Gastro-enterology--General index ..

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• SECTION Ⅶ THE LIVER
• CHAPTEP LXXVIII Anatomy and Physiology of the Liver / Henry J. Tumen = 1
• Anatomy of the Liver = 1
• General Description = 1
• The Capsule and Supporting Framework of the Liver = 2
• The Blood Supply of the Liver = 2
• The Liver Lobule = 6
• Physiology of the Liver = 13
• The EfFect of Hepatectomy = 13
• Outline of the Functions of the Liver = 13
• Formation and Excretion of Bile = 15
• Composition of Bile and Physiology of Bile Flow = 15
• Formation and Functions i the Bile Salts = 17
• Metabolism of Bilirubin and Its Derivatives = 23
• Metabolic Functions of the Liver = 30
• The Liver and Carbohydrate Metabolism = 30
• The Liver and Protein Metbolism = 33
• The Liver and Lipid Metabolism = 37
• The Function of the Liver in the Utilization of Vitamin K and the Manufacture of Prothrombin = 42
• Blood Coagulation and Prothrombin = 43
• Vitamin K = 43
• Causes of Hypoprothrombinemia = 45
• Bibliography = 47
• CHARTER LXXIX Hepatic Anomalies - Abnormalities in Position and Form / Herry J. Tumen) = 56
• Hepatoptosis = 56
• Other Types of Hepatic Displacement and Malposition = 58
• Deformities of the Liver = 59
• Bibliography = 61
• CHAPTER LXXX Diagnostic Laboratory Methods Applicable to the Study of Liver Function and Disease : Liver Function Tests, X-ray Study of the Liver and Aspiration Biopsy / Henry J. Tumen = 62
• Liver Function Tests = 62
• Introduction = 62
• Classification = 65
• Tests Based upon the Metabolism of Bilirubin and Its Products = 66
• The Determination of the Bilirubin Content of the Blood = 66
• The Bilirubin Excretion Test = 71
• Urobilinogen Determination = 72
• Tests Based on the Excretion of Foreign Substances(Dyes) = 76
• The Bromsulfalein Test = 76
• Tests Based upon Phases of Carbohydrate Metabolism = 78
• The Galactose Tolerance Test = 78
• Other Tests of Carbohydrate Metabolic Activity = 80
• Tests Based on Phases of Protein Metabolism = 81
• The Concentration of Plasma Proteins in Liver Disease = 81
• Amino-Acid Tolerance Tests = 81
• The Takata-Ara Reaction = 82
• The Colloidal Gold Reaction = 82
• The Cephalin-Cholesterol Flocculation Test = 83
• Blood Prothrombin Concentration and the Response to Vitamin K Therapy = 85
• The Blood Cholesterol and Cholesterol Esters = 86
• Hippuric Acid Test = 89
• Blood Phosphatase Determination = 91
• Conclusions Concerning the Value of Liver Function Tests = 92
• The Recognition of Latent Liver Disease = 92
• The Differential Diagnosis of Symptoms of Possible Hepatic Origin = 93
• The Differential Diagnosis of Jaundice = 93
• The Detection of Liver Injury Secondary to Biliary Obstruction = 94
• Following the Course of Jaundice and Measuring Its Fluctuations = 94
• Detecting Residual Liver Damage and Continued Activity of Hepatic Disease = 94
• X-ray Study of the Liver - Thorotrast ; Iodine Preparations = 95
• Aspiration Biopsy = 98
• Bibliography = 98
• CHAPTER LXXXI The Pathogenesis and Classification of Jaundice / Henry J. Tumen = 103
• The Pathogenesis of Jaundice = 108
• The Classification of Jaundice = 106
• Bibliography = 109
• CHAPTER LXXXII Hemolytic Jaundice / Henry J. Tumen = 110
• Classification = 110
• Pathogenesis of the Hemolytic Syndromes = 111
• Congenital Hemolytic Jaundice = 116
• History = 116
• Etiology = 117
• Pathology = 117
• Symptoms and Clinical Course = 118
• Laboratory Features = 120
• Diagnosis = 122
• Treatment = 124
• Prognosis = 126
• Bibliography = 126
• CHAPTER LXXXIII Hepatocellular Jaundice - Acute and Subacute Hepatitis / Henry J. Tumen = 130
• Etiology and Classification = 130
• Conditions Acting as Predisposing Factors in Development of Hepatocellular Jaundice = 131
• Catarrhal Jaundice = 132
• Definition = 133
• History = 133
• Terminology = 133
• Etiology = 134
• Pathology = 136
• Clinical Features = 137
• Laboratory Features = 138
• Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis = 139
• Treatment = 140
• Prognosis = 140
• Epidemic Jaundice = 143
• Homologous Serum Jaundice and Jaundice Following Vaccination against Yellow Fever = 144
• Leptospirosis Icterohaemorrhagica / Weil's Disease = 147
• Etiology = 147
• Pathology = 148
• Clinical Features = 149
• Diagnosis = 150
• Treatment = 151
• Prognosis = 151
• Jaundice Due to Chemicals = 159
• Arsenical Hepatitis = 153
• Bismuth Hepatitis = 159
• Jaundice Following the Use of Sulfonamides = 160
• Cinchophen Hepatitis = 163
• Acute Necrosis(Acute Yellow Atrophy) and Subacute Necrosis of the Liver = 167
• Incidence = 168
• Etiology = 168
• Pathology = 170
• Clinical Features = 172
• Laboratory Features = 174
• Differential Diagnosis = 176
• Treatment = 177
• Prognosis = 178
• Bibliography = 179
• CHAPTER LXXXIV Obstructive Jaundice / Henry J. Tumen = 185
