特許權 侵害의 判斷基準에 관한 硏究

김만웅 東亞大學校 大學院 1986 국내석사

The judgement of a patent infringement is different by the application for the form and standard of the judgement, and is also different in accordance with the scope of protection to be interpreted by a skilled person in the filled of the act, and the ratio of application for the theory of equality. This thesis has been written for the purpose of setting up "a theory how to judge out countrys infringement of patent right" by synthesizing and systematizing the fragmentary theories and practices pertaining to the judgement of infringement of patent right which belongs, to a state of general are and the patent rights of the inventions involving an inventive step which have been individually dispersed till the present. In chapter 1, this thesis dealt with the purpose and the extent of study, presenting important problem of infringement of patent right. In Chapter 2, this thesis established the conception on the infringement litigation, presenting a type and the requirement of conduct of infringement. In Chapter 3, this thesis mainly dealt with the extent of protection of patent right and the method of judgement of equivalent invention. Specially, in this Chapter, this thesis clarified the aiming direction and range in various kinds of the interpretation, and further enabling to make a choice of a reasonable interpreting method. In Chapter 4, which forms a part of Chapter 3 on the interpreting theory, this thesis dealt with the extent of protection of publicly known patent rights differentiating partly publicly known patent rights from all publicly known patent rights. In conclusion, because our country's interpretation of the extent of protection of novel patent rights is cited and contrasted stricly and fally in the terms of claims and the other requirements, there is a problem which the patentees are victimized heavily, while the third persons are unduly protected their free right and interest due to the expanded interpreation. Even in a publicly known patent right one cleclared valid, our country's interpretation demands for the patentees' victim, because it is to become eliminated partly publicly known matters as well as all publicly known matters from the whole of unified patent right thereof, and thus to disapprove the substantial effect of patent as well as system of invalidation and trial for partial correction. But, the extent of protection of patent right should be interpreted to give a fair protection to the patentees with a patent once granted irrespective of a novel or publicly known patent, and to secure a reasonable degree of certainty to the third persons. The above-mentioned suggestions by the present writer are proved by the international trends.

首都圈 廣域鐵道網의 效率的 構築方案에 관한 硏究

김만웅 仁荷大學校 國際通商物流大學院 2000 국내석사

Economic development and urbanization are resulting in the boundary or an inner urban space and emergence of a megalopolis which retains socio-economic character, that is, according to increase school and commuting distance extension of region's living boundary. Besides, as increasing the demand of a wide area commutation, the systematic expansion of wide transportation. In order to solve this problem of capital area's transportation, first of all, it is necessary that we construct effective design of capital wide railroad network, guarantee of competitive commuting speed, and quick and pleasant exchange institution. The present capital wide railroad network, however, is built of emanational railroad network. Because of this, there are a lot of problem which involves inconvenient passage. Furthermore, it loss competition with other transportation for the system of slow train. This research, on the basis, of theory of metropolitan area's wide railroad network, look into the present condition of network, analyze the actual condition. Also this research suggest alternatives to overcome these problem and contribute to solve traffic problem of capital area. the construction of capital wide railroad network. The direction about construction of capital wide railroad network is divided in two method. The first methodology is to offer the continuance of a live and reinforce transportation ability according to increase and reset existing system and to extend the service area of electric railroad with building new line. The second methodology is to build rotation railroad network in order to overcome the limit that existing system includes in other word, the lack of connection between districts. It can insurance interconnection of region to prepare the reorganization, the dispersion- coenocyte's space in the future. The construction of capital wide railroad net requires the investigate on of stage, and in the short term, it needs the expansion of existing system and makes line in the area that has many traffic. In the midway term, it needs reinforcement of emanation-liner that connect between Seoul and another cities. In the long term, it needs supply that serves equil railroad service in the metropolitan, and it completes network of sutellite cities with linking liner. To increase in the optimum level about low supply rate of capital electric railroad net with compared with developed country, considering that present slow train causes delay the time to enter the center of city, all alternatives must receive express railroad. And the construction of wide railroad networking which has express railroad is needed is without delay. Thus, in the case of new construction, as examining and reflecting a building siding and an extension the distance between stations considering driving the electric express train, we have to seek the maximum profit of it. And existing train, it's time of entering to the heart of the Metropolis must be shorten constructively examining the Plan of driving the electric express train. Also, the method-for raising the efficiency of mass traffic demanded throughout the wide area-of transfer system of wide area train for effective management of wide area traffic demand reduce the line of flow and the time to transfer- for guarantee the approximation to the center of the Metropolis though introduction of concept a feeder which ate connection with whippest train express wide area bus and subway at the transferring station and trunk transportation to border coming in and out the Metropolis by express wide area train. For the realize these, we must reduce inconvenience transferring by construction mere escalator, elevator and level sidewalk etc. and efficient designing the station for transfer between subway and wide area train. Besides, the construction transfer center and parking area is activated for conversion of owner ca demand to mass traffic. Finally, sublate the train construction with reckless plan which doesn't have careful management plan for supplying efficiency to people and running as beneficial system easing traffic jam by construction wide capital area train from the designing, we must plan carefully, and then construct adequate, if it is so, after the construction, the wide capital area train system will be build like water flows.

