Immunophysiology of the gut

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Contrigutors = xvii
• Sponsor's Foreword = xxi
• Foreword = xxiii
• Preface = xxv
• PartⅠ Immunophysiology of the Gut / W. Allan Walker
• 1 Immunological Regulation of Epithelial Function / Gilbert A. Castro
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 7
• Ⅱ. Discovery - Evidence of Immune Regulation of Epithelial Function = 9
• Ⅲ. Integration - "Patterns That Connect" = 12
• Ⅳ. Application - Protection, Reconstruction, Attenuation, and Augmentation of Mucosal Immune Responses = 19
• References = 21
• 2 Mesenchymal - Epithelial Interactions ; The Subepithelial Fibroblastic Sheath as a Paracrine Modulator of Inflammation-Induced Intestinal Secretion / Don W. Powell ; Helen M. Berschneider
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 26
• Ⅱ. The Fibroblastic Sheath = 27
• Ⅲ. Methods = 28
• Ⅳ. Results = 32
• Ⅴ. Discussion = 36
• References = 40
• 3 Immjune Regulation of Intestinal Arechidonic Acid Metabolism : Effects on Intestinal Water and Electrolyte Transport / Eugaene B. Change ; Mark W. Musch
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 43
• Ⅱ. Pathways of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism = 45
• Ⅲ. Immune and Inflammatory Mediators That Stimulate Intestinal Arachidonic Acid Metabolism = 46
• Ⅳ. Cellular Orgin of Stimulated Increases in Arachidonic Acid Matabolites = 48
• Ⅴ. Cellular Mechanisms for Immune Regulations of Arachidonic Acid Release and Metabolism = 49
• Ⅵ. Mechanisms of Action of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Intestinal Secretion = 52
• Ⅴ. Conclusions = 54
• References = 55
• 4 Gastrointestinal Anaphylaxis: Effect on Gastric and Intestinal Function / D. Grant Gall
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 59
• Ⅱ. Animal Model = 60
• Ⅲ. The Gastric Response to Mucosal Anaphylaxis = 60
• Ⅳ. Intestinal Response to Acute Anaphylaxis = 63
• Ⅴ. Intestinal Response to Chronic Anaphylaxis = 65
• Ⅵ. Summary = 68
• References = 68
• 5 Acute and Chronic Control of Colonic Chloride Secretion by Mast Cell Mediators / Kim E. Barrett
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 71
• Ⅱ. Acute Effects of Mast Cell Mediators on T$$_{84}$$ Cells = 73
• Ⅲ. Chronic Effects of Mast Cell Mediators on T$$_{84}$$ Cells = 76
• Ⅳ. Implications for Inflammatory Diarrhea = 78
• Reference = 81
• Part Ⅱ Lymphokines and Mucosal Immune Function / Barry K. Wershil
• 6 Cytokines and Immune Regulation: An Overview / Barry K. Wershil ; Warren Strober
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 87
• Ⅱ. The Regulation of lgE and lgG$$_{1}$$ Antibody Production = 88
• Ⅲ. Cytokine Production by T-Cell Subsets = 90
• Ⅳ. The Regulation of lgA Production = 92
• Ⅴ. Conclusions = 94
• References = 95
• 7 Antigen - Independent and Antigen-Dependent Development of Mucosal Immunity and Hypersensitivity / Thomas T. Macdonald
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 99
• Ⅱ. Antigen-Independent Development of the Mucosal Immune System in the Human fetus = 100
• Ⅲ. Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Intestinal Mucosa Using Explants of Fetal Gut = 104
• Ⅳ. Activated T Cells in Intestinal Diseases = 106
• References = 108
• 8 Interferon-γ and Class Ⅱ Antigen Expression on Enterocytes / Lloyd Mayer
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 111
• Ⅱ. Expression of Class Ⅱ Antigens on Intestinal Enterocytes = 112
• References = 117