• Causes of Obstructive Jaundice = 185
• Pathology = 186
• Pathologic Physiology = 189
• Clinical Features = 191
• Laboratory Features = 193
• Differential Diagnosis of Jaundice = 197
• Complications = 198
• Treatment = 201
• Bibliography = 204
• CHAPTER LXXXV Ascites / Maurice Mensh ; Roland W. Banks = 207
• Anatomic Considerations = 207
• Pathologic Physiology = 208
• Causes of Ascites = 208
• Inflammation = 208
• Venous Obstruction = 209
• Lymphatic Obstruction = 209
• Plasma Albumin Deficit = 209
• Ruptured Viscus = 210
• Diseases Associated with Ascites = 210
• Diagnosis of Ascites = 211
• History = 211
• Physical Examination = 211
• Character of Ascitic Fluid = 213
• Roentgen-Ray Studies = 214
• Peritoneoscopy = 215
• Ascites versus Other Causes of Abdominal Distention = = 215
• Differential Diagnosis of Diseases Associated with Ascites = 216
• Treatment of Ascites = 220
• General Measures = 220
• Diuretics = 220
• Paracentesis = 221
• Operative Procedures = 221
• Prognosis = 222
• Bibliography = 222
• CHAPTER LXXXVI Diseases of the Hepatic Blood Vessels and Cruveilhier-Baum-garten Syndrome = 224
• Diseases of the Hepatic Artery = 224
• Aneurysm of the Hepatic Artery = 224
• Occlusion of the Hepatic Artery = 226
• Arteriosclerosis = 227
• Periarteritis Nodosa = 227
• Enlargement of the Hepatic Artery = 227
• Hepatic Infarcts = 228
• Diseases of the Hepatic Veins = 229
• Occlusion = 230
• Chronic Periphlebitis and Endophlebitis of the Hepatic Veins = 232
• Suppurative Phlebitis of the Hepatic Veins = 232
• Diseases of the Portal Vein = 232
• Thrombosis of the Portal Vein(Pylethrombosis, Adhesive Pylephlebitis, Portal Thrombophlebitis) = 232
• Suppurative Pylephlebitis(Pylephlebitic Abscess of the Liver, Portal Pyemia) = 239
• Other Affections of the Portal Vein = 246
• Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome = 247
• Bibliography = 249
• CHAPTER LXXXVⅡ Specific Infections of the Liver - Syphilis, Tuberculosis and Actinomycosis = 251
• Syphilis of the Liver = 251
• Classification = 251
• Congenital Syphilis of the Liver = 252
• Congenital Hepatic Syphilis in Infants = 252
• Late or Delayed Congenital Syphilis of the Liver = 254
• Cirrhosis of the Liver in Association with Congenital Syphilis = 255
• Hepatic Lesions during the Secondary Stage of Acquired Syphilis = 255
• Benign Jaundice = 255
• Severe Hepatitis and Acute Hepatic Necrosis = 256
• Tertiary Hepatic Lesions of Syphilis = 257
• Incidence = 257
• Pathology = 258
• Clinical Features = 259
• Diagnosis of Tertiary Hepatic Syphilis = 263
• Treatment = 264
• Prognosis = 266
• Tuberculosis of the Liver and Bile Ducts = 266
• Miliary Tuberculosis of the Liver = 266
• Local Tuberculosis of the Liver = 267
• Tuberculous Pericholangitis = 267
• Massive Caseous Tuberculosis = 267
• Tuberculous Abscesses = 267
• Nonspecific Liver Changes Associated with Tuberculosis = 268
• Cirrhosis of the Liver and Tuberculosis = 268
• Actinomycosis of the Liver = 269
• Incidence = 269
• Pathology = 269
• Clinical Features = 269
• Treatment = 269
• Prognosis = 270
• Bibliography = 270
• CHAPTER LXXXVIII Parasitic Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract = 271
• Protozoal Infections = 271
• Giardiasis = 271
• Balantidiasis = 271
• Other Protozoal Infections = 272
• Roundworm Infestation(Nemathelminthiasis) = 272
• Ascariasis = 272
• Strongyloidosis = 273
• Tapeworm Infestation = 273
• Trematodiasis(Distomiasis) = 273
• Schistosomiasis(Bilharziasis) = 273
• Hepatic Trematodiasis = 274
• Coccidiosis = 276
• Coccidium Cuniculi(Eimeria Stiedae Infection) = 276
• Isospora Hominis(Isospora Bigemina Infection) = 276
• Bibliography = 276
• CHAPTER LXXXIX Nonamebic Abscess of the Liver - Pyogenic Abscess of the Liver = 278
• Etiology and Classification of Nonamebic Abscess of the Liver = 278
• Infection via the Portal Vein = 279
• Infection via the Hepatic Artery = 279
• Infection via the Hepatic Vein = 279
• Infection via the Biliary Channels = 280
• Infection from Contiguous Structures or via the Lymphatics = 280
• Abscess Due to Trauma = 280
• Infectious and Parasitic Diseases = 280
• Primary or Idiopathic Abscess of the Liver = 281
• Bacteriology and Pathology = 281
• Bacteriology = 281
• Pathology = 283
• Clinical Features = 283
• Incidence = 283
• Age, Sex and Race = 283
• Symptomatology = 284
• Physical Findings = 285
• Laboratory Findings = 285
• Roentgen-Ray Features = 286
• Diagnosis = 287
• Multiple Abscess versus Single Abscess = 287
• Amebic versus Single Pyogenic Abscess = 287
• Subdiaphragmatic versus Hepatic Abscess = 288
• Hepatic Abscess versus Gallbladder and Bile Duct Diseases = 288
• Pneumonia versus Hepatic Abscess = 289
• Complications = 289
• Treatment = 290
• Incision and Drainage = 290
• Hepatectomy = 291
• Prognosis = 291
• Bibliography = 291
