An empirical investigation of tax practitioners' decisions under uncertainty : a prospect theory approach

Sanders UMI 1990 국내박사

Intramolecular Singlet Fission in Acenes

Sanders, Samuel Nathan Columbia University ProQuest Dissertations & These 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

In 2017, 98 gigawatts of solar capacity were added globally, outpacing new contributions from coal, gas and nuclear plants combined, based on 161 billion dollars of investment. Solar is the leading contributor to the clean energy revolution and. Within this context, enhancing the power conversion efficiency of solar cells is crucial economically and environmentally. Because sunlight is incident on the earth as a broad spectrum of different colors, the energy of the photons spans a wide. In Chapter 1, we introduce the photophysical process of singlet exciton fission and give an overview of the field, with a focus on its potential for incorporation into photovoltaic devices. In Chapter 2-8, we discuss our results realizing single. Chapter 5 discusses the synthesis and photophysics of homoconjugated and non-conjugated pentacene dimers, where singlet fission occurs through sigma bonds. Again, transient absorption spectroscopy is crucial to the assignment of the photophysics.

The Economics of Retail Food Waste

Sanders, Robert ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

Each year, the perishable grocery industry produces substantial waste, resulting in considerable costs to firms and generating harmful greenhouse gas emissions. I study the incentives to produce such waste using a novel data set that matches a l.

Arcuate patterning as a central feature on ventral midbrain development during early embryogenesis

Sanders, Timothy Andrew The University of Chicago 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

The vertebrate nervous system develops into a complex, diverse array of neuronal assemblies, termed nuclei, which have characteristic cellular and physiological properties. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate the neuronal and nuclear and diversity within the brain remain largely unresolved. To address this question of neuronal and nuclear patterning, the embryological organization of the developing ventral midbrain, a principal division of the vertebrate brain, has been examined with respect to its underlying molecular anatomy. Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and gene expression profiles for homeodomain transcription factors clearly demonstrate that the tegmentum of the embryonic chick is transiently organized as a series of longitudinal columns of differentiated neurons, termed midbrain arcs. Moreover, neuronal phenotypes, cholinergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons, originate in distinct arcuate domains within ventral midbrain suggesting that midbrain arcs are intimately involved in neuronal and subsequent nuclear patterning. This arcuate organization appears to be generated and subsequently maintained by the establishment of longitudinal domains within the population of neuronal progenitors. These longitudinal domains differ with respect to their cell proliferation kinetics as well as repertoire of expressed neural determination factors potentially establishing select populations of precursors specified to particular nuclear fates. From the examination of the temporal-spatial expression profiles of select signaling molecules indicates, it is proposed that the early coordination of BMP and Sonic hedgehog signaling and subsequent WNT signaling results in the initial formation of dorsoventral arrayed longitudinal domains within the ventricular layer. Therefore, the initial establishment of discrete positional values within arcuately oriented progenitor populations establishes the eventual neuronal and nuclear organization of the vertebrate ventral midbrain. The remarkable organization of ventral midbrain into longitudinal, arcuate territories indicates that it will provide an ideal model system to address the mechanisms responsible for neuronal and nuclear patterning in the vertebrate brain.

Spatial Analysis of Birth Center Locations and Service Catchment Areas in the Contiguous United States: An Application of Public Health Critical Race Praxis

Sanders, Sarah Annalise University of Pittsburgh ProQuest Dissertations & 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Objectives: Birth center care is associated with improved health for childbearing people of all racial or socioeconomic groups. Black people are underrepresented among birth center clientele and the midwifery workforce. This is troublesome given the legacy of Black midwives in the United States (US), who were systematically disenfranchised by the obstetrical field in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Applying Public Health Critical Race Praxis, the objectives of this dissertation research are to examine the distribution of birth center locations in the contiguous US, describe their service communities, and explore how structural racism (e.g., employment inequity) influences access to birth center care for Black childbearing people.Methods: Leveraging secondary data, this research applied spatial analytic methods to illustrate birth center locations and assess spatial clustering (i.e., global and local Moran’s I) of states and counties with birth centers. This dissertation also investigated the association between quantitative measures of structural racism and the presence of birth centers using multivariable logistic regression; and compared childbearing populations within birth center catchment areas to those outside.Results: Global Moran’s I testing indicated significant spatial autocorrelation of counties with birth centers, including by attribute (e.g., accreditation). Multivariable regression demonstrated significantly higher odds of birth center presence at the county level with increased racial segregation and increased racial inequity regarding educational attainment, controlling for population size and midwifery scope. Compared to childbearing populations outside, those within birth center catchment areas had significantly larger proportions identifying as Asian, Black, and Hispanic.Conclusions: Gaps in birth center locations appear in the South and Midwest, as well as in less urbanized counties with lower population sizes. Associations between racial inequity and birth center presence underscore the impact of structural racism on perinatal health. Birth center catchment areas are demographically diverse, contrasting the homogenous samples documented in the literature.Public Health Significance: The childbearing populations within the catchment areas of existing birth centers are more racially heterogenous compared to the make-up of clientele cited in the evidence base, highlighting the need for further research to examine the drivers of racially disparate engagement with birth center care.