GIS 영향권 분석 기반 최적대중교통시스템 선정기준 개발

김만웅 서울과학기술대학교 2010 국내박사

Each municipal government is considering the introduction of alternative transportation modes such as light-rail and bus rapid transit to reduce massive congestion prices and environmental pollutions due to increasing vehicles. As they do not have any criteria for selecting an appropriate transit system, a heavy-rail system has been adopted in general, which causes a lack of national subsidies. The research investigates diverse problems led from choosing an alternative transit mode and develops the selection criterion to help make decision on which transit system is appropriate over transit networks. The difference of this criterion suggested in this study is that forecasting travel demand without origin-destination (OD) trip is possible. In case of a new city being built, the OD trip data do not exist, which leads a trouble in selecting an appropriate transit mode in accordance with its accurate travel demand in the future. To overcome the problem, the criterion to choose an optimized system over transportation networks is proposed by defining its system capacity, using GIS buffering along transportation networks in a city. The criteria are described with a sample city, Hang-Bok city which is being constructed, as well as are applied to Tae-Jon city considering a new transit mode introduction. In addition, we provide optimized transit systems along main transportation networks over Tae-Jon city. This research examines fundamental necessary-sufficient conditions in choosing an appropriate transit system, and the selection and evaluation are carried out if the necessary-sufficient conditions are met. While both least square estimates (LSE) and demand-supply methods are applicable in judging whether the conditions are met, the demand-supply method is more appropriate for travel demand data and even more logical than the LSE. The necessary conditions for travel demand forecast are divided into two sections: inter-city networks and city-networks. Once one or more transit systems is recommended by the results of necessary conditions, the sufficient conditions for choosing an appropriate transit system incorporate absolute index (the suitability of roadway geometric design, and whether the network is in over-capacity) and relative index (system operating costs, and self-reliance of local finance). Based on roadway topology and geometric design, 14 transit main lines are considered and again 10 main lines are selected, consisting of 4 east-west lines and 6 south-north lines in Tae-Jon city. The predictions of maximum-minimum transit ridership