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Usman, A.R.A.,Almaroai, Yaser.A.,Ahmad, M.,Vithanage, M.,Ok, Y.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2013 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.262 No.-
Chelating agents added to contaminated soils may increase solubility and phytoextraction efficiency of soil metals. However, they can create negative effects on soil biological quality. A 90-day incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate mixed effects of chelating agents and poultry manure on changes in available Cd, Pb and As, CO<SUB>2</SUB>-C efflux, microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C (DOC), and N mineralization in metal-polluted agricultural soil. Application of poultry manure resulted in a considerable increase in soil pH, DOC, CO<SUB>2</SUB>-C efflux, net N mineralization, net N nitrification, and microbial biomass C compared to those in unmanured soil. Availability of arsenic increased twice in manure amended soil due to changes in pH and DOC. However, adding poultry manure did not affect the concentrations of available Pb and Cd compared to those in control soil. Chelating agents increased CO<SUB>2</SUB>-C efflux, DOC, and metal availability but decreased microbial biomass C and net N mineralization. Maximum decrease in microbial biomass C, net N mineralization, and net N nitrification, was observed in EDTA applied soil possibly due to high metal availability to soil microorganisms. Overall results revealed that the application of synthetic chelators in combination with poultry manure enhances available As and demonstrates better environment for soil biota.
Fine structure of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance inSi28andAl27
Usman, I. T.,Buthelezi, Z.,Carter, J.,Cooper, G. R. J.,Fearick, R. W.,Fö,rtsch, S. V.,Fujita, H.,Fujita, Y.,von Neumann-Cosel, P.,Neveling, R.,Papakonstantinou, P.,Pysmenetska, I.,Richter, A.,Roth American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review C Vol.94 No.2
<P>The isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance in Si-28 and Al-27 has been investigated with high-energy-resolution proton inelastic scattering at E-p = 200 MeV and at scattering angles close to the maximum of Delta L = 2 angular distributions with the K600 magnetic spectrometer of iThemba LABS, South Africa. Characteristic scales are extracted from the observed fine structure with a wavelet analysis and compared for Si-28 with random-phase approximation and second random phase approximation calculations with an interaction derived from the Argonne V18 potential by a unitary transformation. A recent extension of the method to deformed nuclei provides the best description of the data, suggesting the significance of Landau damping.</P>
Awad, Y.M.,Lee, S.E.,Ahmed, M.B.M.,Vu, N.T.,Farooq, M.,Kim, I.S.,Kim, H.S.,Vithanage, M.,Usman, A.R.A.,Al-Wabel, M.,Meers, E.,Kwon, E.E.,Ok, Y.S. Butterworth-Heinemann, Ltd 2017 Journal of cleaner production Vol.156 No.-
A hydroponics system developed using a nutrient film technique was used to evaluate the effectiveness of rice husk biochar (RB) alone or in combination with perlite (PL) as substrates for increasing the growth of leafy vegetables compared with that of PL. Seedlings of cabbage, dill, mallow, red lettuce, and tatsoi were grown hydroponically in PL, RB, and PL + RB (1:1 ratio of PL to RB, v/v) substrates for a 30-d under optimal environmental conditions in a greenhouse. Shoot length and fresh/dry masses of cabbage, dill, and red lettuce plants grown in RB substrate were decreased by 49% on average compared to those plants grown in PL substrate. In contrast, PL + RB substrate led to approximately 2-fold increases in shoot length, number of leaves, and fresh/dry masses of leafy vegetable plants compared with those grown in PL substrate. Foliar nutritional composition (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Fe, and Zn) and nitrogen status (SPAD index) of plants grown in PL + RB and PL substrates suggested the presence of optimal growth conditions for ensuring optimum yield with high quality. In addition, RB substrate contributed to respective increases of 1.2-3.5-fold in leaf K, Mg, Mn, and Zn contents in most vegetable plants compared with those grown in PL substrate. The RB alone or in combination with PL substrates decreased algal growth in the nutrient solutions as confirmed by scanning electron micrographs of microalgae on the RB surface. The results also indicated that use of PL + RB hydroponic substrate could be an alternative and effective technology for the better management of unwanted algal growth in nutrient solutions and high production of leafy vegetables.
