한국 아동의 의성어와 의태어 사용 = The Use of Onomatopoeic Language in Korean Children-Caregiver Interactions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Three studies were conducted to examine the use of onomatopoeic and mimetic words and its functions in Korean children. In Study 1, conversations between a Korean child and her care-givers in CHILDES were analyzed. More onomatopoeic and mimetic words were found in their utterances than other languages such as English or Chinese. Onomatopoeic and mimetic words appear to belong to the basic layer of Korean motherese. In Study 2, an experimental situation was set in which children were asked to explain pictures depicting an object or motion for a puppet and a strange adult. The results showed that only mothers used more onomatopoeic and mimetic words to their children than to the adult. Both mothers and children used more onomatopoeic and mimetic words when the pictures depicted a motion rather than an object. Study 3 showed that immigrant mothers used less onomatopoeic and mimetic words than Korean mothers which in turn resulted in lower use of them in children. These results indicate that the frequent use of onomatopoeic language is a characteristic of Korean native CDS. The role of onomatopoeia in the acquisition and development of language was also discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

한국 아동의 의성어와 의태어 사용과 그 기능을 이해하기 위해 3개의 연구를 실시하였다. 연구 1에서는CHILDES 코퍼스를 분석하여 한국어 모어 사용자인 아동과 양육자에서 의성의태어가 많이 사용됨을 확인하였다. 연구 2에서는 실험상황에서 아동과 양육자를 대상으로 청자의 연령에 따른 의성의태어 사용을 분석하였다. 아동은 청자에 따라 의성의태어 사용에 차이를 보이지 않았으나 양육자들은 아동에게 말할 때 의성의태어를 훨씬 더 많이 사용하였다. 또한, 아동과 양육자 모두 사물보다는 동작을 설명하는 상황에서 의성의태어를 많이 사용하였다. 연구 3에서는 한국어를 모국어로 하지 않는 외국인 양육자(다문화가정)의 자료를 수집하였다. 아동과 양육자 사이의 자유 대화에서 외국인 양육자의 의성의태어 사용은 한국인 양육자에 비해 현저하게 낮았으며, 이러한 패턴은 아동의 자료에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 의성의태어가 한국어 모어 화자의 아동지향어의 특징이며 어휘획득 등 언어발달에 중요한 기능을 할 수 있음을 시사한다.

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