사용된다. 특히 작거나 오래 전에 매립 종료된 일부 매립지는 그냥 방치되어 있으나, 현재에는 매립부지의 사후이용에 높은 가치를 부여하고 있다. 몇몇 종료 매립지는 쇼핑센터, 주차장, 호텔, 자동차극장, 원형경기장, 자동차 판매대리점, 비행장으로 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 때때로 매립가스를 이용하기도 한다. 본 고에서는 사후종료 매립지에 적용된 8가지 상업상의 발달 프로젝트의 간략한 개요를 제시하였다. 20동의 빌딩(500만 평방피트) 주차장, 500만 평방피트의 쇼핑센터, 250개의 방을 보유한 호텔, 회의장, 서해안 Goodyear 소형연식비행기 이착륙장, 원형경기장, 트럭 판매대리점/수리시설 등이 포함된다. 재이용에 있어 높은 가치를 가지는 매립지의 특성을 요약하였다. The designated end uses for municipal solid waste landfills are most often relatively passive uses - including designation as conservation land and various recreational uses. Some landfills, particularly smaller and older closed landfills, are simply left vacant with no designated function. Some closed landfills, however, present significant opportunities for high-intensity, high-value end uses. A few closed landfills have been used to develop shopping malls, office parks, hotels, drive-in theaters, amphitheaters, auto dealerships and airfields. The opportunity sometimes exists to integrate landfill gas utilization into the end use development plan. The paper will present thumbnail sketches of eight commercial development projects located on closed landfills. The developments include a 20-building (5 million square feet) office park, a 5 million square foot shopping mall, a 250-room hotel and convention center, the West Coast Goodyear blimp landing field, an outdoor amphitheater, and a truck dealership/repair facility. Technical challenges to be addressed in building on landfill property include building protection from the hazard of methane explosion, landfill settlement, and leachate management. The paper will discuss the typical measures employed to overcome these problems. The attributes of landfills which make better candidates for high-intensity, high-value reuse will be summarized.

매립지 가스에서 자동차 연료로의 전환 : 현재 상황

( Jeffrey L. Pierce ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

매립지 가스를 응용한 것에는 자동차 연료의 생산이 있다. 매립지 가스는 CNG나 LNG를 생산하는 것에 이용된다. CNG나 LNG는 1)매립지에서 자동차(트럭, 땅을 고르는 장비, 경트럭, 자동차 등) 연료, 2)트럭을 이용하여 운반하지 않음(트레일러로의 전환), 3)일반적인 상업시장에 제공에 이용된다. 본 논문은 현존하는 CNG와 LNG의 계획 하에 현재 활용되는 기술을 논의한다. 본 논문은 1)기술, 2)이행, 3)LFG 제공 목적, 4)연료의 질, 5)경제성에 관해 논의한다. One of the more interesting potential uses for landfill gas (LFG) is the production of vehicle fuel. LFG can be used to produce compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG). CNG or LNG can be used to: 1) fuel vehicles at the landfill (water trucks, earthmoving equipment, light trucks, autos, etc.); 2) refuse hauling trucks (long haul refuse transfer trailers and route collection trucks); and 3) supply the general commercial market. The paper will review the technologies now being used in an existing CNG project and at several now under construction LNG projects. The paper will discuss: 1) technology; 2) performance; 3) LFG supply issues; 4) fuel quality issues; and 5) economics.

COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CLOSED LANDFILLS: CASE STUDIES AND TECHNICAL/REGULATORY ISSUES

( Jeffrey L. Pierce ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

The designated end uses for municipal solid waste landfills are most often relatively passive uses - including designation as conservation land and various recreational uses. Some landfills, particularly smaller and older closed landfills, are simply left vacant with no designated function. Some closed landfills, however, present significant opportunities for high-intensity, high-value end uses. A few closed landfills have been used to develop shopping malls, office parks, hotels, drive-in theaters, amphitheaters, auto dealerships and airfields. The opportunity sometimes exists to integrate landfill gas utilization into the end use development plan. The paper will present thumbnail sketches of eight commercial development projects located on closed landfills. The developments include a 20-building (5 million square feet) office park, a 5 million square foot shopping mall, a 250-room hotel and convention center, the West Coast Goodyear blimp landing field, an outdoor amphitheater, and a truck dealership/repair facility. Technical challenges to be addressed in building on landfill property include building protection from the hazard of methane explosion, landfill settlement, and leachate management. The paper will discuss the typical measures employed to overcome these problems. The attributes of landfills which make better candidates for high-intensity, high-value reuse will be summarized.

LANDFILL GAS UTILIZATION ALTERNATIVES: TECHNOLOGIES, PERFORMANCE AND COSTS

( Jeffrey L. Pierce ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

Landfill gas has been successfully used as an energy resource in the United States and in many countries throughout the world for almost twenty years. Well proven technologies are available to produce: 1) electricity (engines, combustion turbines and steam cycle power plants); 2) high-Btu gas (membranes, molecular sieve and liquid absorption) to displace natural gas or imported liquified natural gas); and 3) medium-Btu gas as a substitute for pipeline quality gas in boiler and industrial applications (using only light landfill gas clean-up). Emerging technologies for electric power generation include fuel cells and microturbines. The paper will provide an overview of all of the above technologies including: description; output; efficiency; air emissions; and operation/maintenance cost.

CONVERSION OF LANDFILL GAS TO VEHICLE FUEL: CURRENT STATUS

( Jeffrey L. Pierce ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

One of the more interesting potential uses for landfill gas (LFG) is the production of vehicle fuel. LFG can be used to produce compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG). CNG or LNG can be used to: 1) fuel vehicles at the landfill (water trucks, earthmoving equipment, light trucks, autos, etc.); 2) refuse hauling trucks (long haul refuse transfer trailers aid route collection trucks); and 3) supply the general commercial market. The paper will review the technologies now being used ill an existing CNG project and at several now under construction LNG projects. The paper will discuss: 1) technology; 2) performance; 3) LFG supply issues; 4) fuel quality issues; and 5) economics.