Lucretia Mott: Theology is reform's foundation

Eppinger, Priscilla Elaine Northwestern University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

In “Lucretia Mott: Theology is Reform's Foundation” I articulate the theology of Lucretia Coffin Mott, a nineteenth-century Quaker preacher who was one of the leaders in the abolitionist movement, and a founder of the woman's rights movement in the U.S. Although she has been studied as a leading nineteenth-century reformer, her religious commitment has not previously been examined as essential to her activity. By analyzing Mott's sermons, speeches, and letters I have discerned a remarkably coherent system of thought. Although she had much in common with other nineteenth-century liberal thinkers, Mott's intellectual analysis pushed some Christian tenets further than others were willing to go. In this dissertation I will show that Mott's theology was the essential foundation to her work and life as a reformer. I will offer evidence that she subverted dominant and limiting ideologies by using them for her own liberating purposes. Finally, I will articulate Mott's theology and show how her belief system inhered in her reform work. The Quaker hermeneutic taught Mott to read the justice and righteousness called for by ancient Hebrew prophets as eternal divine imperatives. She constructed a present-oriented eschatological vision which, overlaid onto the apparent reality of her historical moment, made obvious that the dominant social order did not resemble God's intent for creation. Her participatory christology required personal involvement to bring reality into alignment with the eschatological plumb line. Mott believed that “theology” as a speculative activity was a waste of time; what mattered was the way that one lived. Mott's theology (as I believe is all theology) was contextual and dialectical; the events of her life and world influenced how she interpreted her sources of religious authority. Mott's theology, in turn, determined her orientation toward the world, molded her worldview, and was the basis for her outspokenness in reform movements throughout the nineteenth century. Lucretia Mott's theology is important as it offers us her reason for engaging in her prodigious public and political work. It is equally important as an example for historians to consider as they study movers and shakers of any time or place. Finally, Mott may be considered a prototype feminist theologian: consciously contextual, she challenged hegemony and patriarchy in their many guises, and used her place of privilege to speak out on behalf of oppressed and silenced peoples.

Community (trans) formation: The community metaphor in the pastoral theology of Charles Gerkin

Peil, Gary Wayne Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Charles Gerkin is the Franklin N. Parker Professor of Pastoral Theology, Emeritus, at Candler School of Theology in Atlanta, Georgia. Gerkin has been a pioneering voice in the field of pastoral theology both as a clinical pastoral education supervisor and as a professor. The thesis of this dissertation is that the metaphor of community is the lynchpin of Gerkin's pastoral theology. The formation and transformation of community is a caring act. Therefore, Gerkin's use of the community metaphor is an important development in reclaiming the congregation as the primary context for pastoral care. The primary sources used in this project were Gerkin's published books, journal articles, essays, and book reviews. In addition to these primary sources, personal interviews were conducted with Dr. Gerkin. Chapter one examines the shaping forces in the life and thought of Charles Gerkin. His background, as the son of a Methodist minister, laid the foundation for his understanding of community and pastoral care. Chapter two will focus on the transition in Gerkin's life from a focus on chaplain ministry to his emphasis on pastoral theology. Chapter three will analyze Gerkin's understanding of the community of faith as the provider for ministry. Primary attention will be given to the distinction that Gerkin makes between the church as centrifugal community vs. the church as centripetal community. Chapter four will present Gerkin's hermeneutic project and examine the ways in which language and narrative impact and form community. Chapter five will focus on the ethical dimension of Gerkin's pastoral theology. Gerkin's pastoral theology calls for the community of the church to impact the surrounding culture. Chapter six revolves around challenges to community that are presented by different stages in the life cycle, and appropriate care responses in the context of the congregation. Chapter seven analyzes the major contributions of Charles Gerkin's use of the community metaphor to the field of pastoral theology. The study concludes that Gerkin's use of the community metaphor has made a significant contribution to the field of pastoral theology and offers a helpful theoretical basis for anchoring pastoral care in the context of the congregation.