are calculated using the coefficients estimated by population and employments near the transit lines. The number of estimated transit riders is compared with the network capacities, and then an optimized transit mode that can be introduced is adopted. Based on the analysis, light-rails for 4 east-west lines (along Kyeback ro-Jungang ro) and bus rapid transits for 6 south-north lines are recommended. After the announcement of new transit system projects, a few of projects have been delayed or canceled through the re-evaluation of economic feasibility. This research expects to save time and costs when applying the selection criteria to new cities or to the existing cities that need to adopt new appropriate transit systems. 과도한 승용차 이용에 따른 혼잡비용 증가와 환경오염 문제 등으로 경전철 등 신교통시스템 도입을 각 지자체별로 추진하고 있지만, 특별한 대중교통시스템 선정기준이 없어 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 무리한 중전철 건설로 국고낭비가 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 신교통 수단 선정 시 나타나는 여러 문제점을 파악하고, 대중교통축별로 어떠한 대중교통시스템이 적정한지를 판단할 수 있는 선정 기준을 개발하였다. 특히 기존연구와 비교하여 본 연구에서 제시한 기준은 신도시 등 건설 전 교통 수요예측 측면에서 기종점(O/D) 교통량이 없어도 수요예측이 가능하도록 차별화 하였다. 예컨대 신도시의 경우에는 기종점(O/D) 교통량에 관한 자료가 부재하여 미래의 수요예측을 통한 신교통시스템 선정 시 문제가 있기 때문에, 본 논문에서는 도시의 교통축별로 GIS Buffering 분석기법에 기반하여 시스템별 용량을 설정하여 교통축별 최적 시스템을 선정하는 기준을 제시하였고, 제시한 기준을 세종시를 대상으로 설명하고, 추가로 신교통시스템 도입계획이 있는 대전광역시에도 적용하여 도입 가능한 최적 대중교통시스템을 교통축별로 선정하였다. 본 논문에서는 대중교통시스템 선정을 위한 기본원칙으로 필요조건과 충분조건을 살펴보고, 교통축별로 시스템의 선정 및 평가는 필요․충분조건을 만족시키는 대중교통시스템을 찾아가는 방식을 채택하였다. 이러한 필요조건 산정방법은 회귀분석법(Regression)과 수요공급법(Demand-Supply)이 있으나, 논리적으로 가장 설득력 있고 교통수요에 감응하는 시스템을 선정할 수 있는 수요공급법을 선정하였다. 필요조건은 광역교통축과 간선교통축으로 구분하여 대상 교통축을 선정하고, 대중교통수요를 예측하였다. 교통축의 선정은 미래 교통 기종점(O/D) 교통량이 없어도 예측이 가능하도록 GIS Buffering 분석을 활용하며, 도시규모별 의 대표 값을 산출함으로써 대중교통수송용량(공급)을 산출하였다. 충분조건에서는 필요조건에 의해 결정된 대중교통시스템이 하나 이상 선정될 수 있기 때문에 해당 도시의 교통축에 적합한 대중교통시스템을 선정하기 위해 기하구조의 적합성, 축 교통용량 초과여부 등의 절대기준과 시스템 소요비용, 지자체 재정자립도 등의 상대기준을 적용한다. 상기의 절차를 통해 신 대중교통시스템의 도입 기준 및 절차를 세종시를 예시로 설명하고 이러한 기준의 타당성 분석을 위해 대중교통시스템 도입 계획이 있는 대전광역시를 시범 적용하고 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 도로 위계 및 기하구조 측면에서 14개의 대중교통축을 선정하였고, 도로의 성격 및 중복성을 고려해서 동서 4개, 남북축 6개 등 총 10개의 대표적인 교통축을 선정하였다. 대전광역시의 버스수요 최대값과 영향권 범위 내 인구 및 종사자수를 감안하여 축별 계수 를 도출하고, 이를 통해 최대․최소 수송인원을 예측한다. 이러한 수송인원은 대중교통시스템별 용량과 비교하여 도입 가능한 최적 대중교통시스템을 선정하고 그 결과 동서 4축인 계백로-중앙로축에 경전철의 도입이 가능하고, 나머지 축에서는 중․저 간선급행버스(BRT, Bus Rapid Transit)를 도입해야 시민들에게 더욱 높은 교통 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 최근 신 대중교통시스템 도입 발표 후 사업 재평가를 통해 타당성이 없는 것으로 분석된 사업의 경우 연기 및 취소되는 사례가 있는데, 본 논문을 통해 제시된 신 대중교통시스템 도입 기준을 세종시와 같은 신도시의 신교통시스템 선정 시에 활용하거나 추후 건설 예정인 사업에 적용하여 진행한다면, 시간적․비용적 절감을 가져올 수 있을 것이다.

