(The) new prospects of Korea's green ODA to Africa : technology development and policy implications of the solar energy

장하나 Graduate School International Studies, Korea Unive 2014 국내석사

This thesis analyzes the overall policies of South Korean green ODA and implications for the development of South Korean green ODA abroad. It is based on the result of qualitative analysis of the case studies and policy implementations from KOICA and international assistance organizations. The analysis shows that South Korea has concentrated 50% of its green ODA on the Asian region and not identified its core sectors. However, 34 out of the 50 poorest nations in the world are located in Africa, and the low level of technology, human capital, and infrastructure needs more proper and effective development assistance than any other regions. Africa has considerable energy potential which could be a valuable asset for its development. In particular, an increasing number of African countries presently concentrate on renewable energy development. This potential needs to be appropriately harnessed through green ODA. In this context, the thesis appraises South Korean green ODA for solar energy development in Africa and explores the suitability focusing on three factors generally accepted by international assistance organizations in the process of green ODA implementations. The thesis also argues that South Korea should establish its own aid strategies. Most of the green ODA to Africa have been provided in the form of construction, temporary projects, and the emergency aid. The “software” forms of support and applies the policy development model to Korean green ODA which requires the importance of policy reform in the aspect of aid effectiveness. The thesis deals with the new prospects of South Korean green ODA to Africa, which is distinguished from the existing aid models or patterns.

Taxonomic study of peronosporaceae (downy mildews) based on morphological and molecular characteristics