• 9 Modeling the Intestinal Crypt Abscess - A Characteristic Lesion of Acute Intestinal Inflammation / James L. Madara ; Shirin Nash ; Charies Parkos
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 119
• Ⅱ. Model Intestinal Epithelium = 120
• Ⅲ. Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte transmigration Across T$$_{84}$$ Monolayers = 120
• Ⅳ. The Crypt Abscess = 125
• Ⅴ. Summary = 126
• References = 126
• 10 Role of Lymphokines in Function of Gastrointestinal Mucosal T Cells / Stephen P. James ; Martin Zeitz ; Gerard E. Mullin ; Lorenz Braun-Elwert
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 129
• Ⅱ. Cell Surface Glycoprotein Expressed by Mucosal T Cells = 130
• Ⅲ. Lymphokine Procuction by Mucosal T Cells in Vitro = 131
• Ⅳ. Lymphokine Utilization by Mucosal T Cells In Vitro = 132
• Ⅴ. Immunoregulatory Function of Lntestinal T Cells in Vitro = 133
• Ⅵ. Evidence of Lymphokine Production in Responce to Specific Antigens = 135
• Ⅶ. T-Cell Lymphokine mRNA Expression in Vivo in Normal and Inflamed Intestinal Mucosa = 136
• Ⅷ. Implications of Mucosal T-Cell Lymphokine Production = 138
• References = 141
• 11 Cytokine Production in the Gastrointestinal Tract during Inflammation / Toshihiro Matsuura ; Claudio Flocchi
• Ⅰ. The Cytokine Network = 145
• Ⅱ. Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Cytokines = 147
• Ⅲ. Interleukin 1 = 148
• Ⅳ. Interleukin 2 = 150
• Ⅴ. Interleukin 2 Receptor = 154
• Ⅵ. Interferon-$$\gamma$$ = 156
• Ⅶ. Interleukin 4 = 158
• Ⅷ. Cytokines in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease = 160
• References = 161
• Part Ⅲ Endocrine Effects on Mucosal Immune Function / David A. Sullivan
• 12 Neuroimmune Interactions in the Regulation of Mucosal Immunity / John Bienenstock
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 171
• Ⅱ. Neuroimmune Regulation = 172
• Ⅲ. Mast Cells and Nerves = 174
• Ⅳ. Nerve Growth Factor = 177
• Ⅴ. Neuronal Remodeling during Inflammation = 178
• Ⅵ. Summary = 179
• References = 180
• 13 Sex Hormone, Glucocorticoid, and Cytokine Regulation of Mucosal Immunity: Hormonal Influences on Antibody Levels and AntigenPresentation in the Female Genital Tract / Charles R. Wira ; Rao H. Prabhala
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 184
• Ⅱ. Hormonal Regulation of Antibodies in Uterine and Cervicovaginal Secretions = 186
• Ⅲ. Effect of Glucocorticoids on Mucosal Immunity = 190
• Ⅳ. Influence of Antigen and Interferon-$$\gamma$$ on Secretory Component and IgA in the Rat Uterus = 194
• Ⅴ. Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ⅱ Expression and Antigen Presentation by Epithelial and Stormal Cells from the Rat Uterus = 195
• Ⅵ. Conclusions = 200
• References = 201
• 14 Enteric Neuroimmune Interactions / Jackie D. Wood
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 207
• Ⅱ. Enteric Neuroimmune Communication = 209
• Ⅲ. Responces of Enteric Neurons to Immune Signals = 215
• Ⅳ. Neuronal Behavior in the Sensitized Intestine = 220
• Ⅴ. Clinical Implications of Neuroimmune Communication = 223
• References = 225
• 15 Neuroimmune Amplification and Inhibition of Mucosal Function / D. M. Mckay ; S. E. Crowe ; M. Benjamin ; S. Masson ; U. Kosecka-Janiszewska ; K. Williams ; M. H. Perdue
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 229
• Ⅱ. Methods = 231
• Ⅲ. Results and Discussion = 232
• Ⅳ. Conclusions = 238
• References = 239
• PartⅣ Nutrition and Mucosal Host Defense / John Walker-Smith