신학 전공 학문 목적 한국어 교육과정 개발을 위한 요구 분석

김미선 연세대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

본 연구는 신학을 전공하는 외국인 유학생들을 대상으로 과제 단위 요구 분석을 진행하여 신학 전공 학문 목적 한국어 교육의 기초 연구 및 자료로 삼는 데 그 의의가 있다. 먼저 1장에서는 연구의 목적 및 필요성을 정리하고 선행 연구들을 살펴보았다. 점점 증가하는 한국어 학습자 규모와 학습자의 다양한 학습 목적에 맞게 전공별 연구가 선행되어야 함을 언급하였고 신학 전공자들을 위한 한국어 교육과정 개발의 필요성을 제시하였다. 그 후 학문 목적 한국어 교육의 연구 동향을 연도별, 주제별로 살펴보고 학문 목적 한국어 교육에서 요구 분석의 연구와 신학 전공 유학생을 위한 선행 연구들을 살펴보았다. 2장에서는 본격적인 연구에 앞서 이론적 배경을 정리하였다. 언어 교육에서 요구분석이 등장하게 된 배경과 ESP 개발의 역사를 통해 요구 분석의 개념과 방법을 살펴보고 본 연구에 적용하였다. 또한 언어 교육의 선행 연구로부터 ‘과제(task)’에 대한 정의를 명확히 하고 신학 전공 유학생의 과제를 도출하였다. 3장과 4장에서는 연구 대상과 방법 및 절차를 소개하고 연구 결과를 해석하였다. 신학대학교에서 신학을 공부하는 30명의 학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였으며 4명의 학생들을 대상으로 후속 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 또한 신학 전공 한국인 교수와 신학 대학교에서 한국어 수업을 가르치는 교사를 대상으로 각각 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 설문지는 학습자에게 총 다섯 가지의 항목을 묻는 것으로 설계되었고 그중 네 번째 학업 과제 부분에서는 학습자가 느끼는 신학 전공 학업 과제의 중요성과 어려움을 리커트 척도로 측정하였다. 연구 결과 신학 전공 외국인 학습자들은 교회 생활하기, 강의 수강하기, 시험 보기, 세미나 및 토론 참여하기, 보고서 쓰기, 참고자료 수집하기, 발표하기 순으로 중요하게 생각하며 보고서 쓰기, 시험 보기, 발표하기, 강의 수강하기, 세미나 및 토론 참여하기, 참고자료 수집하기, 교회 생활하기 순으로 어렵게 인식하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이 중 교회 생활하기는 중요성과 어려움의 차이가 가장 크게 나타났으며 이를 통해 응답자들은 교회 생활을 가장 중요하게 생각하지만 크게 어렵지 않게 느낌을 알 수 있었다. 또한 각 과제마다 중요하게 생각하는 세부 과제에서 그 연관성을 알 수 있었는데 응답자들은 성경 읽고 이해하기, 성경을 해석 후 적용하기, 설교문 작성하기, 설교하기 등 실제적인 목회 활동에 지속적으로 도움이 되는 과제를 중요하게 생각하고 있었다. 또한 후속 인터뷰를 통해서는 한국의 문화, 특히 교회 문화에 대한 요구와 필요를 확인하였다. 따라서 신학 전공 유학생들을 위한 교수요목에는 이러한 내용들이 반영되어 설계되어야 할 것이다. 이상으로 본 연구는 신학 전공 학문 목적 한국어 교육과정 개발을 위한 기초 단계인 요구 분석을 진행하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 본 연구가 앞으로 신학 전공자들을 위한 교수요목 설계 및 교육과정 개발의 기초 자료로 활용되어 보다 실제적인 자료 구축과 함께 교재 개발 연구까지 확대되리라 기대하는 바이다. This study used a task-based needs analysis on foreign students majoring in Theology to be used as the basic study and data to develop curriculum on Korean language education for theology majors. In Chapter 1 outlines the purpose and the need for this study, followed by the previous studies. The continuously growing number of Korean language learners and the need for pre-emptive studies on each major with the varied educational purposes of the learners were mentioned, along with studies for developing a curriculum on Korean language education for Theology majors. After that, the status of the studies on academic-purpose Korean language education was examined with the year and topic, within the context of academic-purpose Korean language education, and reviewed studies on the needs analysis as well as preceding studies on foreign students majoring in Theology. Chapter 2 presents the theoretical background of this study. By examining the background of the emergence of needs analysis in language education and the history of ESP development, the concept and method of the needs analysis were analyzed and applied. Also, the definition of ‘task’ in the preceding studies on language education was clarified, and the tasks of foreign students majoring in Theology were presented. In Chapters 3 and 4, introduce the study subject, method and process, followed by the analysis of the study result. A total of 30 students studying Theology at a theological university were the survey subjects, and 4 students participated in the follow-up interview. In addition, interviews were conducted on Korean professors of Theology major and the teachers of Korean language courses at the theological university. The survey has 5 questionnaire sections for the students, and in the fourth section on study tasks, Likert scale measured the importance of and difficulty of the task Theology students felt. The study results showed that the foreign students majoring in Theology placed the highest importance on church activity, followed by listening to lectures, taking tests, participating in seminars/debates, writing reports, collecting reference data, and making presentations. However, the students felt the highest degree of difficulty in writing reports, followed by taking tests, making presentations, participating in seminars/debates, collecting reference data and church activity. Among the tasks, church activity showed the biggest difference in its degree of importance and difficulty, meaning that the respondents felt the highest importance for church activity but did not find it difficult. Moreover, for the each detailed tasks deemed important, the respondents placed importance on detailed tasks that were continuously helpful for their pastoral activities such as reading and understanding the Bible, analyzing and applying the Bible, writing sermons and delivering sermons. Through the follow-up interview, the request and need for learning Korean culture, and especially church culture, were identified. Thus, such details should be reflected and devised in the syllabus for foreign students majoring in Theology. This study is significant due to the needs analysis, which is the basic step for developing a curriculum on academic-purpose Korean language education for Theology majors. This study should serve as the basic data for developing the syllabus and curriculum for students majoring in Theology, which should lead to the accumulation of more practical data and the expansion of studies on textbook development.

