Encyclopedia of international media and communications

목차 (Table of Contents)

• [Volume. 1]----------
• CONTENTS
• Contents by Subject Area = xi
• Contributors = xv
• Foreword = xxi
• Preface = xxiii
• Guide to the Use of the Encyclopedia = xvii
• Adversary, Role of Media as / Brant Houston = 1
• Advertising and Promotion / John Philip Jones = 7
• Advertising : Electronic Media / Joanne Gula = 17
• Advertising : Evaluation of Effectiveness / John Philip Jones = 27
• Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, Status of Media in / Silvio Waisbord = 35
• Armenia, Status of Media in / Christine Ogan = 47
• Australia and New Zealand, Status of Media in / John Henningham = 53
• Austria and Switzerland, Status of Media in / Werner A. Meier = 65
• Baltic States, Status of Media in / Marius Lukosiunas = 77
• Books / Murray Seeger = 87
• Books, Future Role of / Murray Seeger = 105
• Botswana, Status of Media in / James Zaffiro = 121
• Brazil, Status of Media in / Rosental Calmon Alves = 129
• Burma, Laos, and Cambodia, Status of Media in / Bertil Lintner = 139
• Business and Economics Journalism / Nixon K. Kariithi = 153
• Cartoons and Animated Films / S. L. Harrison = 163
• Cellular Telephony / Richard A. Gershon = 175
• Censorship / Michael S. Sweeney = 189
• Central America, Status of Media in / Rick Rockwell = 205
• China, Status of Media in / Judy Polumbaum = 215
• Cold War, Role of Media in / Louis W. Liebovich = 227
• Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, Status of Media in / Leonardo C. Ferreira = 235
• Comic Strips and Comic Books / John A. Lent = 247
• Communication Conglomerates / Carla Brooks Johnston = 259
• Computer Networks / Timothy Stephen ; Sibel Adali = 271
• Computers, Early Development of / Judith Clapp = 279
• Computers, Overview / Sharon Kleinman = 295
• Computers : Personal Computers / Harpreet Mahajan = 303
• Conflict of Interest / Samuel P. Winch = 325
• Copyright Law / Geoffrey P. Hull = 333
• Crime Reporting / William J. Drummond = 347
• Cross-Cultural Communication / Carla Brooks Johnston = 357
• Cultural Values and Mass Communications / S. M. Mazharul Haque = 369
• Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary, Status of Media in / P$$\acute e$$ter Bajomi-L$$\acute a$$z$$\acute a$$r ; Zuzana Simek = 381
• Daytime Television, Culture of / Robert J. Thompson = 391
• Democracy and the Media / Kathleen M. McGraw ; R. Andrew Holbrook = 399
• Developing Nations and the Media / George A. Krimsky = 409
• Disasters, Reporting of / Phil Scraton = 419
• Documentary Films / Jeremy Murray-Brown = 431
• Dramatic Show(Television) / Mary B. Cassata = 447
• East Africa, Status of Media in / Nicholls K. Boas = 461
• Economic Development, Communication and / Heather E. Hudson = 469
• Egypt, Status of Media in / Hussein Amin = 479
• Electronic Commerce / Rolf T. Wigand = 489
• Electronic Mail / Teresa M. Harrison = 505
• Electronic(Virtual) Communities / Nancy Williams ; Barry Kort = 515
• English Language, Role in International Communications / Larry E. Smith = 523
• English-Speaking West Africa, Status of Media in / Ritchard Tamba M'Bayo = 529
• Environmental Movement and the Media / Michael Frome = 543
• Ethics in Media, Overview / Sherry Baker ; Michael Perkins = 553
• Ethiopia, Status of Media in / Getachew Metaferia = 561
• Ethnic and Foreign-Language Press / Arthur S. Hayes = 571
• Ethnic and Gender Stereotyping / Ronald N. Jacobs ; Gayle Sulik = 587
• Ethnic Conflict and the Media / Kimberly Jones = 597
• Ethnic Media, Overview / Donald R. Shanor = 609
• [Volume. 2]----------
• CONTENTS
• Film / Lisa Joniak = 1
• Film, Historic Development of / Bruce Evensen = 11
• Foreign Policy and the Media / Abbas Malek = 23
• France, Status of Media in / Raymond Kuhn = 31
• Freedom of Expression, Western Historical Foundations of / David J. Vergobbi = 41
• Freedom of Information Laws / Kathleen Edwards = 53
• Freedom of the Press, Concept of / Kyu Ho Youm = 69
• Freedom of the Press, Historic Aspects of / Leonard R. Sussman = 81
• Freedom of the Press in Africa / Lyombe Eko = 95
• Freedom of the Press in Asia / Shelton A. Gunaratne = 117
• Freedom of the Press in Eastern Europe / Donald R. Shanor = 127
• Freedom of the Press in Latin America / Craig L. LaMay ; Coulter M. Bump = 141
• Freedom of the Press in the Former Soviet Republics / Laura Belin = 155
• Freedom of the Press in the Middle East and North Africa / Joel Campagna = 169