최영준 Korea Univ. 2008 국내박사

노균병균과(Peronosporaceae)에 속하는 균류는 모두 식물병원균으로서 주요 작물에 심각한 피해를 일으키는 중요한 분류군이다. 본 연구는 1988년부터 2007년까지 한국에서 채집하여 고려대학교 생명과학대학 표본실(KUS-F)에 보존된 시료를 대상으로 한국에 존재하는 노균병균과 균류를 최초로 정리하였다. 총 78종의 기주식물로부터 9속, 35종의 노균병균을 동정하였고, 각각의 종에 대하여 상세한 병징과 함께 균학적 특징을 기재 묘사하였다. 또한, 경제적으로 상당한 피해를 일으키지만, 분류학적으로 많은 문제점을 가지는 분류군에 대하여 형태적 및 분자적 분석을 수행하였다. 노균병균과의 종의 개념(species concept)에 대한 연구를 위하여 경제적, 분류학적으로 가장 중요한 세 복합체(complex)인, Peronospora farinosa, Bremia lactucae, Plasmopara halstedii를 대상으로 형태적 및 분자적 특징과 기주 범위 또는 특이성에 관하여 분석하였다. 이 세 복합체는 지금까지 명아주과(Chenopodiaceae), 국화과 (Asteraceae)의 상추아과(Cichorioideae)와 국화아과(Asteroideae)의 많은 식물을 각각 감염하는 유일한 균들로 동정되었으나, 이 광의적 종개념(broad species concept)은 현재의 계통학적 분석의 결과와 일치하지 않았다. 다수유전자염기서열(multigene sequences)은 이 종들이 사실상 여러 종으로 구분되어야 함을 보였으며, 이것은 결과적으로 한 종의 노균병균이 특정 기주 속 또는 종만을 감염한다는 협의적 종개념(narrow species concept)이 광의적 종개념보다 노균병균의 분류체계에 더 적합하다는 것을 증명하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 여전히 이 한 종개념만으로 해결할 수 없는 여러 문제점들이 존재한다. Pseudoperonospora cubensis와 Ps. humuli에서의 연구에서처럼, 일부 종은 넓은 기주 범위를 가지는 것으로 보고되었다. 또한, 기주 식물을 모를 경우 이 종개념의 적용은 제한적이며, 만약 기주 식물을 알더라도 두 종 이상의 노균병균이 한 기주 식물을 감염하는 경우가 있으므로 적용하는데 한계가 있다. 게다가 계통학적 결과만을 토대로 종을 구분할 경우 그 유전적 다양성이 종간(interspecific) 또는 종내(infraspecific)의 유전적 차이인지 명확하지 않아 수 많은 신종(new species)의 도입을 피할 수 없다. 결과적으로 형태적 특징, 계통학적 분석, 그리고 기주 범위나 특이성에 기초한 종합적인 분석이 노균병균의 동정과 분류, 그리고 나아가 그들의 진화와 다양성을 이해하는데 필요하다. 본 연구는 전세계에서 가장 큰 경제적 피해를 주는 노균병균의 분류학적 문제점들을 해결하였다. 오랫동안 시금치와 사탕무에서 발생하는 노균병의 원인균으로 간주되었던 P. farinosa f.sp. spinaciae와 P. farinosa f.sp. betae에 대해 이전에 동물이명(synonym)으로 처리되었던 P. effusa와 P. schachtii을 각각 재도입하였다. 또한, 최근에 주요 곡물로서 널리 재배되기 시작한 퀴노아(quinoa)에서 발생하는 노균병의 원인균이 기존에 알려졌던 P. farinosa가 아닌, P. variabilis임을 밝혔다. 경제적으로 중요한 박과작물의 노균병균인 Ps. cubensis와 호프 노균병균인 Ps. humuli에 대한 형태적 및 분자적 결과를 통해 Ps. humuli를 Ps. cubensis의 동물이명으로 처리하였다. 상추를 비롯한 여러 작물을 감염하는 Bremia속에 대해, 오랫동안 한 종으로 분류되었던 B. microspora, B. ovata, B. saussureae, B. sonchicola, B. lactucae이 형태적, 분자적 특징에 근거하여 서로 다른 종임을 새롭게 밝혔다. 추가적으로 본 연구를 통해 새롭게 제시된 학명은 다음과 같다. 신종(new species): Plasmopara ambrosiae on Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Peronospora oblatispora on Potentilla chrysantha, P. paradoxa, P. supina, Aphanes microcarpa. 신조합(new combination): Plasmopara domingensis on Parthenium hysterophorus. 학명의 재도입(re-instatement): P. chenopodii, P. variabilis, P. boni-henrici, P. chenopodii-polyspermi on specific species of Chenopodium. The Peronosporaceae (downy mildews) have caused spectacular and catastrophic epidemics on several crops in the past, and some of them continue to cause epidemics and severe losses to the present. In this study, downy mildew fungi in Korea have first been compiled. Many materials of host plants infected with downy mildew fungi were collected from 1988 to 2007, and deposited in the mycological herbarium KUS-F. Through the monographic study, it was described and illustrated a total of 35 species belonging to nine genera of Peronosporaceae, and arranged in alphabetical order. Their synonymy, morphological characteristics of taxonomic values, host plants, specimens examined, geographical distribution, taxonomic notes, and line drawings were given for each species. Two genera of the family, Basidiophora and Plasmoverna, were recorded new to Korea, and 10 species of three genera were firstly reported and illustrated: Basidophora entospora, Peronospora agrestis, Peronospora conferta, Peronospora chrysosplenii, Peronospora galii, Peronospora swinglei, Peronospora viciae, Plasmopara pileae, Plasmopara wilsonii, and Plasmoverna pygmaea. Sixteen species of 12 genera were added as new host plants in Korea; Anemone raddeana, Anemone reflexa, Cerastium holosteoides var. hallaisanense, Chrysosplenium flagelliferum, Chrysosplenium japonicum, Conyza canadensis, Galium spurium, Impatiens noli-tangere, Pilea hamaoi, Pilea mongolica, Plantago major var. japonica, Potentilla paradoxa, Salvia plebeia, Veronica didyma var. lilacina, Veronica persica, and Vicia angustifolia var. segetilis. The present studies are dealing with the morphological and molecular characteristics, and host range or specificity for Peronospora farinosa, Bremia lactucae, and Plasmopara halstedii within the Peronosporaceae. The three species were usually regarded as sole parasitic fungus causing downy mildew disease on many plants covering the family Chenopodiaceae and two subfamilies, the Cichorioideae and the Asteroideae, of the family Asteraceae, respectively. This view, however, has been challenged with the present extensive results. Phylogenetic analysis of the multigene sequences indicates that they are not monophyletic, but falls into several different branches according to their host plants. Therefore, it indicated that the narrow species concept is largely adequate for species delimitation of the downy mildews. However, as in Ps. humuli and Ps. cubensis, a few downy mildew may have a host range beyond the family of the host plant. Also, if we did not know the host plants the fungus infects, the species concept could be not applied, and even if we kwno, more than two distinct species parasitic on the same host genus or even the same host species have been often reported in the Peronosporaceae. Besides, phylogenetic analysis alone without regarding of morphological characteristics would also inevitably lead to the creation of many more species. Therefore, the narrow species concept alone is insufficient to define all species within the Peronosporaceae. Before this study, the splitting of species based on morphological features has been criticized due to the lack of clear-cut difference, but the present results revealed that many traditional morphological species well correspond to units defined by host specialization and phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, a combining investigation of the morphological characteristics, molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, and host range or specialization, will certainly yield important results which contribute to define species and further to the understanding of the evolution and diversification of downy mildews. Taxonomic problems with downy mildew pathogens parasitic on economically important crops have been also resolved in this study. The names Peronospora effusa and P. schachtii have been reinstated for the downy mildew fungi parasitic on spinach and beet, respectively, and the causal agent of the disease on an economically important quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) has been identified as Peronospora variabilis, and not P. farinosa as claimed by most studies. For two economically important downy mildews, Pseudoperonospora humuli and Ps. cubensis, the former species has been to the taxonomic synonyms of the latter one. The taxonomic study of five Bremia species demonstrated that B. microspora, B. ovata, B. saussureae, and B. sonchicola should be regarded as independent taxa from B. lactucae, parasitic on lettuce. There were also introduced following taxonomic novelties and revisions: Plasmopara ambrosiae sp. nov. on Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Peronospora oblatispora sp. nov., parasitic on Potentilla chrysantha, P. paradoxa, P. supina and Aphanes microcarpa, P. domingensis comb. nov. on Parthenium hysterophorus, and re-instatement of P. boni-henrici, P. chenopodii, P. chenopodii-polyspermi, and P. variabilis infecting specific species of Chenopodium.

