جماليات الوقف في خطاب النقد العربي

ع,ب,د,ا,ل,ك,ر,ي,م,أ,س,ع,د,ق,ح,ط,ا,ن,(Qahtan, Abdulkareem Asaad) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2020 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.24 No.2

وجدنا أنه في مستوى خطاب النقد العربي كانت المعالجات النقدية - في طابعها العام - إمّا قاصرة في ذاتها ،أي أنّها لم تبن على أسس سليمة علمية أو فنيّة وإمّا جزئية، أي محصورة في معالجة وقائع التعارض بمستوى نمط شعري معين أو بمستوى شاعر معين أو بما هو أقلّ من ذلك. مع أنّ بعضها لا يفسّر الواقعة الملاحظة بقدر ما يملي عليها تصوّره النقدي، وهنالك فرق شاسع بين أن نعرض الواقع وأن نعرض طموحنا في ما ينبغي أن يكون عليه الواقع. أمّا في مستوى الخطاب الشعري- وكما وجدنا في الجزء الأول من الدراسة- فإنّ التعارض في الوقف مثل سمة جوهرية من سمات الخطاب الشعري العربي، وهي سمة تطورت مع تطوره على المسار الزمني والفني. This research paper consists of an introduction, a preface, an outline of the modern and old Arabic discourse criticism as well as modern foreign criticism and a conclusion. The introduction presented the aim of the research and the significance of the topic and its importance in the modern critical studies compared with previous studies in the discipline. The preface reviewed the research methodology used in the analysis and inference. In the analysis, the research paper showed that the old Arabic criticism concerned with the external inclusion of poetic line and it was not considered or proved as an aesthetic. The modern Arabic criticism came influenced by modern international criticism. However, this contraction didn’t include contraction that is achieved by verbosity level i.e. the internal structure of poetic line, then it was lost in the justifications that make contradiction deserves that. The aim of the research paper is to present the shortcomings of previous studies.

ةيبرعلا ةغلل تيوصلا ءانبلا في ماغدلإاو في&#

Abd al-Karim Asad Qahtan(ن,ا,ط,ح,ق,د,ع,س,أ, ي,م,ر,ك,ل,ا, د,ب,ع,.د,.أ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2017 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.21 No.4

Assimilation and Reduplication in the Structure of Arabic Language This paper contains an introduction, which defines both assimilation and reduplication, moreover, it highlights the different opinions of the ancient and contemporary scholars who tackled this phenomenon and their limitations, and then, it highlights the aim of this paper. The aim is to prove that both assimilation and reduplication are two conditions that actually do exist in the structure of Arabic language. When they agree in some of their Syntagmatic conditions, each would have a different nature, function and standard of perception. This paper also contains a preface that explains the relationship between assimilation and reduplication to structure of the Arabic phoneme differentiated mainly by the volume of stress, in addition to highlighting the authenticity of stress and its volume in Arabic language. In the body of this paper, the researcher presents both assimilation and reduplication according to his understanding accompanied by the opinions of both ancient and modern linguists and their limitations. Then, it tackles the function of both assimilation and reduplication in the structure of speech within the requirements of the semantic and linguistic context. This paper arrived at the conclusion that the phonetic and phonological cases tackled by ancient Arab linguists under the category of assimilation, are not actually assimilation, but reduplication to the same sound through its point of articulation with two different methods, in two consecutive points in speech chain, with two different functions, within two different but consecutive syllables and in two different values. It became clear that reduplication is a result of either assimilation, a separate reduplication or according to the origin of its derivational position. In all of these cases, it stipulates that its first syllable must be stressed. Moreover, it has become clear that assimilation leads to reduplication but it is not reduplication itself. When they both stipulate stress, they differ in its concept, function and the standard of perception. Assimilation, as it refers to the linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to anther adjacent sound, occurs at the process of replacing a certain sound with a similar one adjacent to it in the place of articulation. This takes place before articulation itself as a process, but during articulation, reduplication takes place, which means the repetition of a certain sound in its place of articulation in two different methods and in two consecutive positions in the phonological chain. If we related the sound to its function within the unity of the syllable movement, we would say that: assimilation is the process of overlapping the sound of the most stressed syllable with another sound of a similar place of articulation whether the assimilated sound is present in the first margin of the next syllable in speech or outside speech itself as in dissimilation (Iqlab), while reduplication is the repetition of the sound of the most stressed syllable at the beginning of the margin of the next syllable in speech. Consequently, assimilation can only be recognized mentally, that is… through analogy and comparison while reduplication can be recognized through speaking and listening. The function of assimilation does not exceed facilitating the process of speaking while the function of reduplication varies to include enabling language to add more additional meanings, compensating for assimilation, enabling the root to adapt for the conditions of semantic extension through conjugation and derivation.

A Comparative Study of the Resistance Components in War Novels: Based on Novels from the Wars of Iran, Vietnam, Ireland, Palestine, and World War II

Somayeh Aghajani Kalkhoran(ن,ا,ر,و,خ,ل,ک,ی,ن,ا,ج,ا,ق,آ,ه,ی,م,س,) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2019 중동문제연구 Vol.18 No.3

The present study was conducted to answer this question: How the representation of resistance literature in Iranian and non-Iranian novels is and whether there are similarities or differences in these representations in the novels. There are so many books that have been published in this area. In this article, eight novels from several wars have been selected: (1) Hidden Crescent by Ali Asghar Shirzadi about Iran-Iraq War; (2) Resurrection Machine Chess by Habib Ahmadzadeh about Iran-Iraq War; (3) Umm Saʻd by Ghassan Kanafani about the Palestinian struggles; (4) London, July 13 by Käthe Recheis on the Republican Irish Army’s struggles; (5) Bao Nine’s Sorrow of War about the Vietnam war; three World War II novels, (6) Far from Homeland by Imaran Kasumcf, (7) Rose Francis by Jean Lafitte, and (8) Angel Became Silence by Heinrich Theodor Böll. In this study, at first the resistance components were first extracted and reviewed in eight novels, and then the components that were common to most of these novels were reviewed and adapted as resistance components. The results show that the representation of resistance has the highest frequency in the novels of Umm Saʻd, Rose Francis, Far from Homeland and then in Iranian and Palestinian novels. Additionally, the presence of women is also very high in the afore-mentioned three novels and Sorrow of War. This presence is also very visible in the stories of Rose Francis and Umm Saʻd.

Functional expression in the curriculum of teaching Arabic to speakers of other languages at the University of Jordan

ب,س,م,ة,أ,ح,م,د,ص,د,ق,ي,ا,ل,د,ج,ا,ن,ي,. ه,ب,ة,م,ح,م,و,د,ش,&# 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2016 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.20 No.3

This study aims to detect the opinion of Arabic learners – as a second language- on the importance of functional expression and their opinion on the role of the curriculum of the University of Jordan in this subject. It also aims to analyze the content of the curriculum of teaching Arabic to speakers of other languages, to recognize the exercises and its role in increasing the ability to learn functional expression in writing and orally, to identify how the lessons of the functional expression were selected in this curriculum, to identify the method through which learners can recruit what they learn in their career, and finally to detect the mistakes that Arabic learners as a second language can slip into in their expressive writing.