PREACJOMG AS A "THEOLOGICAL ACT" : A THEOLOGY OF CONFESSION AND ENCOUNTER BASED ON MINJUNG AND TOCHAKWHA THEOLOGIES

조일구 School of Theology at Claremont 1995 해외박사

This project is an attempt to provide an appropriate theology of preaching in the Korean context. Since the radical theological movements of the 1960s such as secular theology and death-of-God theology, many new theologies have emerged. However, none of these newly emerging theologies are sufficient or proper contextual theologies for Korea. This means that an appropriate contextual theology for Korea must be the result of direct expressions and experiences of the Korean peoples' suffering, exploitation, oppression, and alienation. Thus, Kobaik kwa Mannam eui Shinhak (KM theology: the theology of confession and encounter) is suggested as an alternative theology for Korea. This theology is a vindication of not only the socio-political but also the religious-cultural dimensions of the people of Korea. KM theology is in fact an integration and supplementation of two Korean frontier theologies: Minjung and Tochakwha theologies. The theology shares the concerns of the socio-political dimension with Minjung theology and. is also concerned with communicative skills based on both Eastern and Western theology and culture. KM theology does theology based on praxis. The theology can be a possible alternative way of doing theology because it considers the Korean contextual situation in terms of an awareness of socio-political, scientific and multireligious approaches. As a paradigm of a theology of preaching, KM theology will result in contextual preaching. The preachers are also expected to pay attention to the Korean social and cultural context as working theologians. The preacher is not to be a spectator but a direct participant in the issues of the Korean context. Therefore, they "weep, confess, arid resist" with the community and people in terms of having solidarity against the issues of historical and contextual evil.

Preaching and theology in light of theological education: The early history of a troubled marriage or what went wrong how

Stricklen, Teresa Lockhart Vanderbilt University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

The preaching of Christianity was its early theology until the rise of the university in the twelfth century. With the formation of the university, which was based upon the ancient liberal arts tradition, the marriage of the church's preaching and theology was torn asunder. Christian theology became a <italic>scientia</italic>, a discipline for study, while preaching continued its two traditions of (1) educated sermons and (2) folk preaching. Assumed as part of Christian life, preaching did not become a subject for study in the same way that theology did in the university environment, which resulted in the current denigration of homiletics in theological education to the detriment of the preaching of the church. This dissertation traces the history of the relationship between preaching and theology in light of the issues that come attached with education and increasing the knowledge of God, issues that have been subtly at work in various ways over time to lead to an estrangement of the preaching of the church and academic theology. This work examines the interplay of the following factors through time that separated preaching and theology—theological method, homiletic theory, settings of theological education, the liberal arts tradition, social histories, figural and conceptual language, orality and textuality, hermeneutics, philosophy, rhetoric, ecclesial history, pedagogy, and worship—demonstrating that theological education is an overlooked factor that has powerfully, but almost invisibly, influenced the development of homiletic theory and theological method to the detriment of the relationship between preaching and academic theology, which, in turn, has negatively affected the gospel preached from the pulpit. After examining how the current problems that we have in theological education evolved over time, this work also draws upon the work of Edward Farley to suggest ways to restore theologial unity in <italic>theological </italic> education in order to improve the relationship between theology and homiletics in academia, which will ultimately improve the preaching of the church for the glory of God in Christ.