Electrostatic processing of polymers and polymer composites

Sanders, Elliot Howard Virginia Commonwealth University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Polymers are a broad class of molecules whose use in modern life is undeniable ranging from automobile parts to pharmaceuticals. One method applicable to polymer material production is known as electrostatic processing which includes electrospraying, used to produce films or microparticles, and electrospinning, which can be used to produce fibers or non-woven materials. Electrostatic processing typically results in products with droplet or fiber diameters on the micron or nanometer scale. We have sought to develop novel polymeric materials and composites using electrostatic processing. The end uses of these materials were diverse, and included controlled release of drugs, microencapsulation of proteins and enzymes, provision of molecular cues for directed cell growth, hydronium ion transport, and electrically conductive polymer and catalytically active composites. We have successfully demonstrated that electrostatic processing can be used to produce a wide variety of functionally active polymer based materials with significant commercial, medical, and scientific potential.

Regulation of the c-Myc/Max/Mad network during liver development and regeneration

Sanders, Jennifer Ann Brown University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The c-myc proto-oncogene has been assigned roles in cellular proliferation, growth, metabolism, apoptosis, and differentiation. c-Myc is considered to be an extremely short-lived protein whose expression is tightly regulated in many cell types. This protein is normally expressed at high levels in proliferating cells and at diminishing levels as cells undergo growth arrest and differentiation. All of the biological activities of c-Myc require its binding partner, Max. c-Myc/Max heterodimers bind DNA at E boxes to either activate or repress transcription of target genes. In contrast to c-Myc, Max is considered to have ubiquitous expression and to be highly stable, resulting in Max levels that under usual conditions exceed those of c-Myc. Max interactions are promiscuous, as Max also dimerizes to another short-lived family of proteins, Mad. The mad family of transcription factors oppose the biological activities of c-Myc by competing for binding to Max and repressing the transcription of a subset of c-Myc activated genes. In contrast to c-Myc, Mad members are expressed during growth arrest and in differentiated cells. In the current model for the c-myc/ max/mad network, Max is constitutively expressed while the transcriptional activity of the network relies upon the differential expression patterns of c-Myc and Mad. The work presented here demonstrates that the currently accepted model of c-myc versus mad expression does not account for the regulation of the c-Myc/Max/Mad network in adult liver. c-Myc protein content was similar in proliferating fetal and quiescent adult liver. However, c-Myc was localized almost exclusively to the nucleolus in adult hepatocytes. max RNA and protein levels were regulated during liver development and its expression correlated with hepatocyte proliferation. Decreases in Max abundance in the adult liver also correlated with c-Myc localization to the nucleolus. This work suggests that the decrease in Max abundance and nucleolar localization of c-Myc may restrict the functional activity of c-Myc in the adult liver.

Self-administered treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: Comparison to a wait list control group

Sanders, Kathryn A State University of New York at Albany 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Self-help treatments for a variety of mental and physical health problems are commercially available; however many of these have not been empirically tested. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a self-managed treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in comparison to a wait list control. Treatment consisted of an already-published self-help book: Breaking the bonds of irritable bowel syndrome. Participants monitored their gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms for 2 weeks and completed questionnaires measuring psychological symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory) and quality of life (QOL; IBS Quality of Life) prior to being assigned to either immediate treatment or a wait list condition. Participants assigned to the wait list were crossed over to the treatment condition. Of 33 participants initially recruited 7 completed immediate treatment, 9 the wait list. A further 4 of 9 wait list participants went on to complete the treatment. Analyses revealed the treatment book significantly decreased composite GI symptom scores in comparison to the wait list, but did not lead to significantly larger improvements in QOL or other psychological symptoms. When examining the entire treated sample, analyses showed significant improvement in abdominal pain, average GI symptoms, and QOL after treatment. Despite the small sample size and high drop out rate (43%) in this study, it is an important first step in researching and empirically validating low-cost, self-administered treatments for IBS.