Korean ODA for technical vocational education & training (TVET) to Latin America : suggestions for public-private partnerships (PPP)

성유저 Graduate School International Studies, Korea Unive 2014 국내석사

Latin America is a large emerging market for Korea and politically home to many friendly nations. Therefore, it is an important continent for Korea’s expanding market and for maintaining amicable relations in world politics. Yet Korean ODA, which is growing quantitatively as well as qualitatively, is still focused mainly in Asia, and the portion of Korean ODA reaching Latin America is still very small despite gradual increases. In order to achieve high aid- effectiveness with a relatively small amount of aid, Korea should select the sectors in which it can implement aid well and practice efficient methods for implementation. In line with this approach, Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) is the best sector in which Korea has a comparative advantage in relation to other donor countries. Moreover, Latin American countries’ demand for Korean TVET is high. In terms of the method for implementation, this thesis suggests that Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) are an efficient method for implementing TVET ODA. PPP has recently emerged as a new paradigm for achieving high aid-effectiveness because it encourages the cooperation among government, private companies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO). As such, this research begins from the question ‘As Korea is practicing TVET ODA in Latin America, is it more efficient and effective to implement it through PPP.’ In the case of Latin America, discussion about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is lively and more and more Korean companies are entering the emerging markets in Latin America. Given this background, this study will contribute to the discussion on how to achieve high aid-effectiveness by suggesting the possibilities for implementing PPP and the efficient ways to practice PPP through Korean TVET ODA in Latin America.

Three essays on environmental valuation, recycling industry, and technological evaluation (Contingent valuation method, production function approach, multi-attribute utility analysis)

김찬준 Korea Univ. 2003 국내박사

As the national economy becomes increasingly advanced, the amount of wastes being generated is rising rapidly in Korea. These problems have induced policy-makers to investigate the waste reduction alternatives. The overwhelming advantages of recycling such as lowering pollution levels, conserving energy, creating jobs, and building more competitive manufacturing industries are apparent. Therefore, the recycling of waste and the role of recycling firms have become all the more important in respect to resource scarcity and final waste processing residues. In order to activate the recycling industry, a public utility (KORECO) has been financing recycling firms. Exploring the impact of public financing for recycling firms is necessary and important in the utility`s financing management aspect. This study, therefore, concentrated on whether the impact of financed capital on recycling firms` outputs is fruitful or not, and also paid attention to the size and sign of parameters to be estimated

(A) study on the effectiveness of Korea's international development cooperation to facilitate human resources development (HRD) in Bangladesh : a developing world perspective

Siddiky Md. Roknuzzaman Korea Univ. of Technology and Education 2012 국내박사

Contrasting styles of gold-silver mineralization in the western area of Korea

박상준 Korea Univ. 2004 국내박사

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA among different races of magnaporthe grisea in Korea

Ko, Jong-Hyun Korea univ. 1991 국내석사

Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Eunjeok volcanichosted silver-gold vein deposit, Youngam-Naju mining area, Korea

Kim, Seong-Yong Korea Univ. 1989 국내석사

Metamorphism and tectonic environment of Ogcheon metabasites in the Ogcheon metamorphic belt, South Korea

Ryu, Young-Bock Korea univ. 1991 국내석사

Analysis on green growth policy in Korea

김보연 Korea Univ. 2010 국내석사