• CHAPTER XC Cirrhosis of the Liver / Henry J. Tumen = 293
• Introduction = 293
• History = 293
• Definition = 294
• Classification = 295
• Etiology = 296
• Chemicals = 297
• Infections = 299
• Metabolic and Endocrine Disturbances = 301
• Constitutional Factors = 301
• Chronic Passive Congestion = 301
• Biliary Obstruction = 302
• Splenic Disease = 302
• Antecedent Acute Liver Disease = 302
• Nutritional Factors = 303
• Summary = 304
• Pathogenesis = 304
• Pathology = 306
• Statistical Features = 308
• Incidence = 308
• Age Distribution = 308
• Sex Distribution = 309
• Racial Incidence = 309
• Occupation = 309
• Incidence of the Various Form of Cirrhosis = 309
• Clinical Features = 309
• Latency = 309
• Initial Symptoms = 310
• Ascites = 311
• Collateral Circulation = 311
• Jaundice = 313
• The Size of the Liver = 313
• Splenic Enlargement = 314
• Skin Lesions = 314
• Other Clinical Features = 315
• The General Appearance of the Patient = 316
• Laboratory Features = 317
• Special Diagnostic Procedures = 318
• Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis = 318
• Complications = 320
• Causes of Death in Cirrhosis = 399
• Treatment = 322
• Diet = 322
• Vitamin Supplements = 323
• Amino Acids = 323
• The Treatment of Ascites = 324
• The Treatment of Bleeding Esophageal Varices = 325
• Hepatic Coma = 326
• Prognosis = 326
• Bibliography = 328
• CHAPTER XCI Hemochromatosis / J. Edward Berk = 333
• Etiology = 333
• Pathology = 334
• Clinical Features = 336
• Laboratory Findings = 337
• Diagnosis = 338
• Complications = 339
• Treatment = 339
• Prognosis = 340
• Bibliography = 340
• CHAPTER XCII Perihepatitis and Constrictive Pericarditis / Maurice Mensh ; Roland W. Banks = 342
• Acute Perihepatitis = 342
• Etiology = 342
• Pathology = 342
• Clinical Features = 342
• Diagnosis = 343
• Treatment = 343
• Acute Gonococcal Perihepatitis = 343
• Etiology = 343
• Pathology = 344
• Clinical Features = 344
• Laboratory Findings = 345
• Treatment = 345
• Prognosis = 345
• Chronic Perihepatitis = 345
• Localized Chronic Perihepatitis = 345
• Universal Chronic Perihepatitis = 346
• Constrictive Pericarditis(Pick's Syndrome) = 349
• Etiology = 350
• Pathology = 350
• Diagnosis = 350
• Treatment = 351
• Bibliography = 351
• CHAPTER XCIII Primary Tumors and Cysts of the Liver(J. Edward Berk) = 353
• Benign Tumors of the Liver = 353
• Classification and Incidence = 353
• Etiology = 353
• Pathology = 353
• Clinical Features = 354
• X-ray Findings = 355
• Diagnosis = 355
• Treatment = 356
• Complications = 356
• Prognosis = 356
• Primary Malignant Tumors of the Liver = 357
• Classification and Incidence = 357
• Etiology = 358
• Pathology = 360
• Clinical Features of Carcinoma = 365
• Clinical Features of Sarcoma = 367
• Laboratory and Other Diagnostic Procedures = 367
• Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis = 368
• Treatment = 369
• Complications and Prognosis = 370
• Cysts of the Liver = 370
• Echinococcal Cysts = 370
• Nonparasitic Cysts = 375
• Bibliography = 377
• CHAPTER XCIV Metabolic Diseases of the Liver / H. L. Bockus ; J. Frederick Monaghan = 380
• Glycogen Disease(von Gierke's Disease, Hepato［Nephro］ megalia Glycogenica) = 380
• Pathology = 381
• Etiology and Pathogenesis = 382
• Clinical Aspects = 383
• Diagnosis = 384
• Treatment and Prognosis = 385
• Fatty Liver = 395
• Etiology = 386
• Pathology = 387
• Clinical Features = 388
• Diagnosis = 389
• Treatment = 389
• Prognosis = 390
• The Liver in Diabetes Mellitus = 390
• Hepatomegaly and Fatty Liver = 390
• The Lipidoses = 392
• Gaucher's Diseases(Metaplastic Reticular and Histiocytic Cerebrosidosis = 392
• Niemann-Pick Disease(Phosphatid Lipoidosis, Metaplastic Reticular and Histiocytic Sphingomyelinosis) = 394
• Xanthomatosis Involving the Liver = 395
• Amyloid Disease = 404
• Etiology = 404
• Pathology = 404
• Clinical Features = 405
• Laboratory Features = 405
• Prognosis and Treatment = 406
• Bibliography = 406
• CHAPTER XCV The Influence of Thyroid Disease on the Liver - The Liver in Hodgkin's Disease - Leukemic Infiltration of the Liver / H. L. Bockus ; J. Frederick Monaghan = 410
• The Influence of Thyroid Disease on the Liver = 410
• Pathogenesis of Hepatic Change in Thyroid Affections = 410
• Clinical Phenomena = 418
• The Liver in Hodgkin's Disease = 419
• Pathology = 419
• Clinical Features = 420
• Treatment = 420
• Leukemic Infiltration of the Liver = 420
• Pathology = 420
• Clinical Features = 421
• Diagnosis and Treatment = 421
• Bibliography = 421
• SECTION Ⅷ AFFECTIONS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS
• CHAPTER XCVI Anatomy and Physiology of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts / Maurice M. Rothman = 424
• Applied Anatomy of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts = 424