Classical Trinitarian Theology and the Idolatry of Nationalism: The Doctrine of the Trinity as a Critique of Political Theology

Akerman, Shane The Claremont Graduate University ProQuest Dissert 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation proposes that the doctrine of the Trinity, in the field of political theology today, should be taken as a critique of the idolatry of nationalism and should point us toward a new theological politics that is informed by the proper worship of the triune God, especially in the Church’s sacred liturgy.Existing proposals regarding the relation between trinitarian and political theology can be sorted into two basic camps, separated by alternative understandings of the meaning of political theology as primarily either descriptive or prescriptive. Representative of the descriptive sort is Agamben’s genealogical analysis of the link between trinitarian oikonomia and modern bureaucracy and democracy; representative of the prescriptive sort is the correlation between perichoresis and egalitarian, participatory democracy described by social trinitarians. What these proposals treat, however, is not the doctrine of the Trinity in its traditional form, but a secularized or otherwise politicized version of the doctrine. In other words, they offer an account of trinitarian theology as determined by political theology, rather than an account of political theology as determined by trinitarian theology. Both proposals rush to link theology to politics, circumventing necessary mediations. Thus, their theological analysis suffers from thin conceptions of trinitarian theology, and their political analysis is left only to advocate for vague political values.I argue that the task of political theology involves a “comparative phenomenology.” Theology is operative not just in a political concept’s history, but in its ongoing application. That is, modern political concepts are not merely derivative of older theological concepts, but remain deeply theological in themselves. Following also the methodology articulated by Clodovis Boff one must also say that political theology guides Christian political praxis in the light of Christian theology, serving as a mediating theory between theology proper and political praxis.In light of this task, political theology is to be seen as residing at the intersection of two essential moments, which Boff describes as hermeneutic and socio-analytic mediations. This dissertation proceeds along this route: First I offer a “hermeneutic mediation,” by which the doctrine of the Trinity is articulated clearly in historical and dogmatic context. Second, I offer a “socio-analytic mediation,” in which I determine that the “new nationalism” growing around the world in this early part of the twenty-first century is a determinative feature of contemporary politics. Trinitarian theology, therefore, must be brought to speak to this global resurgence of nationalism.I argue that while theology is a discourse about the highest good, which is God, every political community must itself be oriented toward a good. Thus every theology implies a politics, and every politics contains a theology. The nation, therefore, functions as a “god” in the public theology of the nation-state, just as the Trinity is a description of the particular identity of the Christian God, and a summary of the Christian proclamation. Trinitarian theology thus stands in distinction to the implicit theology of the nation-state. Political theology, in light of the doctrine of the Trinity, offers a critique of the nation-state as idolatrous and necessitates the creation of alternative political practices, shaped by the pedagogy of the Church, and oriented toward God as their highest end.Because the doctrine of the Trinity articulates a particular vision of God as the highest good, and because it summarizes the whole Christian metanarrative, it itself conditions the creation of a new community—the Church—which lives according to this narrative and worships this God as its highest good. The doctrine of the Trinity therefore conditions all Christian politics. It is political in that it points toward a decidedly Christian politics.Both the Church and the nation-state operate according to distinct theologies. While Christians are obliged to seek the welfare of the state in which they find themselves through cooperation with other non-Christians, the doctrine of the Trinity reminds the Church of her charge to also be distinct. A trinitarian political theology must be a distinctly Christian political theology, because the doctrine of the Trinity is not subject to any process of secularization. Following the lead of Erik Peterson, I argue that the Church is truly public (offentlich), and manifests her truly political nature, in the celebration of the liturgy.The Mass is the act of sacrifice that creates a new community of transnational solidarity, the Church. And the Mass is trinitarian at its core because it is truly the sacrifice of the Son, offered truly to the Father, by the power and in the unity of the Holy Spirit. In contrast to the nation-state, whose sacrificial violence reinstantiates the borders, the sacrifice of Christ, “tears down the wall of separation,” and makes one Body of all nations.