• Freedom of the Press in the United States / Margaret Blanchard = 181
• Freedom of the Press in Western Europe / Howard Tumber ; Marina Prentoulis = 193
• French-Speaking Central Africa, Status of Media in / Festus Eribo = 203
• French-Speaking West Africa, Status of Media in / Mitchell Land = 209
• Germany 1933-1945, as Media Case Study / Rudolf St$$\ddot o$$ber = 221
• Germany, Status of Media in / Peter J. Humphreys = 237
• Ghana, Status of Media in / Carla W. Heath = 251
• Globalization of Media, Concept and Nature of / William Hachten = 265
• Global Media, Historic Development of / Monroe E. Price = 279
• Government Role in Media / Carla Brooks Johnston = 293
• Greece, Status of Media in / Michael G. Meimaris = 305
• Health and Medical Reporting / Scott C. Ratzan ; Matthew D. Matsaganis ; J. Gregory Payne = 319
• Hollywood, Culture and Influence of / Michael Real = 329
• Hong Kong, Status of Media in / Frank Ching = 339
• Human Rights Issues / Susan Moeller = 351
• India, Status of Media in / Ammu Joseph = 363
• Indonesia, Status of Media in / Krishna Sen = 383
• Information Overload, Concept of / David Shenk = 395
• Information Society / William H. Dutton = 407
• Information Warfare / Randall Whitaker = 419
• Intellectual Property Law / Randall Larsen = 429
• Intelligence Gathering, Role of Media in / John J. Schulz = 451
• International Communication Regimes / J. P. Singh = 463
• Internet / Elliot King = 477
• Internet Access / Trevor R. Roycroft = 489
• Internet as Political Advocacy Forum / Kenneth S. Rogerson = 503
• Internet : Commercial and Corporate Web Sites / Jackie O. Pavlik = 509
• Internet, Global Aspects of / Oussama Cherribi = 517
• Internet, Government Regulation of / Barbara M. Jones = 527
• Internet, History and Development of / Henry Edward Hardy = 541
• Internet Law / Richard Warner = 551
• Internet News Reporting / Abraham Santib$$\acute a$$$$\tilde n$$ez = 563
• Internet : Private and Personal Web Sites / Susannah R. Stern = 575
• Investigative Journalism / James L. Aucoin = 583
• Iraq, Status of Media in / Mahmoud Tarabay = 593
• Ireland and Northern Ireland, Status of Media in / Kevin Cullen = 599
• Islamic Culture, Role of Media in / Richard W. Bulliet = 611
• Israel, Status of Media in / Yehiel Limor = 621
• Italy, Status of Media in / John English = 633
• Japan, Status of Media in / Takesato Watanabe = 641
• Journalism／Communications Education / LeAnne Daniels = 655
• Journalistic Codes of Ethics and Conduct / Ralph D. Barney = 673
• Journals, Scholarly / Fytton Rowland ; Hazel Woodward = 687
• Korea(North and South), Status of Media in / Kyu Ho Youm = 699
• [Volume. 3]----------
• CONTENTS
• Legal System and the Media / Arthur S. Hayes = 1
• Libel and Slander / David Heller ; Sandra Baron = 21
• Libraries, Public / R. Kathleen Molz = 35
• Literacy, Current Status of / Naz Rassool = 49
• Literacy, Historic Development of / Randal Holme = 61
• Literary Journalism and the media / Helen Benedict = 75
• Magazines : News / David E. Sumner = 87
• Magazines : Special Interest / David Abrahamson = 101
• Malaysia, Status of Media in / Lay Kim Wang = 113
• Media Criticism / Craig L. LaMay = 123
• Mexico, Status of Media in / Rick Rockwell = 143
• Minorities, Media Depiction of / Joy F. Morrison = 149
• Namibia, Status of Media in / James Zaffiro = 155
• National Development and Communications / Robert L. Stevenson = 163
• Nationalist Movements and the Media / Donald R. Shanor = 177
• National Security Affairs Reporting / John J. Schulz = 191
• Native American Culture and the Media / Shiela Reaves ; Patty Loew = 205
• Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, Status of Media in / Kees Brants = 215
• New Media / John V. Pavlik ; Adam Clayton Powell Ⅲ = 225
• News Agencies / Christopher H. Sterling = 235
• Newspapers, Elite and National / Richard Gross = 247
• Newspapers, Evolution of : 1955-Present / Stephen Lacy ; Daniel Riffe = 257
• Newspapers, Future Role of / Roger F. Fidler = 267
• Newspapers, Local / Dane S. Claussen = 277
• News Reporting, Radio / Ronald Garay = 299
• News Reporting, Television / Robert Zelnick = 315
• New World Information and Communication Order / Leonard R. Sussman = 335
• Nigeria, Status of Media in / Christopher Olugbenga Ayeni = 351
• Nonviolent Struggle and th Media / Gene Sharp = 363
• North African States, Status of Media in / Mustapha Masmoudi = 371
• Objectivity in Reporting / Wolfgang Donsbach = 383