• Structure of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts = 425
• Histologic Features of the Gallbladder = 428
• Blood Supply to the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts = 429
• Lymphatic System of the Gallbladder = 430
• Nerve Supply to the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts = 432
• Physiology of the Gallbladder = 433
• The Nature and Secretion of Bile = 433
• Mechanism of Concentration of Bile by the Gallbladder = 435
• Absorption from the Gallbladder = 435
• Secretions of the Gallbladder = 437
• Motor Activity of the Gallbladder = 438
• Pressure Regulator Mechanism of the Gallbladder = 438
• Proof of Emptying Function of the Gallbladder = 438
• Role of Innervation of the Gallbladder and Sphincters = 439
• Types of Motion of the Gallbladder = 441
• Factors Which Influence Evacuation of the Gallbladder = 443
• Summary = 451
• Bibliography = 452
• CHAPTER XCVII Anomalies and Congenital Abnormalities of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts / Maurice M. Rothman = 455
• Embryologic Consideration = 455
• Anomalies of the Gallbladder = 457
• Phrygian Cap("Phrygische Mutze," "Spitzendivertikel") = 457
• Double Gallbladder = 458
• Bilobed Gallbladder(Vesicae Felleae Divisa) = 459
• Trabecular Gallbladder = 459
• Gallbladder Diverticulum = 460
• Pseudodiverticulum of the Gallbladder = 460
• Rudimentary Gallbladder = 460
• Hour-Glass Gallbladder = 460
• Malposition of the Gallbladder = 460
• Absence of the Gallbladder(Agenesis) = 462
• Miscellaneous Anomalies = 462
• Anomalies and Abnormalities of the Common Bile Duct = 463
• Malposition and Reduplication of the Common Duct = 463
• Choledochus Cyst(Congenital Cystic Dilation of the Common Duct) = 463
• Anomalies Common to All Ducts = 464
• Congenital Obstruction and Agenesis of the Bile Ducts = 464
• Variations in the Cystic Duct = 464
• Accessory Bile Ducts = 464
• Anomalies of the Blood Vessels = 465
• Variation in the Distribution of the Arteries = 465
• Varices of the Gallbladder = 465
• Bibliography = 465
• CHAPTER XCVIII Diagnostic Procedures in the Study of Affections of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts = 467
• Duodenal Drainage of the Biliary Tract = 469
• Historical Data = 469
• Technic of Examination = 471
• Preparation = 471
• Equipment = 471
• Procedure = 471
• The Use of Stimulating Solutions = 472
• Technic of Bile Culture = 473
• Examination of the Bile = 474
• Examination of the Duodenal Residuum = 474
• Examination of the Bile Obtained after Stimulation = 476
• Bacteriologic Examination = 481
• Diagnostic Value of Duodenal Drainage = 482
• Gallbladder Affections = 482
• Choledocholithiasis = 484
• Symptoms Occurring after Gallbladder Operations = 484
• Diagnosis of Jaundice = 484
• Hepatic Cirrhosis = 485
• Infection within the Biliary Channels = 485
• Pancreatic Disease = 485
• Detection of Carriers = 486
• Roentgenologic Examination of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts = 486
• Historical Data = 486
• Simple Roentgenography(Plain, Flat or Scout Films) = 487
• Importance of the Roentgen-Ray Examination of the Alimentary Tract in the Study of the Gallbladder = 491
• Cholecystography = 491
• Principles Underlying the Visualization of the Gallbladder = 491
• Oral Cholecystography = 495
• Intravenous Cholecystography = 499
• Oral versus Intravenous Administration of the Dye = 501
• The Value of Cholecystography = 502
• Combined Cholecystography and Opaque Meal Study of the Gastro-intestinal Tract = 506
• Cholangiography = 507
• Opaque Media = 507
• Immediate Cholangiography = 507
• Delayed Cholangiography = 508
• Cholangiography by Injection of Radiopaque Substances into External Biliary Fistulas = 509
• Interpretation of Cholangiograms = 509
• Other Laboratory Aids = 512
• Liver Function Tests = 512
• Pancreatic Function Test = 512
• Examination of the Blood = 513
• Urinalysis = 514
• Fecal Analysis = 514
• Bibliography = 515
• CHAPTER XCIX Functional Disorders of Bile Flow(Biliary Dyssynergia, Biliary Dyskinesia) / Maurice M. Rothman = 519
• Historical Data = 520
• The Physiology of Bile Flow = 521
• Classification and Etiology of Functional Disorders of Bile Flow = 523
• Clinical Features = 527
• Treatment of Biliary Dyssynergia = 529
• Bibliography = 530
• CHAPTER C Acute Cholecystitis - Torsion of the Gallbladder - Acute Free Perforation of the Gallbladder - Bile Peritonitis / J. Edward Berk = 533
• Acute Cholecystitis = 533
• Etiology = 534
• Pathology = 536
• Clinical Features = 537
• Complications = 543
• Diagnosis = 544
• Treatment = 546
• Prognosis = 551
• Torsion of the Gallbladder = 552
• Incidence = 552
• Etiology = 552
• Pathology = 552
• Clinical Features = 553
• Diagnosis = 553
• Treatment = 554
• Prognosis = 554
• Acute Free Perforation of the Gallbladder = 554
• Incidence = 554