The importance of church discipline within Balthazar Hubmaier's theology

Goncharenko, Simon Victor Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation will argue that the doctrine of church discipline is of profound import to the theology of Balthasar Hubmaier, particularly in the areas of anthropology, soteriology, and ecclesiology. Hubmaier's church discipline not only intersected each of the aforementioned areas of his theology, it provided a connection between theory and praxis, as well as safeguarded the work of grace in relation to the parts of the reformer's theology that may have sounded "works-oriented.". Chapter 1 provides an historic introduction to the context of the Radical Reformation in general, and the world of Balthasar Hubmaier in particular. As no theology is developed in a vacuum, it is important to one's understanding of this Anabaptist leader and his positions to be informed of the theological landscape of the sixteenth-century Europe in which the Radical reformer operated. Additionally, this chapter introduces the particular nature of Hubmaier's doctrine of church discipline. Chapter 2 explores the trichotomous anthropology of Balthasar Hubmaier and its connection to church discipline. One must begin with the examination of the reformer's anthropology because his understanding of the makeup of a man is essential to understanding the whole of his theology. Chapter 3 evaluates the connection between Hubmaier's view of church discipline and his doctrine of salvation, placing it within the larger context of the soteriological debate of the sixteenth century. As Hubmaier's understanding of sanctification is included in his concept of justification, it too is discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4 explores the link between Hubmaier's doctrine of church discipline and ecclesiology, particularly the ordinances of water baptism and the Lord's Supper. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the findings of Hubmaier's understanding of church discipline as the doctrine that is central in the reformer's theology.

Liberation theology and Latin America's testimonio and new historical novel: A decolonial perspective

Valiente Nunez, Javier The Johns Hopkins University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation studies liberation theology and its dialogical interaction with Latin America's testimonio and new historical novel from a cultural studies approach that pays special attention to the key issue of decoloniality. Chapter one proposes the idea that Latin American decolonial thinking begins with Father Gustavo Gutierrez's liberation theology in Peru establishing the connection with Jose Carlos Mariategui's precursive experience of articulating a decolonial indigenista socialism as early as in the 1920s. The genealogy of liberation theology as a concept is critically discussed in detail by paying attention to its success and problems from a socioanalytical, hermeneutic and praxical point of view that especially takes into account the crucial role played by Marxism. Chapter two focuses on the origins, historical evolution and reception of liberation theology in the twentieth century as a part of the social, political and intellectual history of the Catholic Church in Latin America. This not only shows how liberation theology was repressed by the hierarchical Catholic sectors of Latin America and Europe from the start but also reveals how it is still alive and kicking today in connection with the figure of Pope Francis. Chapter three offers an in-depth analysis of liberation theology's epistemological evolution and also discusses how decoloniality was always an integral part of it by critically examining the famous controversy between Argentinian Evangelist liberation theologian Jose Miguez Bonino and German Evangelist theologian Jurgen Moltmann, who accused liberation theology of being a Eurocentric theological reflection that just imitated European political theologies and Western Marxism. Chapter four shows how the fact that the deepest layer of liberation theology's thought has to do with questions of race, gender, ecology, economics and globalization from a new interdisciplinary approach demands the discussion of liberation theology's new epistemological discourses in the twenty-first century, which specifically focus on indigenous and African Latin American cultures, the environment, (eco)feminism and global economy. Chapter five studies the relationship between liberation theology and Latin America's testimonio and new historical novel by paying attention to the indigenous question through the key notion of "indigeneity" understood as Native agency and self-representation against the abuses committed upon the indigenous peoples in our globalized world. From the perspective of the theology of liberation, I analyze Ernesto Cardenal's The Gospel in Solentiname, Elisabeth Burgos's I, Rigoberta Menchu and Mario Vargas Llosa's The War of the End of the World. The study of these works allows for a discussion of a decolonial reconceptualization of indigeneity in Cardenal's and Burgos's case as well as Vargas Llosa's questioning of it. Advisor: Professor Sara Castro-Klaren. Readers: Professor William Egginton (JHU), Professor Derek Schilling (Chair, JHU), Professor Thomas Ward (Loyola University Maryland) and Professor Juan Obarrio (JHU).