Evaluating the Preparation of Pre-Service School-Based Agricultural Education Teachers in Laboratory-Based Courses

Sanders, Kevin W Iowa State University ProQuest Dissertations & The 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation’s purpose was for examining the preparation of pre-service school-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers in laboratory-based courses and discovering how experienced SBAE teachers describe the experiences which prepared them to be effective facilitators of laboratory instruction. Furthermore, we discovered SBAE teachers’ experiences, perceptions, and intentions to use power equipment with Flesh Sensing Safety Technology (FSST).This dissertation utilized quantitative and qualitative approaches to address the following four research objectives: (1) identify the laboratory-based courses offered at agricultural education institutions and determine which courses were required for pre-service teachers, and which courses had a pedagogical focus, (2) determine SBAE teacher educators’ perceptions regarding possible needs or changes regarding preparing pre-service teachers associated with laboratory competencies, (3) discover how experienced SBAE teachers describe the experiences which best prepared them to serve as an effective facilitator of learning in laboratory-based SBAE settings, (3) describe the SBAE teachers’ past and current experiences with FSST and injuries prevented by way of flesh-sensing safety technology, and (4) describe SBAE teachers’ intentions to use flesh sensing safety technology.For objectives one and two, a descriptive quantitative survey was deployed to 33 agricultural education teacher certifying institutions across America to discover what laboratory-based courses are being offered to prepare pre-service teachers for teaching, managing, and facilitating learning activities in SBAE laboratories. We discovered 28 (84.8%) of the universities agricultural teacher education programs (n = 33) offered an Agricultural Mechanics course, 25 universities (78.1%) offered a Livestock Management course, 20 (64.5%) offered a Greenhouse Management course, and 18 (56.3%) offered a Welding / Metal Fabrication course. Of all of the courses the universities (n = 33) offered, 31 (96.9%) universities required pre-service teachers to take Agricultural Mechanics, 26 (83.9%) universities required Welding / Metal Fabrication, 20 (64.5%) universities required Livestock Management, and 14 (46.7%) universities required Greenhouse management for pre-service SBAE teachers. Nearly half (f = 13, 41.9%) of the teacher educators felt there is a moderate need (MN) to expand instruction pertaining to Agricultural Mechanics, Poultry Science, and Carpentry. Nearly a quarter (f = 7, 23.3%) of teacher educators felt there was a very significant need (VSN) to expand instruction in Welding / Metal Fabrication, and another quarter (f = 7, 23.3%) indicated a moderate need (MN) to expand instruction. To address objective three, a qualitative phenomenological approach was utilized and a total of 27 SBAE teachers were interviewed. Two themes were discovered during data analysis (1) teachers accredit their ability to teach, manage, and facilitate laboratory activities from informal experiences, (2) teachers accredit their ability to teach, manage, and facilitate laboratory activities from formal experiences. The four sub-themes were mentorship, secondary experiences, underprepared for laboratory instruction, and the desire for more training.To address objective four, a descriptive quantitative survey was sent via email to 83 SBAE teachers across the nation. The teachers revealed 20.5% were currently using flesh-sensing safety technology (FSST) equipment in agricultural education programs, and over 50 injuries had been prevented by using equipment with FSST. Teachers indicated a 73.3 to 92.4 agreement on incorporating flesh-sensing safety equipment in the future. The findings of this research indicate there are not enough laboratory-based courses offered at agricultural teacher certifying institutions to prepare students to be an effective facilitator of learning in SBAE laboratories. This study also revealed what prepared experienced SBAE teachers to be effective facilitators of learning in laboratory settings. These findings also indicate pre-service teachers are not receiving enough laboratory-based training. Furthermore, this study’s findings revealed that teachers are willing to incorporate FSST in the future. Further research should explore if agricultural education teacher graduates, who have had more laboratory training show a higher level of preparedness for teaching, managing, and facilitating learning activities in agricultural education laboratories. Also, an analysis should be conducted to determine if the geographical location is an indicator for what type of laboratories are most commonly found in SBAE programs, therefore institutions could align their training to the most common laboratories found in their region. Furthermore, it is suggested further exploratory research be conducted to see how much laboratory training should be offered to adequately prepare pre-service SBAE teachers for laboratory instruction. With the decline in laboratory-based instruction and an urbanized economy, the agricultural education teachers of tomorrow will have different needs than the ones of yesterday if laboratory instruction is to remain a fundamental component of the agricultural education curriculum.

Evaluating the Nature of Changes in School Violence during "The Great American Crime Decline"

Sanders, Amber N ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The Pennsylvania S 2018 해외박사(DDOD)