• Etiology = 554
• Pathology = 555
• Clinical Features = 555
• Diagnosis = 556
• Treatment = 556
• Prognosis = 557
• Bile Peritonitis = 557
• Incidence = 557
• Etiology = 557
• Pathology = 558
• Clinical Features = 559
• Diagnosis = 560
• Treatment = 560
• Prognosis = 560
• Bibliography = 560
• CHAPTER CI Chronic Noncalculous Cholecystitis = 565
• Pathogenesis = 566
• Pathology = 571
• Clinical Features = 571
• Diagnosis = 573
• Treatment = 573
• Bibliography = 577
• CHAPTER CII Cholelithiasis-Milk of Calcium Bile-Persistence of Symptoms after Gallbladder Operation / H. L. Bockus ; Daniel L. Dozzi = 578
• Cholelithiasis = 578
• Remarks on the Etiology of Gallstones= 578
• Disturbed Cholesterol Metabolism and Other Metabolic Factors = 578
• The Bile Acid-Cholesterol Ratio and Chemistry of Bile = 581
• Other Local Influences = 583
• Classification and Composition of Gallstones = 587
• Classification = 587
• Variations in Composition of Gallstones Following Cystic Duct Obstruction = 593
• Other Data Bearing on the Pathological Process in Gallstone Disease = 594
• Clinical Features = 594
• Incidence = 594
• Symptoms = 595
• Physical Findings = 600
• Laboratory Aids = 601
• X-ray = 601
• Duodenal Drainage of the Biliary Tract = 601
• Examination of the Feces = 601
• Other Laboratory Aids = 602
• Diagnosis = 602
• Differential Diagnosis = 603
• Complications and Associated Disease = 605
• Treatment = 607
• Prophylaxis = 607
• Surgical Treatment = 608
• Medical Treatment = 612
• Milk of Calcium Bile(Limey Bile) = 615
• The Persistence of Symptoms after Gallbladder Operation = 616
• Erroneous Preoperative Diagnosis = 617
• Organic Conditions Affecting the Bile Ducts = 617
• Disease or Inflammation of the Cystic Duct Remnmt = 618
• Adhesions Involving the Duodenum or Stomach = 619
• Hepatitis, Cholangitis and Pancreatitis = 619
• Removal of the Functioning Gallbladder = 619
• Biliary Dyssynergia = 620
• Symptoms Following Cholecystostomy = 622
• Diet Schedule for Patients with Cholelithiasis = 621
• Bibliography = 622
• CHAPTER CIII Cholesterosis of the Gallbladder / Daniel L. Dozzi ; H. L. Bockus = 626
• Clinical Features = 626
• Laboratory Findings = 627
• Diagnosis = 628
• Treatment = 628
• Bibliography = 629
• CHAPTER CIV Tumors of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts = 631
• Benign Tumors of the Gallbladder = 631
• Types of Benign Tumor = 631
• Clinical Features = 638
• Treatment = 633
• Primary Carcinoma of the Gallbladder = 633
• Incidence = 633
• Etiology = 634
• Pathology = 635
• Complications = 637
• Clinical Features = 638
• Diagnosis = 640
• Treatment and Prognosis = 640
• Secondary Carcinoma of the Gallbladder = 641
• Primary Sarcoma of the Gallbladder = 641
• Benign Tumors of the Bile Ducts = 642
• Primary Malignant Tumors of the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts = 642
• Incidence = 649
• Etiology = 643
• Pathology = 643
• Clinical Manifestations = 645
• Laboratory Findings = 646
• Diagnosis = 646
• Treatment and Prognosis = 647
• Bibliography = 647
• CHAPTER CV Choledocholithiasis / J. Edward Berk = 650
• Incidence = 650
• Pathogenesis = 650
• Pathology = 651
• Clinical Features = 652
• Age and Sex = 652
• History = 652
• Symptoms and Signs = 653
• Clinical Variations = 654
• Laboratory Findings = 655
• Blood Studies = 655
• Urine and Fecal Analysis = 655
• Nonsurgical Bile Drainage = 656
• Liver and Pancreatic Function Tests = 656
• X-ray Features Including Cholangiography = 656
• Diagnosis = 658
• Diagnostic Features = 658
• Surgical Exploration = 658
• Differential Diagnosis = 660
• Complications = 660
• Treatment = 661
• Medical Treatment = 661
• Surgical Treatment = 662
• Prognosis = 665
• Effect of Ductal Exploration on Morbidity and Mortality = 665
• Factors Influencing Prognosis = 665
• Postoperative Complications = 665
• Results = 666
• Bibliography = 666
• CHAPTER CVI Acute and Chronic Cholangitis = 671
• Pathogenesis = 671
• Classification = 675
• Acute Catarrhal Cholangitis = 675
• Suppurative or Purulent Cholangitis = 676
• Etiology = 676
• Pathology = 677
• Clinical Features = 678
• Treatment = 679
• Prognosis = 680
• Chronic Cholangitis(Chronic Infective Cholangitis) = 680
• Cholangitis Secondary to Fistulous Communication between the Biliary and Alimentary Tracts = 681
• Chronic Idiopathic(?) Hyperbilirubinemia(Latent Jaundice) = 681
• Chronic Benign Icterus Associated with Infection of the Bile Ducts = 682
• Cholangitis Lenta = 684
• Obliterative Cholangiolitis(Chronic Intrahepatic Obliterating Cholangitis) = 685
• Comments = 686
• Bibliography = 687
• CHAPTER CVII Acquired Benign Stricture of the Bile Ducts = 688
• Primary Inflammatory Stricture = 688
• Stricture Associated with Choledocholithiasis = 689
• Postoperative or Traumatic Stricture = 690