• 16 Breast Milk: Role In Neonatal Host Defense / L. $$\aA$$ Hanson ; R. N. Ashraf ; M. Hahn-Zoric ; B. Carolsson ; V. H$$\acute{e}$$rias ; U. Wiedermann ; U. Dahlgren ; C. Motas ; I. Mattsby-Baltzer ; T. Gonzalis-Cossio ; J. R. Cruz ; J. Karlberg ; B. S. Lindblad ; F. Jalil
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 248
• Ⅱ. Qualities and Capacities of Human Milk in Host Defence = 248
• Ⅲ. Breast-Feeding of the Neonate in Different Populations = 253
• Ⅳ. The Effects of Breast-Feeding on the Neonate = 259
• Ⅴ. Conclusions = 263
• References = 264
• 17 Milk-Borne Peptide Growth Factors in Human and Bovine Milk / O. Koldovsk$$\acute{y}$$ ; W. Kong ; R. K. Rao ; P. Schaudies
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 269
• Ⅱ. Hormonally Active Peptides in Human and Bovine Milk = 270
• Ⅲ. Fate of Milk-Borne Growth Factors in the Neonate = 270
• Ⅳ. Conclusions = 282
• References = 288
• 18 The Serologic and Mucosal Immunologic Basis of Celiac Disease / Per Brandtzaeg ; Trond S. Halstensen ; Mette Hvatun ; Dag Kvale ; Helge Scott
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 195
• Ⅱ. Normal Features of Mucosal Immunity = 296
• Ⅲ. Immunopathologic Features of Celiac Disease = 306
• Ⅳ. Putative Immunopathologic Mechanisms in Celiac Disease = 319
• Ⅴ. Summary = 324
• References = 325
• 19 Food Allergy - Role of Mucosal Immune Regulation and Oral Tolernce: Facts, Fiction, And Hypotheses / Stephan Strogel
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 336
• Ⅱ. Genetic Influences = 337
• Ⅲ. Lumenal Factors Involved in Gastrointestinal Immunoregulation = 337
• Ⅳ. Immunological Consequences of Antigen Presentation to the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues = 339
• Ⅴ. The Role of the Enterocyte in Antigen Presentation = 341
• Ⅵ. Regulatory T-Lymphocyte Subsets in the Lamina Propria and Intestinal Epithelium = 344
• Ⅶ. T-Lymphocyte Effectors in Muring Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues After Antigen Exposure = 345
• Ⅷ. Intestinal Antigen Exposure via Breast Milk = 347
• Ⅸ. Control of IgE Responses = 348
• Ⅹ. Oral Antigen Administration in the Neonatal Period and Subsequent Immune Response = 349
• XI. Antibody Transfer via Breast Milk = 351
• XII. Possible Clinical Consequences of Breakdown of Mucosal Immunoregulation = 351
• XIII. Oral Tolerance and Autoimmunity = 354
• XIV. Conclusion = 354
• References = 357
• Part Ⅴ Effects of Cutritional Factors and the Microenvironment on Mucosal Immune Function / Richard P. Macdermott
• 20 Effect of Intestinal Microenvironment on Mucosal Immune Response to Viruses / Rebecca Abraham ; Pearay L. Ogra
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 373
• Ⅱ. Changes in the Natural Environment of the Gut = 374
• Ⅲ. Immunological Effects of the Intestinal Microenvironment = 380
• Ⅳ. Conclusion = 385
• References = 386
• 21 Nutritional Deficiencies and Intestinal Mucosal Immunity / Ranjit Kumar Chandra ; Manju Wadhwa
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 389
• Ⅱ. Immune Responses in Protein-Energy Malnutrition = 390
• Ⅲ. Selected Nutrient Deficiencies = 393
• Ⅳ. Mucosal Immunity = 394
• Ⅴ. Parctical Significance = 399
• References = 399
• 22 Enteric versus Parenteral Feeding and Mucosal Function / Susan S. Baker ; Rovert D. Baker
• Ⅰ. Introduction = 401
• Ⅱ. Bacterial Translocation = 402
• Ⅲ. Lumenal Contents = 404
• Ⅳ. Nutritional Factors = 408
• Ⅴ. Regulation = 409
• Ⅵ. Summary = 411
• References = 412
• Summary, Conclusions, and Future Projections / Kurt J. Bloch ; Paul R. Harmats = 415
• Index = 433