• Pacific Islands, Status of Media in / Suzanna Layton = 393
• Pakistan and Bangladesh, Status of Media in / Shelton A. Gunaratne = 425
• Philippines, Status of Media in / Sheila S. Coronel = 439
• Phonograms / Geoffrey P. Hull = 449
• Photography / Paul Martin Lester = 461
• Photojournalism(Still News Photography) / David D. Perlmutter = 471
• Poetry, Drama, and Fiction / Gail Shivel = 483
• Poland, Status of Media in / Jane Leftwich Curry = 495
• Political Advertising / Kathleen Hall Jamieson ; Paul A. Waldman = 505
• Political Bias in the Media / Holli Semetko = 517
• Political Cartoons / Terry L. Seip = 527
• Politics and the Media / Penn Kimball = 543
• Polling / Frank Newport = 555
• Prior Restraint / T. Barton Carter = 565
• Privacy vs Public Right to Know / Jane E. Kirtley = 573
• Privatization, Liberalization, and Deregulation / Folu F. Ogundimu = 585
• Propaganda / John Spicer Nichols = 597
• Propaganda Films / James Forsher = 607
• Public Journalism / Tanni Haas = 617
• Public Opinion and the Media / Carroll J. Glynn ; Irkwon Jeong = 631
• Public Relations / Don Bates = 641
• [Volume. 4]----------
• CONTENTS
• Radio Broadcasting : Post-1945 / Christopher H. Sterling = 1
• Radio Broadcasting : Pre-1945 / Christopher H. Sterling = 13
• Radio, Future Role of / Dwight De Werth-Pallmeyer = 25
• Radio, International / Donald R. Browne = 33
• Rating Systems for Media / Joanne Cantor = 47
• Reality-Based Television(Docudrama) / Barbara J. Irwin = 59
• Reference Works(Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, etc.) / Blanche Woolls = 71
• Religion and th Media / Wayne Luther Thompson = 81
• Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania, Status of Media in / Peter Gross = 91
• Russia, Status of Media in / Michael J. Berlin = 103
• Satellite Broadcasting / Robert M. Frieden = 115
• Saudi Arabia and Gulf States, Status of Media in / Deborah Wheeler = 127
• Science Reporting / Joanna S. Ploeger = 143
• Separatist Movements and the Media / Donald R. Shanor = 155
• Sexual Content in Film and Television / Amy Richards Franzini = 169
• Singapore, Status of Media in / Eddie C. Y. Kuo ; Hao Xiaoming = 177
• Sources, Confidentiality of / Dominic Lasorsa = 193
• South Africa, Status of Media in / Sebiletso Mokone-Matabane = 205
• South America, Status of Media in / Joseph D. Straubhaar = 217
• Southeastern Africa, Status of Media in / Francis P. Kasoma = 227
• Soviet Union 1929-1991, Status of Media in / Laura Roselle = 245
• Spain and Portugal, Status of Media in / Jos$$\acute e$$ A. Garc$$\acute i$$a Avil$$\acute e$$s = 255
• Sports Reporting / Stephen V. Bird = 275
• Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Iceland, Status of Media in / Helge Rønning = 285
• Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan, Status of Media in / Nabil H. Dajani ; Orayb Aref Najjar = 301
• Tabloid Journalism / Joe Atkinson = 317
• Taiwan, Status of Media in / Ringo Ma = 329
• Talk Show Culture / Ellen Hume = 341
• Telegraph / Christopher H. Sterling = 355
• Telephone / Phyllis Bernt = 367
• Television Broadcasting : Cable TV / Patrick R. Pasons = 381
• Television Broadcasting : Networks / William A. Richter = 393
• Television Formats / Riley Maynard = 409
• Television, Future Role of / David F. Donnelly = 415
• Television, Role of : 1945-1975 / Christopher H. Sterling = 429
• Television, Role of : 1975-Present / George Comstock ; Erica Scharrer = 443
• Terrorism and the Media / Brigitte L. Nacos = 459
• Thailand, Status of Media in / Peter J. Eng = 473
• Theatrical Films / Randy Steinberg = 489
• Traditional Cultures, Impact of Media on / Raul Reis = 501
• Turkey, Status of Media in / Christine Ogan = 511
• Ukraine, Status of Media in / Craig L. LaMay = 519
• United Kingdom, Status of Media in / Holli Semetko = 529
• United Nations, Role of / Joseph A. Mehan = 541
• United States, Status of Media in / Jean Folkerts = 551
• Vietnam, Status of Media in / Russell Hiang-Khng Heng = 561
• Violence in Films and Television / Joanne Cantor = 573
• Virtual Diplomacy / Sheryl J. Brown ; Margarita S. Studemeister = 585
• War Reporting : Access, Censorship, and Other Issues / John J. Schulz = 595
• War Reporting, Overview / Debra Reddin van Tuyll = 611
• West Bank and Gaza, Status of Media in / Orayb Aref Najjar = 623
• Women in the Media / Marilyn Greenwald = 639
• Yugoslavia(Former), Status of Media in / Roland Brunner ; Nena Skopljanac = 653
• Zimbabwe, Status of Media in / Lst Moyo = 667
• Index = 683