• Clinical Features = 691
• Treatment of Acquired Benign Stricture of the Bile Duct = 694
• Bibliography = 690
• CHAPTER CVIII Biliary Fistulas - Rupture of Bile Ducts with Free Peritonitis = 698
• Biliary Fistulas = 698
• Spontaneous Internal Biliary Fistula = 698
• Incidence = 699
• Etiology and Pathology = 700
• Types = 702
• Diagnosis of Spontaneous Internal Biliary Fistula = 705
• Treatment = 709
• Spontaneous External Biliary Fistulas = 709
• Treatment = 710
• Postoperative External Biliary Fistulas = 710
• Types = 711
• The Effect of Long-Continued External Biliary Drainage and Its Treatment = 712
• Rupture of Bile Ducts with Free Peritonitis = 713
• Etiology = 713
• Clinical Manifestations = 714
• Bibliography = 715
• SECTION Ⅸ AFFECTIONS OF THE PANCREAS
• CHAPTER CIX Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology of the Pancreas / Daniel L. Dozzi ; H. L. Bockus = 717
• Embryology = 717
• Anatomy = 718
• Histology = 720
• Applied Anatomy = 720
• Physiology = 721
• Internal Secretion = 722
• External Secretion of the Pancreas = 722
• Bibliography = 731
• CHAPTER CX Anomalies of the Pancreas / Daniel L. Dozzi = 734
• Anomalies of the Pancreatic Ducts = 734
• Pancreas Divisum = 734
• Bifiding of the Tail of the Pancreas = 734
• Annular Pancreas = 734
• Accessory Pancreas(Aberrant Pancreas, Pancreatic Rest) = 736
• Bibliography = 787
• CHAPTER CXI Functional Disorders of the Pancreas / Daniel L. Dozzi = 738
• Disorders of Internal Secretion = 738
• Hypo-insulinism = 738
• Functional Hyperinsulinism = 738
• Dysinsulinism = 741
• Disorders of External Secretion = 742
• Pancreatic Achylia = 742
• Bibliography = 743
• CHAPTER CXII Diagnostic Methods Applicable to the Study of Pancreatic Function and Disease / Daniel L. Dozzi ; H. L. Bockus = 744
• Tests for Pancreatic Enzymes in the Blood = 745
• Serum Amylase = 745
• Serum Lipase = 750
• Serum Enzyme Concentration Following Use of Pancreatic Stimulants = 751
• Tests for Pancreatic Enzymes in the Urine = 752
• Urinary Amylase = 752
• Urinary Lipase = 754
• Tests for Pancreatic Enzymes in the Duodenal Juice = 755
• Improved Technic for Obtaining Pancreatic Juice(Double Tube and Suction Method of Agren and Lagerl$$\ddot o$$f) = 758
• Enzyme Tests = 758
• Results of Secretin Test = 759
• The Use of Vagus Stimulants = 761
• Examination of the Feces = 761
• Enzymes in the Feces = 761
• Fecal Analysis in Pancreatic Dysfunction = 761
• Disturbances of Carbohydrate Metabolism = 762
• Rontgen-Ray Examination of the Pancreas = 763
• Plain Film = 763
• Barium-Meal Study = 764
• Barium-Enema Study = 764
• Cholangiography = 765
• Pneumoperitoneum = 765
• Bibliography = 765
• CHAPTER CXIII Acute Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Injuries and Pancreatic Fistula / Daniel L. Dozzi ; H. L. Bockus = 769
• Acute Pancreatitis = 769
• Acute Pancreatic Necrosis(Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis, Hemorrhagic Pancreatic Necrosis) = 770
• Pathology = 770
• Etiology = 770
• Pathogenesis = 774
• Clinical Features = 774
• Diagnosis = 775
• Prognosis and Treatment = 777
• Complications and Sequelae = 780
• Acute Edematous Pancreatitis = 781
• Pancreatic Injuries = 783
• Causes and Classification = 783
• Pathology = 784
• Diagnosis = 784
• Treatment = 785
• External Pancreatic Fistula = 785
• Etiology = 786
• Physiologic Disturbances and Clinical Features = 786
• Treatment and Prognosis = 780
• Bibliography = 788
• CHAPTER CXIV Chronic Pancreatitis, Tuberculosis of the Pancreas, Syphilis of the Pancreas / Daniel L. Dozzi = 792
• Chronic Pancreatitis = 792
• Etiology = 792
• Clinical Features = 793
• Treatment = 795
• Tuberculosis of the Pancreas = 795
• Incidence and Pathology = 795
• Clinical Features = 790
• Treatment = 796
• Syphilis of the Pancreas = 797
• Clinical Manifestations = 797
• Diagnosis and Treatment = 798
• Bibliography = 798
• CHAPTER CXV Pancreatic Lithiasis and Calcification of the Pancreas / Daniel L. Dozzi ; H. L. Bockus = 799
• Pancreatic Lithiasis = 799
• Etiology and Pathology = 799
• Clinical and Laboratory Features = 801
• Diagnosis = 803
• Treatment = 804
• Calcification of the Pancreas = 805
• Bibliography = 805
• CHAPTER CXVI Tumors and Cysts of the Pancreas / J. Edward Berk = 807
• Classification = 807
• Benign Tumors = 808
• Incidence = 808
• Etiology = 809
• Pathology = 809
• Clinical Features = 810
• Diagnosis = 812
• Treatment = 813
• Prognosis = 815
• Malignant Tumors = 816
• Carcinomas = 816
• Incidence = 816
• Etiology = 816
• Pathology = 816
• Clinical Features = 819
• Laboratory Findings = 828
• X-ray Findings = 826
• Gastroscopy and Peritoneoseopy = 831
• Diagnosis = 831
• Treatment = 831
• Prognosis = 833
• Islet-Cell Adenocarcinoma = 834
• Sarcomas = 834
• Etiology and Pathology = 835
• Clinical Features = 835
• Treatment and Prognosis = 935
