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Updated SSDP Scheme for DDoS Attack Defense
( Haiou Huang ),( Liang Hu ),( Jianfeng Chu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.9
Abusing the Simple Server Discovery Protocol (SSDP) can induce an SSDP attack (including SSDP DoS, DDoS, DRDoS) posing a significant threat to UPnP devices. Rapid and extensive developments in computer technology, especially in regards to IoT, have made Upnp devices an indispensable part of our daily lives - but also render them susceptible to a variety of SSDP attacks without suitable countermeasures. This paper proposes the Two-dimensional table scheme, which provides high security at a reasonable computational cost. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are also validated by comparison against four other schemes (Stateless connections, Failing-together, Cookie, and Client puzzle).
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한국과 중국의 노후소득보장제도의 비교연구 -한국의 국민연금제도와 중국의 양로보험제도를 중심으로-
HUANG HAIOU,이수진,허용훈 한국지방정부학회 2024 지방정부연구 Vol.27 No.4
The purpose of this study is to explore pension system reform proposals that can better cope with the aging society through comparative evaluation of the pension systems of the two countries. The most important problems of the Korea National Pension Service are as follows. The first is the long-term instability of the national pension system. According to the National Pension Service's Financial Estimation Committee(2018), the premium rate is expected to reach 30-40% if the national pension is operated under the pay-as-you-go system. Secondly, the national pension system, as Korea's core pension system, has a wide blind spot and is unable to properly respond to the reduction of poverty among the elderly. Third, it is pointed out that the national pension system is backward because, unlike the income tax system, all income groups pay the same insurance premiums at the same rate. Finally, the national pension has a strong redistribution function, but it is not suitable for Korea’s social and cultural environment, and its function is seriously distorted. In Korea, the income of self-employed people has not yet been accurately identified. Like Korea, China has made great efforts to reform the China’s old aged pension system so far. Looking specifically at the problems of China's old-age pension system, the first problem of the old-age pension system is that only 65% of the total population is covered by the old-age pension system. The second problem of old-age pension for urban and rural residents is that the old-age pension benefits level for urban and rural residents is "extremely" low. One reason for this is the low level of growth in individual accounts paid by the insured. The third problem is the financial problem. The biggest key is how to secure stable finances, and ensure the sustainability of pension system. Of course, this is not only a problem for China, but also for South Korea and other European countries. The fourth problem is delivery system in Old-age Pension System for urban and rural residents. The level of control over the old-age pension system is low, supervision is inadequate, and there is a discrepancy with reality. So far, the problems of Korea's national pension system and China's old-aged pension system have been compared and analyzed. As in Korea and China, fiscal sustainability must be further strengthened in order for the pension system to develop. To this end, it is desirable to accept the pension reform strategy recommended by the World Bank.
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Jie Bai,Liping Guo,Haiou Liang,Tong Xu,Chunping Li,Qingrun Meng,Huan Liu,Yarong Huang 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.12
Well-dispersed palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were prepared under the condition that trisodium citrate was the reduction agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was the stabilizing agent via sol-gel process. By making good use of the advanced electrospinning technology we obtained Pd NPs/PVP composite nanofibers films. Optical properties were examined by UV-visible absorbance spectra (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology and distribution of Pd NPs in/on PVP matrix were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM)and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that Pd NPs presented as spherical spots and distributed in/on PVP nanofibers uniformly; their diameter was 4-10 nm and decreased with the increase of PVP. The as-prepared Pd NPs/PVP hybrid mats possess catalytic activity, stability and reusability, as verified by performance in Heck reaction.
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