우리나라 離婚節次에서의 調停機能 强化에 關한 硏究

김만웅 釜山大學校 2004 국내박사

This study is to evaluate our divorce system, especially those divorce's by agreement, trial, and mediation in terms of traditional legal practices; through social jurisprudence, it is also important to seek an alternative system suitable for our traditional family organization. As a result of the growing gap between patriarchical family organizations and the social-cultural situations surrounding them, Korean divorce rate continues to surge higher; ranked presently as the forth highest of OECD nations. Our Korean divorce system can not function as a key to solving the social-cultural life style problems. For the improvement of a viable system, wellbeing programs, institutions of marriage and divorce, and a mature culture should be sought. Presently the divorce system has really been structured to illuminate the illusionary equality between sexes, and this results in legal protection being only marginalized. The jurisprudence should pay more attention to lessening the high divorce rate and to examining possible problems within our divorce system through its introduction of a strong points plan derived from Sociology, Psychology, Jurisprudence, Religion and other related fields. Along with studying the characteristics of Korean people we also emphasize on "What system is best for attaining the next social development level?" This study aims to search the criteria for examining divorce's which are applicable to our social jurisprudence environment. It additionally reviews the methods of improvement for our legal process and various social devices that can support each such process; This study is mainly to examine the following: 1) Presently divorce represents one critical situation within the family unit which can't be supported from our social institutions. Korean laws do not have an alternative which promotes a decreasing of the divorce rate and/or guaranteeing of individual happiness. What we face in our present society is that a divorce by consent is permitted too easily and divorce mediation system is not active. 2) Our divorce system demands more elasticity, including the human function of curing conflicts between husband and wife, to accomplish this will achieve the embodiment of justice and the protection of the marginalized. Korean laws do not assist in reducing the human problems within our divorce system. Korean divorce mediation system do not cope appropriately with these problems, as the result, a divorce by consent is permitted too easily. 3) General cases can be dealt by objective decisions on basis of proofs, confessions, and facts. On the other hand, domestic cases must be solved with the help of social workers and specialists in psychology. Now, our divorce mediation system does not reflect these practical considerations. 4) In the divorce mediation system, couples are not given recovery opportunities by a good process of any kind of mediation before they appeal to the laws. Without giving an opportunity for compromise and conciliation, the family divorce laws permit them to divorce often unreasonably. And so our Korean divorce mediation system needs to be improved. 5) A couple with the potential of marital recovery must be successfully supported. But the couple without such possibility should be divorced in a reasonable time. This is to establish the stability of individuals along with lessening the price of social burden. This is not presently embodied in our Korean family divorce law. 6) An imprudent acceptance of the western divorce system into our system has led us to the phenomenon of cultural deferment. The western divorce system is not suitable for our Korean culture. Korean divorce system does not consider the race, family structure, or other cultural peculiarities unique to Korea. For the improvement of the legal system in terms of social surroundings, this dissertation is to examine the problems of divorce policy by focusing on its jurisprudence rather than its theories. This study will serve to broaden the fixed ideas on divorce system, and improving the potential for solutions in our divorce-related problems, by effective human considerations. The legal system should cooperate with social-cultural studies endeavoring to improve law suitable for mediation in divorce related legal actions.

The Cost improvement of system availability by optimum allocation : 最適配置에 의한 系統可用度의 價格改善에 관한 硏究

김만웅 Graduate School Hanyang University 1984 국내석사

The effect of transverse convex surface curvature on turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer

