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Sebastien Boyer,Borin Peng,Senglong Pang,Véronique Chevalier,Veasna Duong,Christopher Gorman,Philippe Dussart,Didier Fontenille,Julien Cappelle 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the main causes of encephalitis in Asia, including Cambodia. An understanding of the interactions between JEV hosts and vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) remains rare in the context of expanding urbanization. The relative abundance, species diversity and population dynamics of potential JEV vectors were studied between August 2015 and July 2016 on a peri-urban and rural pig farm in Kandal province, Cambodia, where JEV is circulating. Five similar environments in the two farms were selected for mosquito trapping: pig farm, cattle house, river/canals, household/ponds and paddy fields. The main objective was to describe the distribution and the dynamics of the main JEV vector mosquito species. In total, 83,013 mosquitoes from 20 species were caught in rural and peri-urban areas, and 82.3% of the mosquitoes were potential JEV vector species. In peri-urban areas, Culex (Cx.) gelidus was the most abundant species, followed by Cx. vishnui subgroup and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. In rural areas, the same species were dominant: Cx. vishnui subgroup, Cx. gelidus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The vast majority of mosquitoes (95.9%) were collected in close proximity to pigs and cattle. In conclusion, JEV vectors were present at all study sites and throughout all months of the year, supporting a continuous circulation of JEV in Cambodia.
ITER TBM Program and associated system engineering
Giancarli, Luciano M.,Ahn, Mu-Young,Bonnett, Ian,Boyer, Christophe,Chaudhuri, Paritosh,Davis, William,Dell’Orco, Giovanni,Iseli, Markus,Michling, Robert,Neviere, Jean-Christophe,Pascal, Romain,Poitevi Elsevier 2018 Fusion engineering and design Vol.136 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Six Test Blanket Systems (TBS) will be installed and operated in ITER in the framework of the ITER Test Blanket Module (TBM) Program. After a short description of each TBS and of the main operating parameters, this paper gives the main features of the various TBSs sub-systems, in particular, the cooling systems (helium, water and/or lithium-lead), the tritium system for extracting the tritium from the breeder, the coolant purification system, the tritium accountancy system, and several instrumentation & control systems. This paper addresses also the main services that are needed to operate a TBS such as the secondary water cooling system, the chilled water system to cool the helium circulators, the liquid and gaseous nitrogen used in the tritium extraction process, the compressed air needed to operate the various valves present on the circuits, and the electrical power supply for all the active electrical components such as pumps, circulators and heaters. Other important aspects are the required interfaces with other ITER plant systems such as those involving air and process gas detritiation, power supply, radiological and environmental monitoring, remote handling, measurements, and services.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The ITER TBM Program plans to test DEMO-relevant tritium breeding blanket systems. </LI> <LI> Each TBS is formed by various sub-systems with different functions and technologies. </LI> <LI> For each TBS sub-system, description of its functions and its main components. </LI> <LI> Identification of the ITER services required for operating each TBS sub-system. </LI> <LI> Helium and water coolant systems, tritium extraction systems, Pb-16Li systems, I&C. </LI> </UL> </P>