• Carcinosarcomas = 835
• Malignant Cysts = 836
• Incidence = 836
• Clinical Features = 836
• Treatment = 830
• Benign Cysts = 836
• Incidence = 836
• Etiology = 836
• Pathology = 837
• Clinical Features = 839
• Laboratory Findings = 842
• X-ray Findings = 845
• Diagnosis = 843
• Treatment = 843
• Prognosis = 844
• Bibliography = 844
• SECTION Ⅹ GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES
• CHAPTER CXVII Animal Parasites Found in the Gastro-intestinal Tract of Man / Maurice M. Rothman = 848
• Classification = 849
• Roundworms = 849
• Trichuris Trichiura(Trichocephalus Trichiuris, Whipworm) = 850
• Trichinella Spiralis = 851
• Strongyloides Stercoralis = 853
• Enterobius Vermicuis(Oxyuris Vemicularis, Pinworm, Seatworm, Thread -worm) = 853
• Ascaris Lumbricoides = 857
• Ancylostoma Duodenale(Old World Hookworm), Necator Americanus(New World Hookworm) and Ancylostoma Braziliense(South American Hookworm) = 860
• Cestodes or Tapeworms = 862
• Taenia Saginata (Beef Tapeworm) = 863
• Taenia Solium(Pork Tapeworm) = 865
• Diphyllobothrium Latum(Dibothriocephalus Lotus, Broad Russian Tapeworm, Fish Tapeworm) = 867
• Hymenolepis Nana(Hymenolepis Murina, Dwarf Tapeworm) = 868
• Taenia Echinococcus = 869
• Trematodes or Flukes = 869
• General Considerations = 869
• Schistosomes or Blood Flukes = 872
• Schistoma Mansoni = 872
• Schistoma Japonicum(Oriental Schistosomiasis) = 875
• Schistoma Haematobium(Vesical Blood Fluke) = 877
• Liver Flukes = 878
• Clonorchis Sinensis(Clonorchis Endemicus) = 878
• Fasciola Hepatica = 882
• Opisthorchis Felineus(Distoma Felineum) = 884
• Dicrocoelium Dendriticum(Fasciola Lanceolata) = 885
• Opisthorchis Viverrini = 887
• Intestinal Flunkes = 887
• Fasciolopsis Buski(Distoma Crassum) = 887
• Heterophyids = 889
• Echinostomes = 892
• Amphistomes = 894
• Protozoa = 894
• Ameba = 894
• Giardia Lamblia = 894
• Other Intestinal Flagellates = 895
• Isospora Hominis(Isospora Belli) = 897
• Balantidium Coli(Paramaecium Coli) = 898
• Technic for the Detection of Intestinal Protozoa and Worm Ova = 900
• Type of Stool to be Collected = 900
• Method of Collection = 900
• Making the Examination = 900
• Chemotherapy in Helminth and Protozoal Infestations Involving the Liver and Gastro-intestinal Tract = 902
• Bibliography = 906
• SECTION XI SECONDARY AFFECTIONS OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT AND MISCELLANY
• CHAPTER CXVIII Functional Disorders of the Gastro-intestinal Tract of Neuropsychiatric Origin / Joseph C. Yaskin = 908
• The Role of the Vegetative Nervous System = 909
• Conditioned Reflexes = 910
• General Psychopathology = 911
• Structure of Personality = 911
• Types of Personality = 913
• Reaction Types = 913
• Functional Gastro-intestinal Disturbances in Psychotic Reactions = 914
• Evaluation of Gastro-intestinal Complaints = 914
• Emotional Depression = 918
• Functional Gastro-intestinal Disturbances Associated with Psychoneurotic Reactions = 920
• Some Basic Principles of the Psychopathology of the Neuroses = 920
• The Attitude of the Physician to the Problem of Diagnosis and Treatment = 924
• Some Principles in Treatment = 924
• Treatment of the Various Types of Neuroses = 925
• Psychotherapy Applicable to Most Common Neuroses = 925
• Treatment of Symptoms = 929
• Treatment of Anxiety Neurosis = 931
• Treatment of Conversion Hysteria = 931
• Treatment of Anxiety Hysteria = 932
• Treatment of Compulsive-Obsessive Reactions(Psychasthenia) = 933
• Treatment of Organic Gastro-intestinal Disorders Complicate by Neurosis = 935
• Prognosis of Psychotherapy in the Psychoneuroses = 936
• Bibliography = 936
• CHAPTER CXIX Gastro-intestinal Allergy / Merle M. Miller = 938
• Pathologic Physiology of the Allergic State = 939
• Anaphylaxis = 939
• Shock Tissue = 940
• Absorption of Allergens = 940
• Experimental Alimentary Allergy = 941
• Heredity in Allergy = 942
• Organs or Areas of the Alimentary Tract Involved in Allergy = 942
• Lips = 942
• Mouth = 942
• Esophagus = 942
• Stomach = 943
• Small Intestine = 943
• Colon = 943
• Rectum = 945
• Anus = 945
• Gallbladder and Bgiary Tract = 945
• Skin and Intestines = 946
• Aids in the Diagnosis of Gastro-intestinal Allergy = 946
• History = 947
• Clinical Features = 947
• Laboratory Studies = 948
• Gastroscopy = 949
• Sigmoidoscopy = 949
• Roentgenographic Examination = 949
• Skin Tests = 951
• Elimination Diets = 953
• Differential Diagnosis = 953
• Treatment = 955
• Elimination of Offending Foods = 955
• Hyposensitization = 950
• Bibliography = 959
• CHAPTER CXX The Interrelationship of Cardiac and Gastro-intestinal Disorders(Samuel Bellet ; William D. Stroud) = 962
• Innervation of the Gastro-intestinal System, and Heart, and Certain Experimental Observations = 962
• Gastro-intestinal Disorders Simulating Heart Disease = 964