김만웅 University of Ottawa 1996 해외박사

원형봉에 대한 외부 난류경계층류에 있어 수직볼록곡면의 난류열전달에 미 치는 영향과 동심원관에 대한 내부 완전발달 난류유동장에 있어 수직볼록곡면 의 난류열전달에 미치는 영향에 대하여 이론적(해석학적) 및 실험적으로 규명 하였다. 해석학적 결과는 본 논문에서 개발, 제시된 변동 von Karman 상수를 기반으로한 난류모델을 이용하여 도출하였으며, 이를 위하여 모멘툼과 열적 특성을 계산할 수 있는 전산프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한 수치해석을 위하여 표준 2공식 난류모델(κ-ε Model)과 본 연구에서 제시된 개선된 절차를 이용 하여 수행하였다. 계산에서 사용된 열역학적 유체성분은 온도에 무관한 것으 로 가정하였다. 실험연구로서는 원형봉에 대한 외부 난류경계층류에 있어 수직볼록곡면의 난류열전달에 미치는 영향과 동심원관에 대한 내부 완전발달 난류유동장에 있 어 수직볼록곡면의 난류열전달에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험유체로서는 공기를 사용하였으며, 반경비 (Radius Ratio, α=Ri/Ro)를 0. 3으로 고정시키 고 내부봉의 반경(Ri)을 3. 98mm, 8. 57mm 및 16. 7mm에 대해서 Reynolds수 20,0 00에서 60,000에 대해 수행하였다. 내부코아는 봉 전체에 대해서 전기적으로 일정한 열속으로 가열토록 설계되었으며, 온도와 출력을 측정토록 계측기기들 을 장착하였으며, 외부코아에 대해서는 열의 방출이 최소화 되도록 단열을 하 였다. 원형봉에 대한 외부 난류경계층류에 있어 수직볼록곡면의 난류열전달 영향에 대한 실험연구는 Willmarth와 Kim & Lee의 실험결과를 재편집하여 재 평가하였다. 유동장내 마찰계수 및 열전달률에 대한 연구결과 원형봉의 외부 유동에 있어서 원형봉의 반경(Ri)에 대하여, 동심원관내 내부 유동에 있어서 는 내부봉의 반경(Ri)에 대하여 반경이 작을수록 마찰계수 및 열전달률이 증 가되는 경향을 나타냈다. 결론적으로, 수직오목곡면에 있어서 난류유동장 및 열전달계수의 영향은 무시될 수 있으나, 수직볼록곡면에 대해서는 난류유동장 및 열전달계수의 영향이 중요한 요소로 나타났다. 또한 수직볼록곡면형상의 난류유동장 영향을 규명하기 위해 현재 난류유동장연구에서 많이 쓰이고 있는 2공식 난류모델(κ-ε Model)은 동 영향을 규명할 수 없음을 부차적으로 밝혔 다. The effect of transverse convex surface curvature on turbulent boundary layer flow and heat transfer over circuIar cylinders, and on fully developed turbuIent flow and heat transfer in concentric annular ducts with smooth surfaces are studied both analyticalIy and experimentally. The analytical results are obtained through a turbulence model based on the variable von Karman's constants, K proposed for the first time in the present study. A computer program is developed for calculation of the desired momentum and thermal characteristics. A numerical calculation using the standard k-e turbulence model, with a modified procedure is also carried out. It is assumed that the thermodynamic fluid properties are independent of temperature. An experimental study is conducted to study the effect of the transverse convex surface curvature of the core tubes both on fully developed turbulent flows and heat transfer in concentric annular ducts. Air is used as the working fluid. Three annuli having different radii of the inner cores, Ri = 3.98 mm, 8.57 mm, and 16.7 mm, with a fixed radius ratio of a = 0.3, are used over a range of the Reynolds number between about 20,000 and 60,000. The inner cores are heated electrically to provide constant heat fluxes throughout the test sections and are instrumented for the temperature and power measurements. The outer tubes are insulated to minimize the leakage of heat. In the case of the experimental study for turbulent boundary layer flows and heat transfer on circular cylinders, the experimenta data of Willmarth et al. [31] and Kim and Lee [45, 46] are recompiled for the present study. It is seen that both the friction coeffkient and heat transfer increase with decreasing value of the inner core radius of concentric annuli and the radius of circular cylinders, Ri It is concluded that, while the effect of transverse concave curvature on fluid flow and heat transfer is negligible, that of transverse convex curvature is rather significant.