This study examined the change of village Gut for yellow corvina fishery zone islands to figure out the close relation of ecological environment with folk culture and to effect of fishery environment on village Gut as a heritage of transmission founda...
This study examined the change of village Gut for yellow corvina fishery zone islands to figure out the close relation of ecological environment with folk culture and to effect of fishery environment on village Gut as a heritage of transmission foundation.
Before the discussion, the study examined the status of gods of Yeonpyeongdo, Wido and Chujado that are the typical cases of the change shape of village Gut, and summarized the status of transmission of village Gut in a chronological aspect. The transmission status was divided into those before and after the fishery environments in a chronological order.
Secondly, the study analyzed shaman and shaman Gut of Yeonpyeongdo, Wido and Chujado in order to confirm the structure of Shaman Gut as a reflection of sense of realism.
The traditional village Gut was classified as ‘seasonal fishery market type village Gut’ at a time of active fishery activity to form a seasonal fishery market. Recent village Gut was defined as ‘festive village Gut’ by invited female shaman. And then shaman groups and structure of shaman Gut were examined of three regions.
When characteristics were examined, those consisted of prelude that notified Gut to gods, interim for gods and conclusion that had demons and evil spirits eat. Shaman Gut wished big catch of fish by reflecting purpose of Gut and its sense of reality. Yeonpyeongdo Big Catch Gut reflected the change of fishery environment and the awareness of residents toward gods in Gut, and Wido village Gut wished big catch by linking Seonanggut and Yongwangje. Chujado Big Catch Gut wished big catch by expansion of prevention of evils and reinforcing Yongwangju.
Thirdly, by analyzing newspaper articles, the fundamental cause of disappearing yellow corvine lied in the government policy, and it is evidenced that shaman Gut could be deteriorated, sustained or created by the change of fishery environment. The study also examined conflict cases of residents caused by fishery environments and social changes and tasks of village Gut recently performed.
Culture cannot be defined in a tool because various cultural phenomena could take place by different cultural factors in the same environment. While village Gut of Yeonpyeongdo, Wido and Chujado share the common cultural factor of change of fishery environment, it showed different cultural phenomenon. Yeonpyeongdo selected red crab as an alternative fishing species to overcome economic recession. Chujado became rich economically thanks to catch of yellow corvine at Woldongjang. Although Wido seeks economic growth through a fishery farm, it has not given great benefit yet.
The change of fishery environment led to change of village Gut performed based on fishery economy. All three areas performed village Gut by invited female shamans. As for Yeonpyeongdo and Wido, they invited female shamans due to lack of indigenous female shamans. Chujado performed village Gut by inviting shaman outside as the village did not perform village Gut by shaman originally. Yeonpyeongdo invited a female shaman to wish revitalization and economic benefits along with the economic recession and change of fishing species to red crab. Wido invited a female shaman to keep tradition as village Gut was appointed as an important intangible asset. And, Chujado introduced shaman Gut to maximize economic growth along with yellow corvine catch at Woldongjang.
However, village Gut due to changed fishery environment and by invited female shaman leave some tasks. As for Yeonpyeongdo, village Gut is under crisis of suspension despite active fishery activities because of unstable life environment against conflicts with North Korea, village Gut performed by ship owners and planned by the government institution that had residents excluded. Wido has made every effort to keep tradition, but different type of village Gut from that before the appointment of the intangible cultural heritage is performed and there are ceaseless conflicts and troubles between residents to government subsidy for village Gut performance. Although Chujado enjoyed economic growth through yellow corvine, the polarization of economic condition was made because the economic benefit was unevenly concentrated to a village named Daeseo-ri, which caused troubles between residents. Meanwhile, residents of Chujado that had conflicts due to polarization seek cooperation for the common objective of attracting tourists. Villages with less economic benefits intended to make a breakthrough by attracting tourists by means of the village community faith, and villages with concentrated economic benefits performs village Gut at the festival to maximize economic growth through inducing tourists.