( S. Lee ),( A. R. A. Usman ),( S. A. M. Abd El-azeem ),( Y. M. Awad ),( M. Kim ),( K. Ham ),( J. Lim ),( J. E. Yang ),( S. S. Lee ),( Y. S. Ok ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2011 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.23 No.1
Contamination of the soil with Cr, Cu and As has become a worldwide environmental problem as a consequence of the use of chromated copper, arsenate (CCA) treated wood. This study was conducted (i) to determine the total concentrations of Cr, Cu and As in soil samples collected from contaminated sites, (ii) to identify native plant species grown on contaminated sites for phytoremediation, and (iii) to estimate the risk of adverse effects on human health. Wood and soil samples as well as four native plant species (Viola mandshurica, Cyndon dactylon, Setaria viridis and Acalypha australis) were collected from three contaminated sites with Cr, Cu and As in Gangwon Province, Korea. Our results found that the metal concentrations of these soil sampling sites were higher than their background levels of 45.32, 30.22 and 7.0 mg/kg for Cr, Cu and As, respectively, indicating the adverse effects on human health. None of the four plant species showed metal concentrations>1000 mg/kg in their shoots and were not served as hyperaccumulators. Nevertheless, the screened plant species might be suitable for phytoextraction or phytostabilization. We conclude that the development of environmentally friendly technology for remediating heavy metal contaminated soils is needed to ensure human safety or agricultural purposes.
Sung-Eun Lee,Mahtab Ahmad,Adel A. R. A. Usman,Yasser M. Awad,Sun-Hong Min,Jae E Yang,Sang Soo Lee,Yong Sik Ok 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.1
Heavy metal remediation in shooting range soil is a challenge over the world. The excessive Pb accumulation in the soil can deteriorate soil quality and fertility. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency of biochar (BC) in improving the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil and to evaluate its effect on Pb availability in a military shooting range soil. Sandy loam soil was collected from shooting range of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea and was incubated for 30 days with different application rates (0-30% w w<SUP>-1</SUP>) of BC. The results showed that the addition of BC increased aggregate stability, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and enzyme activities in soil. Sequential extraction showed that residual and organic bound fractions in the soil amended with BC increased by 33.1 and 16.7%, respectively, and the exchangeable fraction decreased by 93.7% in the soil amended with BC, compared to the unamended soil. We concluded that the application of BC could not only improve physicochemical and biological soil qualities but also stabilize Pb in a shooting range soil.
Lee, Sung-Eun,Ahmad, Mahtab,Usman, Adel A.R.A.,Awad, Yasser M.,Min, Sun-Hong,Yang, Jae-E,Lee, Sang-Soo,Ok, Yong-Sik Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.1
Heavy metal remediation in shooting range soil is a challenge over the world. The excessive Pb accumulation in the soil can deteriorate soil quality and fertility. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency of biochar (BC) in improving the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil and to evaluate its effect on Pb availability in a military shooting range soil. Sandy loam soil was collected from shooting range of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea and was incubated for 30 days with different application rates (0-30% w $w^{-1}$) of BC. The results showed that the addition of BC increased aggregate stability, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and enzyme activities in soil. Sequential extraction showed that residual and organic bound fractions in the soil amended with BC increased by 33.1 and 16.7%, respectively, and the exchangeable fraction decreased by 93.7% in the soil amended with BC, compared to the unamended soil. We concluded that the application of BC could not only improve physicochemical and biological soil qualities but also stabilize Pb in a shooting range soil.
Vithanage, Meththika,Bandara, Tharanga,Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.,Abduljabbar, Adel,Usman, Adel R. A.,Ahmad, Mahtab,Ok, Yong Sik Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Communications in soil science and plant analysis Vol.49 No.5
<P>Woody biochars derived by pyrolyzing Gliricidia sepium at 300 degrees C and 500 degrees C and a waste byproduct of same biomass from a bioenergy industry (BC700) were tested for their effect on soil enzymes activities and available form of heavy metals in multi-metals contaminated soil. Pot experiments were conducted during 6 weeks with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) at biochar application rates, 1, 2.5, and 5% (w/w). A reduction in polyphenol oxidase with biochars produced at increasing pyrolysis temperature compared to the control whereas the maximum activity of dehydrogenase and catalase was observed in 1% BC500 and 2.5% BC300, respectively. Soil available form of Ni, Mn, and Cr were reduced by 55, 70% and 80% in 5% BC700 amended soil, respectively. The highest geometric mean of enzyme activities was observed in 2.5% BC300 treatment. Overall the application of high dosages of high temperature derived biochar masks/deteriorates soil enzyme activities but immobilizes bioavailable heavy metals and reduces toxicity.</P>