• Esophageal Spasm = 964
• Esophageal Diverticulum = 965
• Esophageal Hiatus Hernia = 966
• Abdominal Distention = 967
• Acute Abdominal Catastrophes = 968
• Indirect Effects of Gastro-intestinal Disturbances upon the Heart = 968
• Hemorrhage = 969
• Relationship between Heart and Gallbladder Disease = 969
• Differential Diagnosis of Pain of Gallbladder Disease and Pain of Cardiac Origin = 971
• Treatment = 973
• Cardiovascular Disturbances with Symptoms Referable to the Gastro-intestinal Tract = 973
• Right-Sided Aortic Arch = 973
• Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Left Auricle = 973
• Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension = 974
• Congestive Heart Failure or Myocardial Insufficiency = 974
• Myocardial Infarction = 975
• Acute Pericarditis = 975
• Embolic Infarction = 976
• Abdominal Pain Caused by Aneurysm = 976
• Rheumatic Peritonitis = 977
• Jaundice = 977
• Coexistence of Cardiac and Gastro-intestinal Disease = 977
• Bibliography = 978
• CHAPTER CXXI Digestive Tract Symptoms Secondary to Pulmonary Tuberculosis / Johannes F. Pessel = 981
• Dysphagia = 981
• Malnutrition = 982
• The Stomach in Pulmonary Tuberculosis = 982
• Causes of Gastro-intestinal Symptoms in Pulmonary Tuberculosis = 983
• The Effect of Operative Procedures = 985
• Bibliography = 987
• CHAPTER CXXII Digestive Tract Symptoms Secondary to Genito-urinary Disease / Johannes F. Pessel = 989
• Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary Tract = 989
• Anatomical or Mechanical Factors = 991
• Neurologic or Reflex Factors = 992
• Chemical or Toxic Factors = 994
• Combined Factors = 995
• Methods of Differentiating Urinary Tract from Gastro-intestinal Tract Disease = 995
• Affections of the Genital Organs = 996
• Mechanism of Symptoms = 996
• Menstruation as the Cause of Gastro-intestinal Symptoms = 998
• Effects of Pregnancy on the Digestive Tract = 999
• Digestive Tract Symptoms Incident to the Menopause =1001
• Gastro-intestinal Symptoms Due to Female Pelvic Diseases = 1002
• Symptoms Due to Genital Diseases in Males = 1002
• Bibliography = 1003
• CHAPTER CXXIII Visceroptosis = 1005
• Pathogenesis : General Considerations, Anatomic and Physiologic = 1007
• Influence of Body Habitus on Visceral Position and Function = 1008
• The Normal Supports of Abdominal Viscera = 1009
• Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Visceroptosis = 1010
• Anatomic Variation in Individual Organs in Association with Visceroptosis = 1011
• Clinical Features = 1013
• Incidence, Age and Sex = 1013
• Symptomatology = 1013
• Physical Examination = 1017
• X-ray Examination = 1018
• Diagnosis = 1018
• Treatment = 1020
• Prophylaxis = 1020
• Principles of Management of the Visceroptotic Invalid with Inanition and Dyspepsia = 1020
• Physical Therapy = 1022
• Abdominal Supports = 1022
• Follow-Up Care = 1022
• Abdominal Pain in the Visceroptotic Patient = 1023
• Surgical Treatment = 1023
• Bibliography = 1024
• CHAPTER CXXIV Splenomegaly - Classification Of Causes and Differential Diagnosis / Thomas A. Johnson = 1025
• Spleen Development ad Certain Anatomic Considerations = 1025
• Physiologic Considerations = 1027
• The Spleen as Part of the Reticulo-endothelial System = 1027
• The Spleen as a Lymphoid Organ = 1028
• The Spleen as a Circulatory organ = 1028
• Pathologic Considerations = 1028
• Causes of Splenomegaly and Differential Diagnosis = 1028
• Vascular and Supporting Tissue Disturbance = 1031
• Infections = 1032
• Blood Dyscrasias = 1033
• Metabolic Disturbances = 1033
• Tumors = 1034
• Unclassified(Miscellaneous)causes of Splenomegaly = 1035
• Splenectomy in Splenomegaly = 1036
• Bibliography = 1036
• CHAPTER CXXV Food Poisoning / Henry Walter, Jr. = 1039
• Staphylococcus Food Poisoning = 1040
• Incidence = 1040
• Bacteriology = 1040
• Diagnosis = 1041
• Treatment = 1042
• Prognosis = 1044
• Botulism = 1044
• Incidence = 1044
• Pathogenesis = 1044
• Pathology = 1045
• Diagnosis = 1045
• Treatment = 1046
• Prognosis = 1048
• Salmonella Food Poisoning = 1048
• Incidence = 1048
• Bacteriology = 1048
• Epidemiology = 1049
• Clinical Features = 1050
• Diagnosis = 1051
• Treatment and Prognosis = 1051
• Streptococcus Food Poisoning = 1051
• Chemical Poisoning = 1051
• Fluorine Poisoning = 1051
• Cadmium Poisoning = 1052
• Methyl Chloride Poisoning = 1052
• Other Chemical Poisons = 1053
• Poisoning from Plants and Animals = 1053
• Mushroom Poisoning = 1053
• Favism = 1054
• Shellfish Poisoning = 1055
• Milk Poisoning = 1055
• Other Types of Poisoning = 1056
• Epidemic Nausea and Vomiting = 1056
• Bibliography = 1057
• Appendix = 1060
• The Use of Iodine Preparations in Hepatosplenography = 1060
• Surgical Procedures in Pronounced Portal Hypertension = 1061
• The Thymol Turbidity Test for Liver Dysfunction = 1062
• Index = 1063