Unlikely partners: Feminist theology and feminist theory

Wagoner, Zandra The Claremont Graduate University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This purpose of this dissertation is to address a pervasive trend in feminism that places feminist work in religion, particularly feminist theology, outside the bounds of feminist theoretical discourse. In distinction to those who render feminist theology irrelevant to feminism, this dissertation considers the value of bringing feminist theology and feminist theory into mutual conversation. I argue that at this intersection, both discourses are enhanced, challenged and enriched by the other. Chapter One argues that the exclusion of and lack of engagement with feminist theology is, in part, a result of the way feminist theory has defined itself in opposition to religion, influencing how feminist theory has told its history, drawn it memberships, and utilized anti-religious theories. I turn to poststructuralist feminist theory to suggest that there can be significant, relevant and legitimate questions to be raised about the discipline of theology, but only after monolithic rejections of theology and religion are questioned. I suggest that poststructuralist challenges can form the basis of a fruitful exchange between feminist theory and feminist theology. Chapter Two acknowledges that a mutual exchange between feminist theory and feminist theology is not easily forged and proposes a pragmatic feminist ethic of conflict, or a method that reopens the boundaries of feminism in order to contest the exclusion of feminist theology. This method invites feminist theology and feminist theory to become more tangled rather than simply at odds, suggesting that at the site of conflict and difference, there is a chance for unexpected results and possibilities. Using the notion of "God" as the focal point of discussion, Chapters Three and Four make a theoretical case for feminist theology's relevance within the broader work of feminist theory. Chapter Three argues that a reconstructive approach to divinity is a worthy task for feminist theorizing because it more adequately disrupts the traditional understandings of "God" than feminist theories that simply discredit or ignore "God." Chapter Four highlights how feminist theory and feminist theology can benefit from mutual engagement, suggesting that they can be potential partners in poststructuralist efforts to disrupt dominative practices and sustain multiplicity, otherness, and open futures.

Theologies of Crisis in British Literature of the Interwar Period

Domestico, Anthony Paul Yale University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

My dissertation shows how the work of a range of interwar British poets---T. S. Eliot, David Jones, and W. H. Auden---grew out of a serious and sustained reading of then-contemporary Christian theology. In the 1930s and 1940s, poets read theologians (and oftentimes wrote about them in literary reviews), and theologians read poets (and reflected upon them in their own work). For these poets, religious belief involved not just emotional but intellectual assent, and contemporary theologians like Karl Barth and Reinhold Niebuhr provided an example of how human language and reason could engage meaningfully with divine truth. The story of this interdisciplinary conversation has not been told before, and it changes how we read both the literature and the broader intellectual history of the period. My first chapter, "The 'Living Theology' of the Criterion," examines the presence of theological discourse within interwar literary periodicals. In the Criterion, the TLS, and other interwar magazines, Karl Barth's theology was discussed side-by-side with Auden's poetry and Catholic sacramentalism was marshaled as a coherent defense of modernist aesthetics. As I argue, to be a reader of modernist magazines was to be familiar with contemporary theological debates. Chapter 2, '"The Twice-Broken World': T. S. Eliot, Karl Barth, and the Poetics of Christian Revelation," moves from Eliot's editing practices to his poetry, comparing Eliot, arguably the twentieth century's most influential poet, to Barth, arguably the century's most influential theologian. Barth's dialectical theology focused on the abyssal gap separating God from man, and I argue that Eliot's Four Quartets does the same. For Eliot as for Barth, grace obliterates rather than perfects nature, and we are left less with a world charged with the grandeur of God than with a world mourning God's absence. Chapter 3, "Sacramental Theology and David Jones's Poetics of Torsion," argues that Jones's The Anathemata puts into poetic form the theological thought of the French Jesuit Maurice de la Taille. More specifically, I look at what I call Jones's poetics of torsion, his regular wrenching of words into new functions: the noun "tabernacle" becomes the participle "tabernacled," for instance, and a ship is described as "cogginged, tenoned, spiked." This stylistic tic, I argue, created a distinctively sacramental poetics, moving away from predication and description---x was like y---and towards enactment and action---x y'ed. Finally, in chapter 4, "Auden's Meanwhile," I read Auden's poetry of the 1940s through the lens of Reinhold Niebuhr's theology of history. Where the young Auden saw history as apocalypse, the late Auden, channeling Niebuhr, sees history as the meanwhile; he examines not the imminent end-of-days but the frustrating gap separating the City of Man from the City of God. While Eliot and Jones examine theology's vertical tension---the relation between immanence and transcendence---Auden's For the Time Being, "Memorial for the City," and other explicitly Christian poems explore theology's horizontal tension---the relation between the fallen now and the perfected future.